scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of a Short Scale for Assessing Psychological Violence in Peruvian Health Professionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fidel Abregú Tueros ◽  
Roger dos Santos Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Psychometric Studies

Abstract Objective: Psychological violence at work is becoming more acute in the health sector due to the precariousness of psychosocial work conditions at a global scale. To date, there have been no psychometric studies to classify this situation. The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the psychological violence scale in health professionals (PVS-Health) among the Peruvian population.Results: The study included 188 professionals from ten care centres in Peru. Two groups of 94 subjects were formed: subjects who had experienced psychological violence at work (PVW) and subjects who had not experienced. The average age was 36.8 ± 10.5 years; 59% of the sample were women. The subjects’ work experience ranged between 1 to 35 years. The analysis based on the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve concludes significantly: a) area under the curve, AUC x 0.974; standard error, SE x 0.10; p < 0.0003 (95% CI – 0.954 – 0.994), showing adequate randomness; b) cut-off point for maximum sensitivity (S x 0.94) and specificity (E x 0.89) was 35 out of 73 as the maximum score; and c) PVS-Health effectively distinguish subjects with PVW from those without PVW (89% with PVW, 94% of those without).

scholarly journals Prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in Iran and its related factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Aghayan ◽  
Zahra Bagherian ◽  
Pouneh Zolfaghari ◽  
Batoul Daghyanous ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background: Workplace violence is a relatively common problem in most jobs. The medical personnel especially nursing staff has been exposed to a great deal of violence from patients, companions, and colleagues, and it is necessary to determine its frequency by controlling it. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence against nurses. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive study which was performed among 200 qualified nursing staff working in Imam Hossain Hospital in Shahroud of Iran. In this study, after selecting individuals and obtaining informed consent, demographic and workplace violence questionnaires in health sector were collected. Results: Of the 200 participants, 177 (88.5%) were female and the rest were male. The mean age of the participants was 35.8 ± 13.5 years. 81.5% of who were nurses. Also, was showed that psychological violence with the prevalence of 68.5% during the last year was the most violent occurrence against the nurses working in this center. Workplace violence variables were significantly associated with job of nurses (p<0.033), work experience of less than 5 years (p<0.027), work of service in emergency ward (p<0.029), work shift of nurses in circulate shirt (p<0.001), violent male sex (p<0.036) and time of violence in discharge time (p<0.011). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the incidence of violence against nurses was relatively common and the most frequent was psychological abuse. Although it is not easy to accurately calculate violence against medical staff, it is important to carefully examine the same.

scholarly journals Interprofessional collaboration among health professionals in cleft lip and palate treatment and care in the public health sector of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phumzile Hlongwa ◽  
Laetitia C. Rispel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Collaborative Leadership ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Group Function ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
Effective Group

Abstract Background Collaboration among different categories of health professionals is essential for quality patient care, especially for individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study examined interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among health professionals in all CLP specialised centres in South Africa’s public health sector. Methods During 2017, a survey was conducted among health professionals at all the specialised CLP centres in South Africa’s public health sector. Following informed consent, each member of the CLP team completed a self-administered questionnaire on IPC, using the Interprofessional Competency Framework Self-Assessment Tool. The IPC questionnaire consists of seven domains with 51 items: care expertise (8 items); shared power (4 items); collaborative leadership (10 items); shared decision-making (2 items); optimising professional role and scope (10 items); effective group function (9 items); and competent communication (8 items). STATA®13 was used to analyse the data. Descriptive analysis of participants and overall mean scores were computed for each domain and analysed using ANOVA. All statistical tests were conducted at 5% significance level. Results We obtained an 87% response rate, and 52 participants completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants were female 52% (n = 27); with a mean age of 41.9 years (range 22–72). Plastic surgeons accounted for 38.5% of all study participants, followed by speech therapists (23.1%), and professional nurses (9.6%). The lowest mean score of 2.55 was obtained for effective group function (SD + -0.50), and the highest mean score of 2.92 for care expertise (SD + -0.37). Explanatory factor analysis showed that gender did not influence IPC, but category of health professional predicted scores on the five categories of shared power (p = 0.01), collaborative leadership (p = 0.04), optimising professional role and scope (p = 0.03), effective group function (p = 0.01) and effective communication (p = 0.04). Conclusion The seven IPC categories could be used as a guide to develop specific strategies to enhance IPC among CLP teams. Institutional support and leadership combined with patient-centred, continuing professional development in multi-disciplinary meetings will also enrich IPC.

scholarly journals A diabetes risk score for Qatar utilizing a novel mathematical modeling approach to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne F. Awad ◽  
Soha R. Dargham ◽  
Amine A. Toumi ◽  
Elsy M. Dumit ◽  
Katie G. El-Nahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Representative Random Sample ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

