scholarly journals A Subtype of Human Bocavirus Detected in Rattus Norvegicus Feces in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Fei You ◽  
Min-Yi Zhang ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Qiu-Shuang Li ◽  
Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Bocavirus is a typical zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of hosts. Here, we report the epidemiology of human bocavirus (HBoV) detected in Rattus norvegicus. Methods Between May 2015 and May 2017, 357 R. norvegicus were captured in four Chinese provinces. Polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the prevalence of HBoV in fecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis and sequencing of the entire viral genome were undertaken. Results HBoV was detected in 0.84% (3/357) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial VP1 region and near-full-sequence regions showed that HBoV obtained in R. norvegicus was genetically closely related to HBoV-2. One near-full‐length HBoV genome (named “GZ533”) was acquired, and phylogenetic analysis of the three positive sequences revealed that they shared very high identity in nucleotides and amino acids in the VP1 region (96.0%–99.1%). Comparison of GZ533 and other HBoVs revealed ~100% identity of amino acids in the VP1 region, whereas only 37.5% identity of amino acids when compared with R. norvegicus bocavirus.Conclusion HBoV-2 was detected in R. norvegicus in China. R. norvegicus may be a carrier of HBoV infection, and its impact on public health merits attention.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Immune-Diagnostic Tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sub-Clinical Leishmaniasis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of leishmaniasis in the Nuba Mountain area, which is situated in a unique geographical site located in the centre of Sudanese leishmania belt. Wide range of investigations are available for detection of leishmania cases, but still the most reliable and easy test used as screening and epidemiological tool in field studies needs to be evaluated. The most commonly used conventional diagnostic methods direct microscopy and culture have some drawbacks in diagnosing subclinical cases of leishmaniasis. Materials and methods: In this study, comparative properties of various immune-diagnostic tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction used in sub-clinical leishmaniasis isolates were explored. The immune-diagnostic tools involved in this study include- Leishmanin Skin Test (LST), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). The study was conducted in the Green Valley village (Rashad Province, South Kordofan State) with a population of 332. Most of the villagers presented with sub-clinical form of leishmaniasis with minor symptoms and signs without the features found in clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis such as fever, diarrhoea, epistaxis, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In this study we collected demographic, clinical and epidemiological data using special questionnaire. Leishmanin skin test (LST), ELISA, DAT and PCR for parasite DNA detection were used. Result: The final positive cases detected by PCR were 32 out of 332 belong to L. donovani species. The final positive cases detected by LST were 51.2% of the total population under study, while 11 out of the 37 tested samples were positive by ELISA. All of the 332 villagers showed negative readings by DAT with exception of three individuals who were positive with very high titers. Conclusion: DNA etxtraction and amplification with primers can be a good screening tool in subclinical leishmaniasis isolates. Keyword: Sub-clinical; Leishmaniasis; Leishmanin Skin Test; ELISA; DAT; PCR. DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.5422J Medicine 2011; 12 : 34-39

scholarly journals Discovery of Cocirculating Ross River Virus and Barmah Forest Virus At Wide Bay Military Training Area, Northeastern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Jo Kizu ◽  
Christina Neuman ◽  
Luke Le Grand ◽  
Wenjun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Culex Annulirostris ◽  
Australian Defence Force ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Training Area

ABSTRACT An arbovirus surveillance military exercise was conducted to assess the risk of Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Wide Bay training area (WBTA), northeastern Australia, in April 2018. Of the 5,540 female mosquitoes collected, 3,702 were screened for RRV and BFV by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in a field laboratory. One pool of Verrallina funerea was positive for RRV and 8 pools (7 pools of Aedes vigilax and 1 pool of Culex annulirostris) were positive for BFV. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the E2 protein subgrouped both RRV and BFV with viruses previously isolated from human infections, indicating the potential risk of RRV and BFV infection to ADF personnel while training in WBTA. This is the 1st time that both RRV and BFV have been detected in a military training area.

