Bivariate Multilevel Modeling of Modern Contraceptive Use and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Prevention of Women in Ethiopia

Modern Contraceptive Use ◽

Women's Knowledge ◽

Women’S Knowledge

Abstract Background: Ethiopia is one of the most populous countries in Africa and has the highest number of new HIV infections. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to demonstrate the joint predictors and association between modern contraceptive use and knowledge of HIV prevention in women aged 15-49 across clusters in Ethiopia.Methods: This study considered a weighted sample of 10,223 married women aged 15-49 years, extracted from the 2016 EDHS data. The bivariate multilevel logistics regression model was used in this study.Results: In Ethiopia, 64.75%, 54.58% of the women didn’t use the modern contraceptive method and didn’t know about HIV prevention, respectively. A positive relationship between the use of modern contraceptives and knowledge of HIV prevention of women across the clusters was found, which implies that modern contraceptive use has positive implications on women's knowledge of HIV prevention techniques across the clusters.Conclusions: Predictor visiting a health facility, wealth index, media exposure, religion, place of residence, and the contextual region are statistically related with the use of modern contraceptive use and knowledge of HIV prevention of women across the clusters. Those women who use the modern contraceptive method have more likelihood of knowing about HIV prevention. The study result confirmed that modern contraceptive use has a spillover effect on women's knowledge of HIV prevention across the clusters. Therefore, the integration of the two programs with taking into account their joint predictors was an advantage in terms of clinical benefit, cost, and for seeking care individuals in the communities. The integration of two programs with due consideration of community-specific was recommended.

The effect of women’s bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use in Cameroon

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13100.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Dimitri Tchakounté Tchuimi ◽

Benjamin Fomba Kamga

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Maternal Death ◽

Contraceptive Method ◽

Bargaining Power ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Death Rates ◽

Background: The prevalence of contraception among married women, evaluated at 23%, is low in Cameroon. Maternal death rates, estimated at 782 deaths per 100,000 live births, are very worrying. The National Strategic Plan for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (2015-2020) and the Health Sector Strategy (2016-2027) focuses on increasing modern contraceptive prevalence as a means to reduce maternal death. This paper identifies women’s bargaining power as a factor that may stimulate contraceptive use. The objective of this study is to analyze the association between women's bargaining power within couples and modern contraceptive use. Methods: The data used come from the fifth Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2018. Women’s bargaining power within couple is measured by a Woman Bargaining Power Composite Index (WBPCI) built through a multiple correspondence analysis. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between WBPCI and modern contraceptive use. Results: The results of the descriptive statistics show that women's bargaining power is higher among women who use contraception than for those who do not. The results of the logistic regression model show that an increase of WBPCI was significantly associated with higher chances of using a modern contraceptive method (OR = 1.352; 95% CI: 1.257, 1.454; p <0.01). The education of women is also a key determinant since educated women were at least two times more likely to use a modern contraceptive method than uneducated women. Conclusions: To reduce high maternal death rates in Cameroon, public health policies should not only focus on the health system itself, but should also focus on social policies to empower women in the household.

The effect of Women’s decision-making autonomy on family Planning acces in Senegal in 2017

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

N M Sougou ◽

O Bassoum ◽

M M M M Leye ◽

A Tal-Dia

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Method ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of access to decision-making on women’s health in the choice of fertility control has been highlighted by research. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of access to decision-making for women’s health on access to family planning in Senegal in 2017. Methods The analyses of this study had been done on the Individual Records file of Senegal’s Demographic Health Survey 2017. This data covered 8865 women aged 15 to 49 years. The propensity scores matching method had been done. The variable access to the decision was considered as the variable of interest. Matching was done using variables that were not modified by the effect of the treatment. These were religion and socio-economic level. The outcome variables were modern contraceptive use, the existence of unmet needs and the type of modern contraceptive method used. Significance was at 5%. The condition of common support had been respected. The analysis was done with the STATA.15 software. Results Six percent (6.26%) of women could decide about their health on their own. Access to decision-making increased significantly with the woman’s age (p < 0.05). Fifteen percent (15.24%) women used a modern contraceptive method. Women using a contraceptive method were more numerous in the group with access to decision-making (29.43%) with a significant difference with the other group of 8% (p < 0.05). After matching, there was no significant difference between women in terms of modern contraceptive use and the existence of unmet needs. There was a significant difference in the type of contraceptive method used between the two groups of women. These differences were 23.17% for Intra Uterine Device, 52.98% for injections, 08.9% for implants and 10.79% for condoms. Conclusions Access to decision-making for health would facilitate women’s access to long-acting contraceptive methods. These findings show the importance of implementing gender transformative interventions in improving access to family planning. Key messages Access to decision-making for health would allow better access to modern contraceptive methods, especially those with a long duration of action. Better consideration of gender disparity reduction could improve access to family planning in Senegal.

