scholarly journals Group-Based Trajectory Modelling (GBTM) To Assess the Effect of Medication Adherence on Health-Related Outcomes: A Protocol for A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Memoli ◽  
Giraud Ekanmian ◽  
Carlotta Lunghi ◽  
Anne-Déborah Bouhnik ◽  
Sophie Lauzier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Effect Measure ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Trajectory Modelling

Abstract Background: The Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) method is increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiologic studies to describe medication adherence trajectories over time. However, assessing the effects of these medication adherence trajectories on health-related outcomes remains challenging. The purpose of this review is to describe studies assessing the effects of medication adherence trajectories estimated by the GBTM method on health-related outcomes. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We will search in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane database up to April 1st, 2021. Two reviewers will independently select articles and extract data. Discrepancies at every step will be resolved through discussion, and consensus will be reached for all disagreed articles. A third reviewer will act as a referee if needed. We will use tables to synthesize the modalities used to estimate medication adherence trajectories and the effect of adherence trajectories on health-related outcomes. We will identify the types of health-related outcomes studied and how they are defined, the statistical models used, the effect measure yield, and how medication adherence trajectories have been incorporated in the model. We will also review the limitations and biases reported by the authors and their attempts to mitigate them. We will provide a narrative synthesis.Discussion: This review will provide a clear view of the strategies and methods used in medication adherence research to estimate the effects of adherence trajectories on different health-related outcomes. A thorough exploration of how GBTM is used for this specific purpose could represent the first crucial steps towards optimizing the utilization of this method in adherence studies. Systematic review registration: Prospero CRD42021213503.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Self-Management of Hypertension in Adults Using Mobile Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.2196/17776 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e17776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Ning Liang ◽  
Fanlong Bu ◽  
Therese Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Mhealth Intervention

Background Effective treatment of hypertension requires careful self-management. With the ongoing development of mobile technologies and the scarcity of health care resources, mobile health (mHealth)–based self-management has become a useful treatment for hypertension, and its effectiveness has been assessed in many trials. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive summaries of the studies using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Objective This systematic review aimed to measure the effectiveness of mHealth in improving the self-management of hypertension for adults. The outcome measures were blood pressure (BP), BP control, medication adherence, self-management behavior, and costs. Methods A systematic search was conducted using 5 electronic databases. The snowballing method was used to scan the reference lists of relevant studies. Only peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2010 and September 2019 were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by 3 researchers independently, adhering to the validation guideline and checklist. Both a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis were carried out. Results A total of 24 studies with 8933 participants were included. Of these, 23 studies reported the clinical outcome of BP, 12 of these provided systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) data, and 16 articles focused on change in self-management behavior and medication adherence. All 24 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. According to the meta-analysis, a greater reduction in both SBP and DBP was observed in the mHealth intervention groups compared with control groups, −3.78 mm Hg (P<.001; 95% CI −4.67 to −2.89) and −1.57 mm Hg (P<.001; 95% CI −2.28 to −0.86), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed consistent reductions in SBP and DBP across different frequencies of reminders, interactive patterns, intervention functions, and study duration subgroups. A total of 16 studies reported better medication adherence and behavioral change in the intervention groups, while 8 showed no significant change. Six studies included an economic evaluation, which drew inconsistent conclusions. However, potentially long-term financial benefits were mentioned in all economic evaluations. All studies were assessed to be at high risk of bias. Conclusions This review found that mHealth self-management interventions were effective in BP control. The outcomes of this review showed improvements in self-management behavior and medication adherence. The most successful mHealth intervention combined the feature of tailored messages, interactive communication, and multifaceted functions. Further research with longer duration and cultural adaptation is necessary. With increasing disease burden from hypertension globally, mHealth offers a potentially effective method for self-management and control of BP. mHealth can be easily integrated into existing health care systems. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42019152062; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=152062

scholarly journals Protocol for a Systematic Review of Rationing of Nursing Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 015-018
Author(s):  
Lata Mandal ◽  
A. Seethalakshmi ◽  
Anitha Rajendra Babu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Purpose: To identify and synthesize the findings of studies related to “rationing of nursing care”. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta analysis (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed in this review and literature searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psyc Info, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. Only quantitative studies meeting the predetermined inclusion criteria, quality standards and credibility will be synthesised using narrative synthesis. Results: A descriptive synthesis of the findings of the selected studies will be carried out which will be presented in narrative summary with statistical findings incorporated. Conclusion: This review will provide a synthesis of up to date evidence regarding the rationing of care by nurses. It will also support the hypothesis that rationing of care has effects on patients and nurses and explore relationship of rationing of care with patients and nursing outcome.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of hydrocolloid dressings versus other dressings in the healing of pressure ulcers in adults and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Soares Pott ◽  
Marineli Joaquim Meier ◽  
Janislei Giseli Dorociak Stocco ◽  
Karla Crozeta ◽  
Janyne Dayane Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocolloids in the healing of pressure ulcers in adult and older adult patients.METHOD: systematic review with meta-analysis, based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook. The search was undertaken in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library Online.RESULTS: 646 primary studies were identified, 69 were evaluated and nine were selected, referring to the use of the hydrocolloid dressing in healing; of these, four studies allowed meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the hydrocolloid group and the foams group (p value=0.84; Odds Ratio 1.06, CI 95% 0.61-1.86). A slight superiority of the polyurethane dressings was observed in relation to the hydrocolloid dressings.CONCLUSION: the evidence is not sufficient to affirm whether the efficacy of hydrocolloid dressings is superior to that of other dressings. It is suggested that clinical randomized trials be undertaken so as to ascertain the efficacy of this intervention in the healing of pressure ulcers, in relation to other treatments.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Han Yang ◽  
Chian-Yin Chou ◽  
Yi-Fan Yang ◽  
Yi-Ping Yang ◽  
Chian-Shiu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Negative Conversion

