scholarly journals The Mechanism of Degradation of Alizarin Red by a White-Rot Fungus (Lenzites Gibbosa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
YuJie Chi ◽  
Lianrong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Anthraquinone Dye ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

Abstract Background Alizarin red (AR) is a typical anthraquinone dye, and the resulting wastewater is toxic and difficult to remove. A study showed that the white rot fungus Lenzites gibbosa (L. gibbosa) can degrade dye wastewater by decolorization and has evolved its own enzyme-producing traits. Methods In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed after alizarin red treatment for 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 h. The key pathways and key enzymes involved in alizarin red degradation were found to be though the analysis of KEGG, GO and COG. The GST, MnP and Laccase enzyme activities of L. gibbosa treated with alizarin red for 0–14 h were detected. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of alizarin red decomposition products after 7 h and 14 h were performed. Results The glutathione metabolic pathway ko00480, and the key enzymes GST, MnP, Laccase and CYP450 were selected. Most of the genes encoding these enzymes were upregulated under alizarin red conditions. The GST activity increased 1.8 times from 117.55 U/mg prot at 0 h to 217.03 U/mg prot at 14 h. The MnP activity increased 2.9 times from 6.45 U/L to 18.55U/L. The Laccase activity increased 3.7 times from 7.22 U/L to 27.28 U/L. Analysis of the alizarin red decolourization rate showed that the decolourization rate at 14 h reached 20.21%. The main degradation intermediates were found to be 1,4-butene diacid, phthalic acid, 1,1-diphenylethylene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 1,2-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, bisphenol, benzophenol-5,2-butene, acrylaldehyde, and 1-butylene, and the degradation process of AR was inferred. Overall, 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product produced by AR degradation. Conclusions The glutathione metabolic pathway was the key pathway for AR degradation. GST, MnP, Laccase and CYP450 were the key enzymes for AR degradation. 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product. This study explored the process of AR biodegradation at the molecular and biochemical levels and provided a theoretical basis for its application in practical production.

scholarly journals Optimization of Laccase from Ganoderma lucidum Decolorizing Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Glac1 as Main Laccase-Contributing Gene

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Qin ◽  
Yuetong Wu ◽  
Bilal Adil ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yunfu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Blue R ◽  
Protein Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

Many dyes and pigments are used in textile and printing industries, and their wastewater has been classed as a top source of pollution. Biodegradation of dyes by fungal laccase has great potential. In this work, the influence of reaction time, pH, temperature, dye concentration, metal ions, and mediators on laccase-catalyzed Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye (RBBR) decolorization were investigated in vitro using crude laccase from the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum. The optimal decolorization percentage (50.3%) was achieved at 35 °C, pH 4.0, and 200 ppm RBBR in 30 min. The mediator effects from syringaldehyde, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, and vanillin were compared, and 0.1 mM vanillin was found to obviously increase the decolorization percentage of RBBR to 98.7%. Laccase-mediated decolorization percentages significantly increased in the presence of 5 mM Na+ and Cu2+, and decolorization percentages reached 62.4% and 62.2%, respectively. Real-time fluorescence-quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and protein mass spectrometry results showed that among the 15 laccase isoenzyme genes, Glac1 was the main laccase-contributing gene, contributing the most to the laccase enzyme activity and decolorization process. These results also indicate that under optimal conditions, G. lucidum laccases, especially Glac1, have a strong potential to remove RBBR from reactive dye effluent.

scholarly journals Biostoning of textile effluent with laccase enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
K Iqbal ◽  
A Nadeem ◽  
U Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Experimental Values

The incessant release of textile effluent comprehending dyes and heavy metals which impacts on aquatic life. Current study used an enzyme to eradicate phenolic compounds and synthetic dyes from textile effluent by an indigenously isolated white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus- P1 has been cultured and indicated the utmost laccase activity with synthetic medium; as reacting substrate for dye decolorization. The textile effluent decolorization optimization has been conducted with different concentrations of laccase enzyme, temperature and pH. The 90% effluent decolorization was obtained by applying response surface methodology (RSM) conditions temperature, crude laccase enzyme and pH, 25˚C, 13.5 U/ml and 5 respectively. The predicted values were validated with experimental values, that confirms the steadiness of the model. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 115-124, 2021

scholarly journals Enhanced Reactive Blue 4 Biodegradation Performance of Newly Isolated white rot fungus Antrodia P5 by the Synergistic Effect of Herbal Extraction Residue

