scholarly journals Plasma Inflammatory Cytokines and Depressed Patients With Comorbid Pain: Improvement by Ketamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Zhou ◽  
Chengyu Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Lan ◽  
Hanqiu Li ◽  
Ziyuan Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Depression and pain frequently coexist clinically. Ketamine has analgesic and antidepressant effects, but few studies have evaluated individual differences in antidepressant outcomes to repeated ketamine in depressed patients with comorbid pain. Our aims were to determine the difference in ketamine’s antidepressant effects in depressed patients with or without pain and then to examine whether inflammatory cytokines might contribute to ketamine’s effect. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with major depressive disorder received six infusions of ketamine. Plasma levels of 19 inflammatory cytokines were assessed at baseline and post-infusion (day 13 and day 26) using the Luminex assay. Plasma inflammatory cytokines of sixty healthy controls (HCs) were also examined. Results: At baseline, the levels of GM-CSF, IL-1β and IL-6 were higher in pain group than in non-pain and HC groups. Pain group had better antidepressant outcomes than non-pain group. Pain group showed a greater decrease in IL-6 at day 13 and a greater decrease in IL-10, MIP-3α, IL-1β, IL-5 and IL-6 at day 26 than non-pain group. In the pain group, the changes in IL-6 levels were associated with improvement in pain intensity (β=0.347, t=2.159, P=0.038) and depressive symptoms (β=0.590, t=4.201, P<0.001) at day 13. The Sobel test showed indirect effects between decreases in IL-6 levels and improvement in depressive symptoms (Z=2.026, P=0.043).Conclusion: This study suggested that an elevated inflammatory response plays a key role in individual differences in depressed patients with or without pain. Ketamine showed great antidepressant and analgesic effects in depressed patients with pain, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect.

scholarly journals Plasma inflammatory cytokines and treatment-resistant depression with comorbid pain: improvement by ketamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Zhou ◽  
Chengyu Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Lan ◽  
Hanqiu Li ◽  
Ziyuan Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Resistant Depression

Abstract Background Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and pain frequently coexist clinically. Ketamine has analgesic and antidepressant effects, but few studies have evaluated individual differences in antidepressant outcomes to repeated ketamine in TRD patients with comorbid pain. Our aims were to determine the difference in ketamine’s antidepressant effects in TRD patients with or without pain and then to examine whether inflammatory cytokines might contribute to ketamine’s effect. Methods Sixty-six patients with TRD received six infusions of ketamine. Plasma levels of 19 inflammatory cytokines were assessed at baseline and post-infusion (day 13 and day 26) using the Luminex assay. Plasma inflammatory cytokines of sixty healthy controls (HCs) were also examined. Results TRD patients with pain had a higher antidepressant response rate (χ2 = 4.062, P = 0.044) and remission rate (χ2 = 4.062, P = 0.044) than patients without pain. Before ketamine treatment, GM-CSF and IL-6 levels were higher in the pain group than in the non-pain and HC groups. In the pain group, levels of TNF-α and IL-6 at day 13 and GM-CSF, fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-10, MIP-3α, IL-12P70, IL-17α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-23, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, MIP-1β, and TNF-α at day 26 were lower than those at baseline; in the non-pain group, TNF-α levels at day 13 and day 26 were lower than those at baseline. In the pain group, the changes of IL-6 were associated with improvement in pain intensity (β = 0.333, P = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.478, P = 0.005) at day 13. Path analysis showed the direct (β = 2.995, P = 0.028) and indirect (β = 0.867, P = 0.042) effects of changes of IL-6 on improvement in depressive symptoms both were statistically significant. Conclusion This study suggested that an elevated inflammatory response plays a critical role in individual differences in TRD patients with or without pain. Ketamine showed great antidepressant and analgesic effects in TRD patients with pain, which may be related to its effects on modulating inflammation. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR-OOC-17012239. Registered on 26 May 2017

scholarly journals Effect of switching glatiramer acetate formulation from 20 mg daily to 40 mg three times weekly on immune function in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205521732110323
Author(s):  
Kouichi Ito ◽  
Naoko Ito ◽  
Sudhir K Yadav ◽  
Shradha Suresh ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Annualized Relapse Rate ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background Many RRMS patients who had been treated for over 20 years with GA 20 mg/ml daily (GA20) switched to 40 mg/ml three times-a-week (GA40) to reduce injection-related adverse events. Although GA40 is as effective as GA20 in reducing annualized relapse rate and MRI activity, it remains unknown how switching to GA40 from GA20 affects the development of pathogenic and regulatory immune cells. Objective To investigate the difference in immunological parameters in response to GA20 and GA40 treatments. Methods We analyzed five pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-23, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α), and three anti-inflammatory/regulatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, and IL-27) in serum. In addition, we analyzed six cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-27) in cultured PBMC supernatants. The development of Th1, Th17, Foxp3 Tregs, M1-like, and M2-like macrophages were examined by flow cytometry. Samples were analyzed before and 12 months post switching to GA40 or GA20. Results Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable between the GA40 and GA20 groups. Development of Th1, Th17, M1-like macrophages, M2-like macrophages, and Foxp3 Tregs was also comparable between the two groups. Conclusions The immunological parameters measured in RRMS patients treated with GA40 three times weekly are largely comparable to those given daily GA20 treatment.