AbstractBackgroundsSince COVID-19 outbreak, various agents have been tested but no proven effective therapies have been identified. This has led to a lot of controversies among associated researches. Hence, in order to address the issue of using hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies in MEDLINE, medRxiv, PubMed, Cochrane Database, China Academic Journals Full-text Database and Web of Science. Two investigators independently reviewed 274 abstracts and 23 articles. The trials which evaluated hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 were included for this systematic review. Two investigators assessed quality of the studies and data extraction was done by one reviewer and cross checked by the other.ResultsFive trials involving 677 patients were included while conducting the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin showed benefits in positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI,0.19 to 19.73] and a reduction in progression rate (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.37]), but without demonstrating any statistical significance. This systematic review has also suggested a possible synergistic effect of the combination therapy which included hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. However, the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.ConclusionThe use of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19 patients, seems to be effective. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has shown synergic effects. However, mortality rate was increased when the treatment was conducted with hydroxychloroquine.

scholarly journals Complications of Outpatient and Inpatient Renal Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Lin ◽  
Cherry Yin-Yi Chang ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Wu-Huei Hsu ◽  
I.-Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Inpatient Settings

Background: The evidence indicates that the optimal observation period following renal biopsy ranges between 6 and 8 h. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored whether differences exist in the complication rates of renal biopsies performed in outpatient and inpatient settings. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1985 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently selected studies evaluating the bleeding risk from renal biopsies performed in outpatient and inpatient settings and reviewed their full texts. The primary and secondary outcomes were risks of bleeding and major events (including mortality) following the procedure, respectively. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the original study design (i.e., prospective or retrospective). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effect meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: Data from all 10 eligible studies, which included a total of 1801 patients and 203 bleeding events, were included for analysis. Renal biopsies in outpatient settings were not associated with a higher bleeding risk than those in inpatient settings (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.59–1.11; I2 = 0%). The risk of major events was also comparable across both groups (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.16–1.29; I2 = 4%). Conclusions: Similar rates of bleeding and major events following renal biopsy in outpatient and inpatient settings were observed.

Impact of early childhood caries on oral health‐related quality of life: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zaror ◽  
Andrea Matamala‐Santander ◽  
Montse Ferrer ◽  
Fernando Rivera‐Mendoza ◽  
Gerardo Espinoza‐Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

A preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on heart rate variability and respiration of athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Cayaban Pagaduan ◽  
Yung-Sheng Chen ◽  
James William Fell ◽  
Sam Shi Xuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract To date, there is no quantitative review examining the influence of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BFB) on the athlete population. Such an undertaking may provide valuable information on the autonomic and respiration responses of athletes when performing HRV BFB. Thus, purpose of this preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of HRV BFB on HRV and respiration of athletes. Searches of Springerlink, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PROQUEST Academic Research Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were conducted for studies that met the following criteria: (1) experimental studies involving athletes that underwent randomized control trial; (2) availability of HRV BFB as a treatment compared with a control (CON)/placebo (PLA); (3) any pre and post HRV variable and/or breathing frequency as dependent variable/s; and, (4) peer-reviewed articles written in English. Four out of 660 studies involving 115 athletes (25 females and 90 males) ages 16–30 years old were assessed in this review. Preliminary findings suggest the promising ability of HRV BFB to improve respiratory mechanics in athlete population. More work is needed to determine the autonomic modulatory effect of HRV BFB in athletes.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 genome and antibodies in breastmilk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-321074
Author(s):  
Faith Zhu ◽  
Carlos Zozaya ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Charmaine De Castro ◽  
Prakesh S Shah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Rt Pcr

ObjectiveTo systematically review and meta-analyse the rate of SARS-CoV-2 genome identification and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breastmilk of mothers with COVID-19.DesignA systematic review of studies published between January 2019 and October 2020 without study design or language restrictions.SettingData sourced from Ovid Embase Classic+Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, relevant bibliographies and the John Hopkins University COVID-19 database.PatientsMothers with confirmed COVID-19 and breastmilk tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Main outcome measuresPresence of SARS-CoV-2 genome and antibodies in breastmilk.ResultsWe included 50 articles. Twelve out of 183 women from 48 studies were positive for SARS-CoV-2 genome in their breastmilk (pooled proportion 5% (95% CI 2% to 15%; I2=48%)). Six infants (50%) of these 12 mothers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with one requiring respiratory support. Sixty-one out of 89 women from 10 studies had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in their breastmilk (pooled proportion 83% (95% CI 32% to 98%; I2=88%)). The predominant antibody detected was IgA.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 genome presence in breastmilk is uncommon and is associated with mild symptoms in infants. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be a more common finding. Considering the low proportion of SARS-CoV-2 genome detected in breastmilk and its lower virulence, mothers with COVID-19 should be supported to breastfeed.

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