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjie Yuan ◽  
Shuyi Zhang ◽  
Yifei Chen ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Letian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Anthraquinone Dye ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reactive Blue 4

In this study, a white rot fungus Antrodia was newly isolated and named P5. Then its dye biodegradation ability was investigated. Our results showed that P5 could effectively degrade 1,000 mg/L Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) in 24 h with 95% decolorization under shaking conditions. It could tolerate a high dye concentration of 2,500 mg/L as well as 10% salt concentration and a wide range of pH values (4–9). Herbal extraction residues (HER) were screened as additional medium elements for P5 biodegradation. Following the addition of Fructus Gardeniae (FG) extraction residue, the biodegradation performance of P5 was significantly enhanced, achieving 92% decolorization in 12 h. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of multiple peroxidase genes was simultaneously increased: Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase, Laccase, and Dye Decolorization Peroxidase. The maximum increase in Lignin Peroxidase reached 10.22-fold in the presence of FG. The results of UV scanning and LC-HRMS showed that with the synergistic effect of FG, P5 could remarkably accelerate the biodegradation process of RB4 intermediates. Moreover, the fungal treatment with FG also promoted the abatement of RB4 toxicity. In sum, white rot fungus and herbal extraction residue were combined and used in the treatment of anthraquinone dye. This could be applied in practical contexts to realize an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for industrial dye wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pendegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Cair Pulp dan Kayu Lapuk Eukaliptus (Eucalyptus sp)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ida R Hasibuan ◽  
Nyoman Semadi Antara ◽  
I M. Mahaputra Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Brown Color

Lignin is an organic polymer compound that is difficult to degrade in the environment because of its very complex structure consisting of an aromatic ring group and three carbons in the side chain. This exploratory study aims to determine whether white rot fungi isolated from wastewater from eucalypt pulp and weathered wood are lignolytic and the ability of the isolates to degrade tannins as an approach in the lignin degradation process. The experimental design is divided into two stages, namely: 1) Isolation of fungi that have the ability to degrade tannins quantitatively and qualitatively as well as characterization of fungi morphologically (macroscopic and microscopic). 2) Testing the ability of superior white rot fungus isolates in degrading tannins at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of tannins. The brown zone formed in white rot fungal isolates was measured the zone diameter and intensity of the brown color. The results of this study indicate that of the 29 isolates obtained, there were five superior isolates capable of degrading tannins, namely isolates LD06, LD07, BE01.3, BE01.4 and BE02.2. BE01.3 was isolated at 2% tannin concentration, the second largest diameter of the brown zone after LD06 isolate and the highest brown color intensity  level three with a slightly dark brown color intensity, namely slightly blackish brown. Keywords: Isolation, characterization, white rot fungi, tannins, lignin degradation

scholarly journals Self-Sustaining Bioelectrochemical Cell from Fungal Degradation of Lignin-Rich Agrowaste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Asiah Sukri ◽  
Raihan Othman ◽  
Firdaus Abd-Wahab ◽  
Noraini M. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Air Electrode ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Specific Affinity ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

The present work describes a self-sustaining bioelectrochemical system that adopts simple cell configurations and operates in uncontrolled ambient surroundings. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) was comprised of white-rot fungus of Phanaerochaete chrysosporium fed with oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as the substrate. This fungal strain degrades lignin by producing ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase, which demonstrates a specific affinity for oxygen as its electron acceptor. By simply pairing zinc and the air electrode in a membraneless, single-chamber, 250-mL enclosure, electricity could be harvested. The microbial zinc/air cell is capable of sustaining a 1 mA discharge current continuously for 44 days (i.e., discharge capacity of 1056 mAh). The role of the metabolic activities of P. chrysosporium on EFB towards the MFC’s performance is supported by linear sweep voltammetry measurement and scanning electron microscopy observations. The ability of the MFC to sustain its discharge for a prolonged duration despite the fungal microbes not being attached to the air electrode is attributed to the formation of a network of filamentous hyphae under the submerged culture. Further, gradual lignin decomposition by fungal inocula ensures a continuous supply of laccase enzyme and radical oxidants to the MFC. These factors promote a self-sustaining MFC devoid of any control features.