scholarly journals Agomelatine Increases BDNF Serum Levels in Depressed Patients in Correlation with the Improvement of Depressive Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. pyw003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Martinotti ◽  
Mauro Pettorruso ◽  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Paola Annunziata Varasano ◽  
Gabriella Lucidi Pressanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Depressed Patients

Depressive symptoms and inflammatory cytokines in women with preterm and term delivery

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S12
Author(s):  
E. Fransson ◽  
A. Hjelmstedt ◽  
A. Dubicke ◽  
B. Byström ◽  
M. Lekander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Term Delivery

Abstract 17321: Race Differences in Hemodynamic Responses to Acute Mental Stress and the Role of Depressive Symptoms

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobina A Wilmot ◽  
Ibhar Al Mheid ◽  
Ronnie Ramadan ◽  
Pratik M Pimple ◽  
Amit J Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hemodynamic Reactivity ◽  
Different Response

Introduction: Increased hemodynamic responses to psychological stress have been associated with adverse CAD events. African Americans (AA) have worse CAD outcomes than other groups. Heightened hemodynamic responses to stress may play a role. Our hypothesis was that AA would have higher hemodynamic reactivity to a standardized mental stress compared to Non-African Americans (NAA). Methods: We evaluated 574 patients (163 AA) with CAD, who underwent a standardized mental stress challenge. Hemodynamics were obtained at rest, during stress (speaking task), and during recovery. The rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated as systolic blood pressure (SBP) x heart rate (HR). Hemodynamic reactivity was evaluated as the difference in RPP at rest and during stress. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). Results: As compared to NAA, AA patients were younger, had lower education and income, and higher prevalence of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and depressive symptoms (BDI mean scores 9.8 vs. 7.6, p= 0.003). AA patients had higher blood pressure during all three periods (Table). However, hemodynamic reactivity with stress was significantly lower in AA than NAA (RPP reactivity 3114 vs 3620, p= 0.02). Adjusting for baseline RPP, age, gender and smoking did not substantially alter the association. However, after adjusting for depressive symptoms, the association was attenuated by 23% (p=0.16). BMI, diabetes and beta-blocker use had minimal additional explanatory role. In the final model, baseline RPP, depressive symptoms and BMI were significantly associated with a lower RPP reactivity (p<0.01). Conclusion: AA patients with CAD, compared with NAA, have elevated blood pressure throughout mental stress, but tend to have blunted hemodynamic reactivity to stress. Depressive symptoms, which are more elevated among AA, play a role in this different response to stress and may be implicated in the higher CAD risk of this group.

The state of dispositional mindfulness research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Alfons Karl ◽  
Ronald Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
The Difference

Objectives We present a bibliometric review of research on trait mindfulness published from 2005 till 2021 to determine the current state of the field and identify research trajectories. Methods A search conducted on Jan 30, 2021 using the search terms “trait mindfulness” OR “dispositional mindfulness” in the Web of Science Core Collection identified 1,229 documents. Results Using keyword-based network analyses, the various clusters suggested two major approaches in the field, one focusing on cognitive attentional processes, and a second approach that encompasses a wider field of well-being and clinical research topics. We also increasing consolidation of research fields over time, with research on wider individual differences such as personality being subsumed into clinically and wellbeing-oriented research topics. More recently, a distinct theme focused on the validity of measurement of mindfulness emerged. In addition to general patterns in the field, we examined the global distribution of trait mindfulness research. Research output was substantially skewed towards North American-based researchers with less international collaborations. Chinese researchers nevertheless also produced research at significant rates. Comparing the difference in research topics between China and the US-based researchers we found substantial differences with US research emphasizing meditation and substance abuse issues, whereas researchers from China focused on methodological questions. Conclusions Overall, our review indicates that research on trait mindfulness might profit from conceptual and cultural realignment, with greater focus on individual differences research in other areas of psychology to complement the strong clinical and cognitive focus we well as also stronger cross-cultural and comparative studies.