Protocol for cluster randomized evaluation of reaching married adolescents - a gender-synchronized intervention to increase modern contraceptive use among married adolescent girls and young women and their husbands in Niger

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-019-0841-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sneha Challa ◽

Stephanie M. DeLong ◽

Nicole Carter ◽

Nicole Johns ◽

Holly Shakya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Young Women ◽

Contraceptive Method ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Early marriage and early childbearing are highly prevalent in Niger with 75% of girls married before age 18 years and 42% of girls giving birth between ages 15 and 18 years. In 2012, only 7% of all 15–19-year-old married adolescents (male and female) reported use of a modern contraceptive method with barriers including misinformation, and social norms unsupportive of contraception. To meet the needs of married adolescents and their husbands in Niger, the Reaching Married Adolescents (RMA) program was developed with the goal of improving modern contraceptive method uptake in the Dosso region of Niger. Methods Using a four-arm cluster randomized control design, the RMA study seeks to assess whether household visits only (Arm 1), small group discussions only (Arm 2), or a combination of both (Arm 3), as compared to controls (no intervention – Arm 4), improve modern contraceptive method use among married adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), age 13–19 years-old, in three districts of the Dosso region. Intervention conditions were randomly assigned across the three districts, Dosso, Doutchi, and Loga. Within each district, eligible villages were assigned to either that intervention condition or to the control condition (12 intervention and 4 control per district). Across the three intervention conditions, community dialogues regarding modern contraceptive use were also implemented. Data for the study was collected at baseline (April – June 2016), at 24 months post-intervention (April – June 2018), and a final round of data collection will occur at 40 months post-intervention (October – December 2019). Discussion The RMA intervention is a gender-synchronized and community-based program implemented among married adolescent girls and their husbands in the context of rural Niger. The intervention is designed to provide education about modern contraception and to promote gender equity in order to increase uptake of modern contraceptive methods. Results from this cluster randomized control study will contribute to the knowledge base regarding the utility of male engagement as a strategy within community-level approaches to promote modern contraceptive method use in the high need context of West Africa. Trial registration Registered October 2017 - ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03226730.

Non-use of Contraceptive Methods Among Married: Analysis of the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-80086/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sidikiba Sidibe ◽

Bienvenu Salim Camara ◽

Nafissatou Dioubaté ◽

Fassou Mathias Grovogui ◽

Alexandre Delamou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Contraceptive Method ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Community Perception ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Tests Of Association ◽

Abstract Background: Modern contraceptive prevalence in Guinea was low in 2018. This study aimed to examine current modern contraceptive non-use among 1086 married women in Guinea who have used a contraceptive method. Methods: We used the dataset of the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). The analysis included descriptive statistics, tests of association, and logistic regression of women who are not currently using modern contraceptive methods among ever users. Results: Among the sampled women, 454 (42%) did not use modern contraceptive methods. Three out of five non-users made the decision to not use contraceptives. The factors associated with modern contraceptive non-use included living in the administrative regions of Boké (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–5.56) and Mamou (AOR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.38–9.19); age 25–29 years (AOR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.25–6.30), 30–34 years (AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.31–7.38), and 45–49 years (AOR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.22–10.00); and husband’s desire for more children (AOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02–2.46). Conclusions: Interventions that focus on contraceptive non-users among ever users who are currently not using any modern contraceptive method could lead to the resumption of modern contraceptive use among these women. Furthermore, community-level family planning interventions such as male or couple sensitisation or men’s involvement in reproductive issues could improve community perception about contraception and women’s rights for reproductive health.

Wealth index, empowerment and modern contraceptive use among married women in Nigeria: are they interrelated?

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-016-0738-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 415-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ayo Stephen Adebowale ◽

Babatunde Gbadebo ◽

Felix Rotimi Afolabi

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Married Women ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Women’s Knowledge of Concept of Menopause, Severity, and Climacteric Stage Among Women in Middle Age in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-638981/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Asteray Ayenew ◽

Mastewal Yechale ◽

Azezu Nigussie ◽

Nigusu Ayalew

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Menopausal Symptoms ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Women's Knowledge ◽

