Documenting Response To COVID-Individual and Systems Successes and Challenges: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study
Abstract Background This feasibility study aimed to assess the use of WhatsApp for qualitative data collection to document the evolution of perceptions of frontline healthcare workers (FHCW) regarding their wellbeing and the quality of health systems' response to the COVID-19 pandemic over four months. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal qualitative study conducted during the four months coinciding with the peak and trough of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (June-September 2020). We approached frontline healthcare workers (physicians and nurses working in emergency departments) in two hospitals using the WhatsApp group of the Pakistan Society of Emergency Physicians (PSEM). We introduced the study and obtained consent using a google consent form. Each participant was asked to self-record their perception of their personal wellness and their level of satisfaction with the quality of their hospitals' response to the pandemic. Each participant sent their voice notes/audio-recording to a central WhatsApp number. We transcribed and analysed the recordings and identified themes and sub-themes, and the changes to these themes over six months. Results We invited approximately 200 FHCWs associated with PSEM to participate in the study. Of the 61 who agreed to participate, 27 completed the study. A total of 149 audio recordings were received and transcribed. Three themes and eight sub-themes have emerged from the data. The themes were individual-level challenges, health system-level challenges, and hope for the future. Sub-themes for individual-level challenges were: fear of getting or transmitting infection, financial stressors, stress due to turning away those patients who need care, anxiety due to the general public's lack of compliance with preventive measures, physical exhaustion, and fatigue. For the healthcare system, sub-themes were: issues with logistics and management of the hospital/healthcare system and lack of focus on providing air conditioning to address heat due to PPEs and sub-themes under hope for the future were the improved disease knowledge and vaccine development. Conclusion Despite a lower level of completion, our study identified possible use of a ubiquitously available mobile app to collect longitudinal real-time data from FHCWs during the initial period of the pandemic. The overall perceptions and experiences of FHCWs evolved from negative to positive as the curve of COVID-19 went down.