scholarly journals Incomplete Genome Doubling Enables to Consistently Enhance Plant Growth for Maximum Biomass Production by Altering Multiple Transcript Co-Expression Networks in Potato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanglu Zhao ◽  
Nengzhou Jin ◽  
Meysam Madadi ◽  
Youmei Wang ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Important Approach

Abstract Polyploidization is an important approach in crop breeding for agronomic trait improvement, especially for biomass production. Cytochimera contains two or more mixed cells with different levels of ploidy, which is considered a failure in whole genome duplication. Using colchicine treatment with diploid (Dip) potato (Solanum chacoense) seedlings, this study generated tetraploid (Tet) and cytochimera (Cyt) lines, which respectively contained complete and partial cells with genome duplication. Compared to the Dip potato, we observed remarkably enhanced plant growth and biomass yields in Tet and Cyt lines. Notably, the Cyt potato straw, which was generated from incomplete genome doubling, was of significantly higher biomass yield than that of the Tet with a distinctively altered cell wall composition. Meanwhile, we observed that one layer of the tetraploid cells (about 30 %) in Cyt plants was sufficient to trigger a gene expression pattern similar to that of Tet, suggesting that the biomass dominance of Cyt may be related to the proportion of different ploidy cells. Further genome-wide analyses of co-expression networks indicated that down-regulation (against Dip) of spliceosomal-related transcripts might lead to differential alternative splicing for specifically improved agronomic traits such as plant growth, biomass yield and lignocellulose composition in Tet and Cyt plants. In addition, this work examined that the genome of Cyt line was relatively stable after years of asexual reproduction. Hence, this study has demonstrated that incomplete genome doubling is a promising strategy to maximize biomass production in potato and beyond.

scholarly journals Scaling-up production of cost-effective and eco-friendly bio-fertilizer and its application on Barley green fodder via IoT hydroponic system

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Elsayed Abd Elsallam ◽  
Shahira Hussainy EL-Moslamy ◽  
Ahmed Abd El-Al ◽  
Hoda Farouk Zahran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Fed Batch Fermentation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Plant-associated microbes (endophytes) have a significant relationship to enhance plant growth and crop productivity by producing proficient bioactive metabolites. Since endophytes promoted plant growth either directly by releasing active metabolites such as phytohormones or indirectly by suppressing the growth of phytopathogens, so, in this work, biomass yield of local endophytic Trichoderma harzianum was maximized at shake-flask scale and scaled up via 7-L Bioflo310 fermenter using continuous exponential fed-batch fermentation mode. Subsequently, the effect of these cells as bio-fertilizer was assessed using two-barley grain genotypes (Russian and Egyptian seeds) via an intelligent hydroponic system based on Internet of Things (IoT). Results To reduce the cost of a biomass production line, agro-waste media containing potato, onion, garlic, pea, and cabbage peels were chosen as the culturing medium. The pea peel medium was found to be the best producer of biomass (2.2 g/L). The cultivation factors were evaluated to improve this biomass yield. The results showed that the maximum biomass production (4.9 g/L) was reported by adjusting the medium pH at 5.0 that inoculated with 10% of spore suspension, then incubated at 30°C, and 200 rpm. Then, this biomass yield was scaled up kinetically (505.4 g/L) by using exponential fed-batch fermentation mode via a 7-L bioreactor. The stimulation impacts of this endophytic T. harzianum on the growth of different barley genotypes (Russian and Egyptian seeds) were determined using a controlled hydroponic chamber. The total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and carbohydrate amounts in treated Russian showed the proficient stimulation percentage (81.05, 80, 40.8%) compared to the Egyptian barley groups (76.39, 73.5, 25.9%) respectively. Also, the maximum carbohydrate content (83.95 ± 1.7%) was recorded in the case of Russian barley. Conclusion Via this work, the optimal combination conditions for the cost-effective biomass production of endophytic T. harzianum were designed industrially via a fed-batch fermentation system using the cheapest culturing medium. Furthermore, by applying this promising bio-fertilizer, the total cost of barley production via an IoT hydroponic growing system was reduced. Besides, these animal diets (sprouted barley) could be produced in 3 cycles per month.

Genetic diversity in agronomic traits associated with the biomass production of Miscanthus species collected in Northeast Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S137-S140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hyun Lim ◽  
Min Jung Yook ◽  
Jin-Won Kim ◽  
Jong-Seok Song ◽  
Chuan-Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter

Miscanthus is a promising bioenergy crop due to its high productivity and broad environmental adaptability to tropical and temperate climates. As important Miscanthus species such as M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus are native to East Asia, implying more diverse Miscanthus genetic resources in this region, in this study, we collected about 300 Miscanthus accessions from East Asia, mainly in Korea. From the whole collections, 66 Miscanthus accessions representing geographical location and latitude were selected and tested through a 3-year field trial to investigate genetic diversity in their agronomic traits. Five agronomic traits associated with biomass production were assessed to investigate the relationships of agronomic traits with biomass yield and latitudes of locations where Miscanthus accessions were collected. Plant height, stem diameter, stem dry weight and heading date exhibited a significantly positive correlation with biomass yield with r= 0.465, 0.780, 0.817 and 0.450, respectively. Stem diameter (r= − 0.495), stem dry weight (r= − 0.393), heading date (r= − 0.914) and estimated yield (r= − 0.425) exhibited a significantly negative correlation with latitudes of the collection sites. The results of the study revealed the existence of considerable genetic diversity in agronomic traits in the Miscanthus accessions collected. The presence of a significant relationship between latitudes and agronomic traits suggests that accessions collected from different geographical latitudes will provide more genetically diverse materials for breeding. Therefore, the results of the present study can provide useful information and materials for Miscanthus breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Comparative regulomics supports pervasive selection on gene dosage following whole genome duplication