Women’S Knowledge

Abstract Background: Menopause is the physical, hormonal, psychological, biological events in women menstruation ceases as their age turns to 50’s. It is an inevitable part of life in the reproductive life of every women. an appropriate understanding of women about menopause that certain physical, social, mental, and psychological changes occur during menopause and helps them with greater readiness to cope with these changes, to seek medical attention, and other healthy behaviors like exercise, taking vitamins and mineral as supplement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess rural women’s knowledge of concept of menopause, severity, and climacteric stage among women aged 40-65 years in Northwest, Ethiopia Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 6 to 30/ 2020 in Motta district. Simple random sampling was used for the required sample size. The Data was collected by using structured, pre-tested, and interviewer-administered questionnaires and entered in to Epi data version 3.1 then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was employed and variables with p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were identified as significant factors to the outcome variable. Results: the women’s knowledge of concept of menopause only 23.3%. The mean age of study participants were 50.98 ±7.89 years with the majority have no formal education and poor wealth index. The most prevalent types of menopausal symptoms reported were muscular weakness (79%) while hot flash (76.9%) and decrease sexual desire (52%) were also prevalent. Moreover, each of the menopausal symptoms were higher among postmenopausal women compared to perimenopause and premonopuse women. Women self-reported differing severity levels of symptoms with high severity reported in 19.1% of total MRS and 9.1% had a moderate score of menopausal symptoms. Urban dwellers [AOR =2.07, 95%CI=(1.12, 3.81)], college and above educational status [AOR=4.01,95%CI =(1.39, 11.54)], Women with rich wealth index [AOR= 5.98, 95%CI= (3.01, 11.87)], women had information about menopausal symptoms [AOR=3.76, 95%CI= (1.86, 7.59)], history of contraceptive use [AOR=3.26, 95%CI= (1.94, 5.48)], and severe score of menopausal symptoms [AOR=2.22, 95%CI=(1.17, 4.19)] were factors significantly associated with knowledge of menopausal symptoms among women aged 40 – 65 years.Conclusion: The knowledge of women regarding menopausal was low. Residency, educational status, wealth index, received information about menopausal symptoms, history of contraceptive use, and menopausal severity score was significantly associated with knowledge of menopause. Thus, to increase knowledge of women on menopause, health education programs need to be integrated in to menopausal health within the health care system. Additionally, it is better to focus on postreproductive health of the women as during reproductive period to ensure the well beings of the women in postreproductive life. Moreover, community based education regardless of the severity of menopause including rural women is recommended. Integrating the menopausal health services with other maternal health services, and empowering women on education is essential for better improving women’s health.

MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG WOMEN IN ZAMBIA: A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY

10.1101/2021.07.13.21259719 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jully M Chilambwe ◽

Tyson Chipokoso ◽

Melvin Mwansa ◽

Mowa Zambwe

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Modern Contraceptives ◽

Modern Methods ◽

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the modern contraceptive use by women of childbearing age in Zambia. METHODS: The study was retrospective descriptive observational design. Secondary data of 13,683 women aged 15 - 49 who participated in the ZDHS 2018 were analysed. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Since the ZDHS 2018 used numeric data, the study was quantitative research. The study examined the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and modern contraceptive use using Pearson, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: In Zambia, the most used type of modern contraception were injectables (52%). Female condom is the most known type of modern contraceptives (55%). The significant factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives were age group 25-29 and 45-49 (AOR=1.41 95% CI=1.05, 1.90) and (AOR=0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.62), respectively. Being married and widowed (AOR=2.18, 95% CI 1.75, 2.71), and (AOR=0.50, 95% CI 0.31, 0.78), respectively. The likelihood utilization varied across the gradient of parity, educational attainment, and wealth. Educated and wealthy women were more likely to use modern methods compared to women with no education and in the poor category, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study established that factors such as age, marital status, the number of living children (parity), religion, and education level and wealth index remain significant issues in determining modern contraceptive use among childbearing women aged 15 to 49 in Zambia. Therefore, concerted efforts are required to increase use of modern methods of contraception by addressing these determinants.

EFFECT OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES ON MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CONTINUATION IN VIETNAM

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932006001453 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 201-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

MAI P. DO ◽

MICHAEL A. KOENIG

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Method ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Quality Of Services ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Family Planning Services ◽

Health Centres ◽

Outreach Programme

Summary.Access to and quality of services have increasingly been the focus of family planning programme managers, implementers and researchers in the developing world. In Vietnam, a country characterized by recent significant achievements in family planning, not much is known about the linkages between service accessibility and quality and contraceptive behaviour. Data for this study come from the Vietnam 1997 Demographic and Health Survey, with individual contraceptive use information recorded in the calendar section. Measures of access to and quality of services come from the Community/Health Facility Questionnaire, with key informant interviews and facility visits. The study focuses on the effects of the outreach programme and commune health centres on contraceptive method discontinuation for three modern, temporary methods: the IUD, oral pills and condoms. Longer travel time to commune health centres is found to be associated with significantly increased risks of first- and all-method discontinuation for any reason, while residence in communities with higher quality health centres is associated with significantly lower risks of method discontinuation. Access to and quality of the outreach programme are, in contrast, not significant determinants of method discontinuation for any reason. Similar results are found for first- and all-method discontinuation for service-related reasons. The effects of programmatic factors are more pronounced among older women and during the first three months of method use. This study provides evidence for the importance of family planning services for contraceptive method continuation in Vietnam. The results also highlight the need for a thorough evaluation of the family planning outreach programme in terms of its facilitation of women’s continued use of contraception.