Effect of Neem Oil (Azadirachtin) Against White Rot Fungus (Polyporous Versicolor) in Wood Plastic Particle Board

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
A.Sangeetha A.Sangeetha ◽  
◽  
K.Thanigai K.Thanigai ◽  
Narasimhamurthy Narasimhamurthy ◽  
S.K.Nath S.K.Nath
Keyword(s):  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Plastic Particle

Effects of White Rot Fungus Physisporinus sp., Isolated in Japan, on Styrene-butadiene Rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Yumi SHIMIZU ◽  
Shuma SATHO ◽  
Taro NAKAJIMA ◽  
Hiroaki KOUZAI ◽  
Kiminori SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Synergistic Methodology Based on Ion Exchange and Biodegradation Mechanisms Applied for Metal Complex Dye Removal from Waste Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽  
Olga Tiron ◽  
Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽  
Mihaela Costache ◽  
Mihai Nita Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Basic Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Basic Anion

This study investigates the synergistic effects of ion exchange and biodegradation methods to remove the Acid Blue 193 also called Gryfalan Navy Blue RL (GNB) dye from wastewater. Ion exchange studies were performed using a strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400. The equilibrium was characterized by a kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, establishing that the sorption of the GNB dye was subject to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 0.8710. Experimental results showed that the activated resin can removed up to 93.4% when the concentration of dye solution is 5.62�10-2 mM. The biodegradation of the GNB was induced by laccase, an enzyme isolated from white-rot fungus. It was also analyzed the role of pH and dye concentration on GNB biodegradation, so 5�10-2 mM dye had a maximum discoloration efficiency of 82.9% at pH of 4. The laccase showed a very fast and robust activity reaching in a few minutes a Km value of 2.2�10-1mM. In addition, increasing the GNB concentration up to 8�10-1 mM did not triggered a substrat inhibition effect on the laccase activity. Overall, in this study we proposed a mixt physicochemical and biological approach to enhance the GNB removal and biodegradability from the wastewaters and subsequently the environment.

The Onset of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes, Decrease of AOX and Color Removal by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Bleach Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Lankinen ◽  
M. M. Inkeröinen ◽  
J. Pellinen ◽  
A. I. Hatakka
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Active Form ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Decrease of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) is becoming the most important criterion for the efficiency of pulp mill effluent treatment in the 1990s. Two methods, designated MYCOR and MYCOPOR which utilize the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium have earlier been developed for the color removal of pulp mill effluents, but the processes have also a capacity to decrease the amount of chlorinated organic compounds. Lignin peroxidases (ligninases) produced by P. chrvsosporium may dechlorinate chlorinated phenols. In this work possibilities to use selected white-rot fungi in the treatment of E1-stage bleach plant effluent were studied. Phlebia radiata. Phanerochaete chrvsosporium and Merulius (Phlebia) tremellosus were compared in shake flasks for their ability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase(s) and manganese-dependent peroxidase(s) and to remove color from a medium containing effluent. Softwood bleaching effluents were treated by carrier-immobilized P. radiata in 2 1 bioreactors and a 10 1 BiostatR -fermentor. Dechlorination was followed using Cl ion and AOX determinations. All fungi removed the color of the effluent. In P. radiata cultivations AOX decrease was ca. 4 mg l−1 in one day. Apparent lignin peroxidase activities as determined by veratryl alcohol oxidation method were negligible or zero in a medium with AOX content of ca. 60 mg l−1, prepared using about 20 % (v/v) of softwood effluent. However, the purification of extracellular enzymes implied that large amounts of lignin peroxidases were present in the medium and, after the purification, in active form. Enzyme proteins were separated using anion exchange chromatography, and they were further characterized by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to reveal the kind of enzymes that were present during AOX decrease and color removal. The most characteristic lignin peroxidase isoenzymes in effluent media were LiP2 and LiP3.

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