Efficacy and tolerability of Lavandula angustifolia in treating patients with the diagnosis of depression: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shamabadi ◽  
Shahin Akhondzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
And Control

Abstract Pharmacotherapy is the conventional treatment for depression, with only half of the patients responding to the first trial of monotherapy with first-line medicines. One way to overcome this resistance is to use complementary and alternative medicine. The antidepressant effects of Lavandula angustifolia, which is commonly called lavender, have been investigated in previous studies. This study aims to provide the first systematic review of lavender in treating patients with depression diagnosis. ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and three trial registries were searched until May 2020 to find randomized controlled trials on lavender for depressed patients. The primary outcome was difference between the intervention and control groups in changing depression scores from baseline to endpoint. The included studies were assessed for effect size and methodological quality. Seven clinical trials were identified, in which 852 patients were studied. In six trials, the effectiveness of lavender in treating depression was reported, as being more pronounced adjunct to a typical antidepressant in one study. Significant reported side effects include headaches and eructation. Lavender is beneficial, tolerable, and safe in treating depression. Despite obtaining promising results, they are not enough to recommend prescribing lavender to depressed patients. Further high-quality, large-scale studies for rectifying the shortcomings of existing studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Cytokine Patterns in Brain Tumour Progression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Albulescu ◽  
Elena Codrici ◽  
Ionela Daniela Popescu ◽  
Simona Mihai ◽  
Laura Georgiana Necula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
System Response ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Immune System Response

Inflammation represents the immune system response to external or internal aggressors such as injury or infection in certain tissues. The body’s response to cancer has many parallels with inflammation and repair; the inflammatory cells and cytokines present in tumours are more likely to contribute to tumour growth, progression, and immunosuppression, rather than in building an effective antitumour defence. Using new proteomic technology, we have investigated serum profile of pro- (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), along with angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF) in order to assess tumoural aggressiveness. Our results indicate significant dysregulation in serum levels of cytokines and angiogenic factors, with over threefold upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 and up to twofold upregulation of VEGF, FGF-2, IL-8, IL-2, and GM-CSF. These molecules are involved in tumour progression and aggressiveness, and are also involved in a generation of disease associated pain.

scholarly journals Aqueous humor cytokine levels through microarray analysis and a sub-analysis based on optical coherence tomography in wet age-related macular degeneration patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyejee Kim ◽  
Jae-Ho Shin ◽  
Sang Woong Moon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Wet Amd

Abstract Background To identify disease-specific cytokine and growth factor profile differences in the aqueous humor between wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and age-matched controls and to correlate their levels with the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Methods Aqueous humors were obtained from 13 wet AMD eyes and 10 control eyes. Twenty cytokines and growth factors were measured using a RayBio antibody microarray technology in wet AMD and control eyes. Results The samples obtained from wet AMD patients exhibited a significantly increased expression of MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Subretinal fluid (SRF) patients showed significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α and GM-CSF, than those without SRF. Pigment epithelial detachments (PED) patients showed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, than those without PED. Subretinal tissue (SRT) patients showed a higher level of IFN-γ than those without SRT. Compared with the controls, type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) patients showed increased levels of MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, but not VEGF (p = 0.083). However, type 2 MNV patients showed increased levels of MCP-1 and VEGF (p = 0.040 and p = 0.040). Conclusion Inflammatory cytokines varied according to the type of AMD- and OCT-based parameters. Our observation of low levels of VEGF in patients with type 1 MNV implies that the inhibition of VEGF alone appears to be insufficient treatment for these patients and that cytokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β should be modulated. And the presence of SRF in MNV may be associated with a positive prognosis because we found relatively low levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Home assessment of visual working memory in pre-schoolers reveals associations between behaviour, brain activation and environmental measures.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobanawartiny Wijeakumar ◽  
Eva Rafetseder ◽  
Yee Lee Shing ◽  
Courtney McKay
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
School Children ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parietal Cortices

Visual working memory (VWM) is reliably predictive of fluid intelligence and academic achievements. The objective of the current study was to investigate the nature of individual differences in pre-schoolers by examining the relationship between behaviour-brain function underlying VWM processing and parent-reported measures. We used a portable 8 x 8 channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy system to record from the frontal and parietal cortices of 4.5-year-old pre-school children (N=74) as they completed a colour change detection VWM task in their homes. Parents were asked to fill in questionnaires on temperament, academic aspirations, home environment, and life stress. Children were median-split into a low-performing (LP) and a high-performing (HP) group based on the number of items they could successfully remember during the task. LPs increasingly activated the bilateral frontal and parietal cortices with increasing load, whereas HPs showed no difference in activation across the loads. Our findings suggested that LPs recruited more neural resources when their VWM capacity was challenged. We employed mediation analyses to examine the association between the difference in activation between the highest and lowest loads, and variables from the questionnaires. The difference in activation in the right parietal cortex partially mediated the association between parent-reported stressful life events and VWM performance. Specifically, a higher number of stressful events was associated with lower VWM performance. Critically, our findings show that the association between VWM capacity, right parietal activation, and indicators of life stress is important to understand the nature of individual differences in VWM in pre-school children.

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