Modern Contraceptive Use and Influencing Factors in Amhara Regional State: Further Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data 2016

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/5817383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Melash Belachew Asresie ◽

Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu ◽

Gizachew Work Dagnew ◽

Yared Mulu Gelaw

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Health Survey ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

Regional State ◽

Background. Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan African countries with a high unmet need for contraceptives. Contraception is a good indicator of the extent to which couples have access to reproductive health services. A study on contraceptives can provide overall direction by helping to identify the obstacles in society and weaknesses in services that need to be overcome. However, little is known in Amhara region context. Therefore, this analysis was aimed to assess modern contraceptive use and influencing factors in the Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Methods. We used secondary data analysis of the regional representative sample of women aged 15–49 years from the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 2207 married reproductive-age women (15–49 years) selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique were included in this analysis. Both descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA V.14. A 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results. Modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women was 51.3% (95% CI: 47.0–55.6). Being from households with rich wealth index (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5), a secondary or higher level of education (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4–6.2), and desire to space (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.9–3.7) or want no more child (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6–3.5) were found positively associated with modern contraceptive use. On the other hand, modern contraceptive use was negatively associated with women aged 35–49 years (AOR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9). Conclusion. Modern contraceptive use was relatively high in the Amhara region. The odds of modern contraceptive use were higher among women with secondary or more educational levels. Women from households with rich wealth index and those who want to delay or avoid pregnancy had also more odds of using modern contraceptives. Therefore, strengthening women’s and community education could improve modern contraceptive use. Moreover, more emphasis should be given for income generation activities.

Pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in East Africa: A Multi-country Analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247992 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0247992

Author(s):

Zemenu Tadesse Tessema ◽

Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale ◽

Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽

Yigizie Yeshaw ◽

Misganaw Gebrie Worku

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Scale Up ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

East African ◽

African Region ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Contraceptive Utilization ◽

Background According to the 2017 estimate, around 214 million reproductive-age women in developing regions who want to avoid pregnancy do not use a modern contraceptive method. Although there are studies done on factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization in individual East African countries, as to our search of the literature, there is limited evidence on the pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in the East African region. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in the East African region. Methods The pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and the strength of determinants were estimated using STATA version 14. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio (MOR), Proportional Change in Variance (PCV), and deviance were used for model fitness and comparison. The multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of modern contraceptive use in the region. Adjusted Odds Ratio with its 95% Confidence Interval was presented, and variables with a p-value ≤of 0.05 were declared significant determinants of modern contraceptive utilization. Results Overall, about 20.68% (95%CI:-20.46.,20.91)of women used modern contraceptive, ranging from 9.08% in Mozambique to 61.49% in Comoros. In the multilevel logistic regression model; maternal age group 25–34 (AOR: 0.79, 95%CI:0.76,0.82) and 35–49 (AOR:0.49, 95%CI:0.46,0.51). Being married (AOR:0.85, 95%CI:0.82,0.88), mothers with primary education (AOR:1.48, 95%CI:1.43,1.54) and secondary and above education level (AOR:1.60, 95%CI:1.52,1.69), husbands with primary education (AOR:2.43, 95%CI:2.35,2.51) and secondary and above education level (AOR:2.92, 95%CI:2.76,3.05). The mothers who had occupation (AOR:2.11, 95%CI:1.23,1.33), mothers from households with middle wealth index (AOR:1.23, 95%CI:1.19,1.28) and rich wealth index (AOR:1.28, 95%CI:1.23,1.33) were found to be significant determinants of modern contraceptive use. Conclusion We found that modern contraceptive utilization in the 12 East Africa countries was low compared to SDG target 2030(75%). The governmental and non-governmental organizations should scale up their public health programs to the poor and marginalized communities to scale up modern contraceptive utilization uptake in the region. In addition, reforming the health system and reproductive health education through mass media to create awareness of modern contraceptive use benefits are effective strategies to improve modern contraceptive use among East Africa women.