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth B. Gillard ◽  
Lars Grønvold ◽  
Line L. Røsæg ◽  
Matilde Mengkrog Holen ◽  
Øystein Monsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Expression Evolution

Abstract Background Whole genome duplication (WGD) events have played a major role in eukaryotic genome evolution, but the consequence of these extreme events in adaptive genome evolution is still not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used a comparative phylogenetic model and transcriptomic data from seven species to infer selection on gene expression in duplicated genes (ohnologs) following the salmonid WGD 80–100 million years ago. Results We find rare cases of tissue-specific expression evolution but pervasive expression evolution affecting many tissues, reflecting strong selection on maintenance of genome stability following genome doubling. Ohnolog expression levels have evolved mostly asymmetrically, by diverting one ohnolog copy down a path towards lower expression and possible pseudogenization. Loss of expression in one ohnolog is significantly associated with transposable element insertions in promoters and likely driven by selection on gene dosage including selection on stoichiometric balance. We also find symmetric expression shifts, and these are associated with genes under strong evolutionary constraints such as ribosome subunit genes. This possibly reflects selection operating to achieve a gene dose reduction while avoiding accumulation of “toxic mutations”. Mechanistically, ohnolog regulatory divergence is dictated by the number of bound transcription factors in promoters, with transposable elements being one likely source of novel binding sites driving tissue-specific gains in expression. Conclusions Our results imply pervasive adaptive expression evolution following WGD to overcome the immediate challenges posed by genome doubling and to exploit the long-term genetic opportunities for novel phenotype evolution.

Can repeated soil amendment with biogas digestates increase soil suppressiveness toward non-specific soil-borne pathogens in agricultural lands?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
L. M. Manici ◽  
F. Caputo ◽  
G. A. Cappelli ◽  
E. Ceotto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Abstract Soil suppressiveness which is the natural ability of soil to support optimal plant growth and health is the resultant of multiple soil microbial components; which implies many difficulties when estimating this soil condition. Microbial benefits for plant health from repeated digestate applications were assessed in three experimental sites surrounding anaerobic biogas plants in an intensively cultivated area of northern Italy. A 2-yr trial was performed in 2017 and 2018 by performing an in-pot plant growth assay, using soil samples taken from two fields for each experimental site, of which one had been repeatedly amended with anaerobic biogas digestate and the other had not. These fields were similar in management and crop sequences (maize was the recurrent crop) for the last 10 yr. Plant growth response in the bioassay was expressed as plant biomass production, root colonization frequency by soil-borne fungi were estimated to evaluate the impact of soil-borne pathogens on plant growth, abundance of Pseudomonas and actinomycetes populations in rhizosphere were estimated as beneficial soil microbial indicators. Repeated soil amendment with digestate increased significantly soil capacity to support plant biomass production as compared to unamended control in both the years. Findings supported evidence that this increase was principally attributable to a higher natural ability of digestate-amended soils to reduce root infection by saprophytic soil-borne pathogens whose inoculum was increased by the recurrent maize cultivation. Pseudomonas and actinomycetes were always more abundant in digestate-amended soils suggesting that both these large bacterial groups were involved in the increase of their natural capacity to control soil-borne pathogens (soil suppressiveness).

Variation in Biomass Yield, Cell Wall Components, and Agronomic Traits in a Broad Range of Diploid Alfalfa Accessions

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1956-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Sakiroglu ◽  
Kenneth J. Moore ◽  
E. Charles Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

scholarly journals Effects of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation on Yield and Fertilizer Requirement of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Mojid ◽  
G C L Wyseure ◽  
S K Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Due to increasing scarcity of fresh water, use of unconventional water source (e.g., wastewater) in irrigation has now become important. However, inclusive information on the effects of wastewater on crop production and soil health is necessary for such intervention. This study was designed to evaluate these effects by demonstrating the contribution of municipal wastewater (hereafter called wastewater) on yield and nutrient requirement of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cv Shatabdi. Five irrigation treatments - I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5  were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during November-March of 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2009-2010 at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University,  Mymensingh. The treatments I2-I5 consisted of blended wastewater and I1 of fresh water (control). The ratio of wastewater to total irrigation water was 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 in I2, I3, I4 and I5, respectively. Wheat was cultivated with three irrigations and recommended doses of fertilizer in three consecutive years. Wastewater contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) @ 17.5, 3.7 and 10.3 mg/L, respectively, and irrigation by raw wastewater (I5) contributed 19.1, 15.1 and 21.7% of the recommended N, P and K, respectively. Biomass yield increased with increasing fraction of wastewater in irrigation. Grain yield increased for the wastewater fraction of 0.50 - 0.75 in irrigation but decreased when irrigation was applied by raw wastewater. Excess fertilizer (under I5) boosted up growth of wheat, but did not contribute to the grain yield. Number of grains per spike; and grain, straw and biological yields significantly (p = 0.05) increased due to the contribution of wastewater. Wastewater significantly improved grain and biomass production, with the largest value obtained in I4 (4.61 t/ha grain yield and 11.36 t/ha biomass yield).  Raw wastewater in combination with recommended fertilizer doses caused over-fertilization that contributed only in biomass production but not in grain production of wheat and irrigation by wastewater substantially reduced fertilizer requirement of wheat.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 01-14

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

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