scholarly journals Performance of a Commercial Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for EndocervicalChlamydia trachomatisInfection in a University Hospital Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
C. H. Livengood III ◽  
K. A. Boggess ◽  
J. W. Wrenn ◽  
A. P. Murtha
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Objectives:To examine the accuracy of a commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (Amplicor CTR, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg NJ) for identification of endocervical chlamydial infections through both laboratory evaluation and among a diverse teaching hospital patient population.Methods:Testing of reliable threshold inocula and reproducibility were carried out using laboratory stock organisms. Paired endocervical samples from patients with a wide range of indications were tested by PCR and an established culture procedure, and discrepant pairs were further analyzed to determine true results.Results:Laboratory evaluation suggested that one copy of target DNA from a viable organism consistently yielded a positive result, and test reproducibility was very good, with an overall coefficient of variation of 15%. Compared to true results in 1,588 paired clinical samples from 1,489 women with a 10% prevalence of infection, the PCR test and culture yielded respective sensitivities of 87.4% and 78.0%, and negative predictive values of 98.6% and 97.6%. Specificity and positive predictive value for both tests were 100%. Cost per specimen was nearly identical at $18.84 and $18.88 respectively. Polymerase inhibitors and organisms lacking target DNA were not found in false-negative PCR samples.Conclusion:This commercial PCR test is accurate, cost-competitive, and much faster than culture for diagnosis of endocervical chlamydia infections in our population of intermediate prevalence of chlamydial infection.

Malassezia japonica is part of the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas – Kuhl, 1820)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Selene Dall’ Acqua Coutinho ◽  
Carlos Sacristán ◽  
Marina Galvão Bueno ◽  
Juliana Marigo ◽  
Alcides Pissinatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Leontopithecus Chrysomelas ◽  
Lion Tamarins ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Malassezia Spp ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were restrained, and 597 clinical samples were collected. After the amplification of the 26S ribosomal gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the RFLP technique was performed. Two additional PCR protocols were performed in 10 randomly selected strains. Malassezia sp. was isolated in 38.2% (76/199) of the animals and 14.6% (87/597) of the samples; all strains were lipodependent. The 10 sequenced strains showed a high identity with Malassezia japonica, species described in man, but not in animals, so far.

Quantification of gene expression over a wide range by the polymerase chain reaction

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Kinoshita ◽  
Jun Imamura ◽  
Hirokazu Nagai ◽  
Kunitada Shimotohno
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Molecular Detection of Leptospira Species Serotypes in Iranian Stray Dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saam Torkan ◽  
Hassan Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leptospira Species

Background and Aims: Leptospirosis is a spirochetal disease with public health importance globally. This disease affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Dogs are one of the species most sensitive to Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. The present study was concluded to evaluate the prevalence rate of Leptospira species and L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars in Iranian stray dogs. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and twenty blood samples were first taken from stray dogs. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory. Sera were extracted from blood samples and genomic DNA was extracted. DNA samples were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples for Leptospira spp. were analyzed for presence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiaeserovars using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Nine samples out of 120 serum samples (7.5%) were positive for the flagella gene of the Leptospira spp. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in serum samples of male and female dogs were 5.4% and 10.86%, respectively. Prevalence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars were 55.55% and 33.33%, respectively. We found that 11.11% of samples were positive for both serovars. Two to three and 3-4 year old dogs had the highest prevalence of Leptospira spp. Conclusions: The considerable prevalence of leptospirta spp. and also their zoonotic serovars among Iranian stray dogs represented an important public health issue regarding the contact of healthy human with these dogs. Identification of infected dogs and their vaccination can inhibit the distribution of Leptospira spp.

scholarly journals A Species-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Rapid Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae in Irrigation Water

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Kong ◽  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Steven N. Jeffers ◽  
Patricia A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

Phytophthora nicotianae is a common and destructive pathogen of numerous ornamental, agronomic, and horticultural crops such as tobacco, tomato, and citrus. We have developed a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid and accurate detection of this pathogen in irrigation water, a primary source of inoculum and an efficient means of propagule dissemination. This PCR assay consists of a pair of species-specific primers (PN), customization of a commercial soil DNA extraction kit for purification of DNA from propagules in irrigation water, and efficient PCR protocols for primer tests and sample detection. The PN primers proved adequately specific for P. nicotianae in evaluations with 131 isolates of P. nicotianae, 102 isolates from 15 other species of Phytophthora, and 64 isolates from a variety of other oomycetes, true fungi, and bacteria. These isolates originated from a wide range of host plants, three substrates (plant tissue, soil, and irrigation water), and numerous geographic locations. The detection sensitivity is between 80 and 800 fg DNA/μl. The assay detected the pathogen in naturally infested water samples from Virginia and South Carolina nurseries more rapidly and accurately than standard isolation methods. Use of this PCR assay can assist growers in making timely disease management decisions with confidence.

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