AbstractWe developed a diabetes risk score using a novel analytical approach and tested its diagnostic performance to detect individuals at high risk of diabetes, by applying it to the Qatari population. A representative random sample of 5,000 Qataris selected at different time points was simulated using a diabetes mathematical model. Logistic regression was used to derive the score using age, sex, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity as predictive variables. Performance diagnostics, validity, and potential yields of a diabetes testing program were evaluated. In 2020, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.79 and sensitivity and specificity were 79.0% and 66.8%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 36.1% and 93.0%, with 42.0% of Qataris being at high diabetes risk. In 2030, projected AUC was 0.78 and sensitivity and specificity were 77.5% and 65.8%. PPV and NPV were 36.8% and 92.0%, with 43.0% of Qataris being at high diabetes risk. In 2050, AUC was 0.76 and sensitivity and specificity were 74.4% and 64.5%. PPV and NPV were 40.4% and 88.7%, with 45.0% of Qataris being at high diabetes risk. This model-based score demonstrated comparable performance to a data-derived score. The derived self-complete risk score provides an effective tool for initial diabetes screening, and for targeted lifestyle counselling and prevention programs.

scholarly journals Effect of Work–Family Conflict, Psychological Job Demand, and Job Control on the Health Status of Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Li-Chung Pien ◽  
Wan‐Ju Cheng ◽  
Kuei-Ru Chou ◽  
Li-Chiu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Work Shifts ◽  
Work Family

Work–family conflicts (WFCs) are common in the healthcare sector and pose significant health risks to healthcare workers. This study examined the effect of WFCs on the health status and nurses’ leaving intentions in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 200 female nurses’ experiences of WFC from a regional hospital. Data on psychosocial work conditions, including work shifts, job control, psychological job demands, and workplace justice, were collected. Health conditions were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and self-rated health. Leaving intentions were measured using a self-developed questionnaire. The participants’ average work experience was 6.79 (Standard Deviation (SD) = 5.26) years, their highest educational level was university, and work shifts were mostly night and rotating shifts. Approximately 75.5% of nurses perceived high levels of WFCs. Leaving intentions were correlated with WFCs (r = 0.350, p < 0.01) and psychological work demands (r = 0.377, p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, educational level, and work characteristics, high levels of WFCs were associated with poor self-rated health, and depression, but not associated with high leaving intentions. Nurses’ experiences of high levels of WFCs greatly affected their health status.

scholarly journals Deep learning for accurately recognizing common causes of shoulder pain on radiographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils F. Grauhan ◽  
Stefan M. Niehues ◽  
Robert A. Gaudin ◽  
Sarah Keller ◽  
Janis L. Vahldiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Test Dataset ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
Common Causes

Abstract Objective Training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect the most common causes of shoulder pain on plain radiographs and to assess its potential value in serving as an assistive device to physicians. Materials and methods We used a CNN of the ResNet-50 architecture which was trained on 2700 shoulder radiographs from clinical practice of multiple institutions. All radiographs were reviewed and labeled for six findings: proximal humeral fractures, joint dislocation, periarticular calcification, osteoarthritis, osteosynthesis, and joint endoprosthesis. The trained model was then evaluated on a separate test dataset, which was previously annotated by three independent expert radiologists. Both the training and the test datasets included radiographs of highly variable image quality to reflect the clinical situation and to foster robustness of the CNN. Performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the thereof derived AUC as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results The developed CNN demonstrated a high accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.871 for detecting fractures, 0.896 for joint dislocation, 0.945 for osteoarthritis, and 0.800 for periarticular calcifications. It also detected osteosynthesis and endoprosthesis with near perfect accuracy (AUC 0.998 and 1.0, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 and 0.86 for fractures, 0.95 and 0.65 for joint dislocation, 0.90 and 0.86 for osteoarthrosis, and 0.60 and 0.89 for calcification. Conclusion CNNs have the potential to serve as an assistive device by providing clinicians a means to prioritize worklists or providing additional safety in situations of increased workload.

scholarly journals Preoperative bariatric surgery programme barriers facing Pacific patients in Auckland, New Zealand as perceived by health sector professionals: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e029525
Author(s):  
Tamasin Taylor ◽  
Wendy Wrapson ◽  
Ofa Dewes ◽  
Nalei Taufa ◽  
Richard J Siegert
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Pacific Health ◽  
Emotional Safety ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Minority ethnic patient groups typically have the highest bariatric surgery preoperative attrition rates and lowest surgery utilisation worldwide. Eligible patients of Pacific Island ethnicity (Pacific patients) in New Zealand (NZ) follow this wider trend.ObjectivesThe present study explored structural barriers contributing to Pacific patients’ disproportionately high preoperative attrition rates from publicly-funded bariatric surgery in Auckland, NZ.SettingPublicly-funded bariatric surgery programmes based in the wider Auckland area, NZ.DesignSemi-structured interviews with health sector professionals (n=21) were conducted.Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsTwo primary themes were identified: (1) Confidence negotiating the medical system, which included Emotional safety in clinical settings and Relating to non-Pacific health professionals and (2) Appropriate support to achieve preoperative goals, which included Cultural considerations, Practical support and Relating health information. Clinical environments and an under-representation of Pacific staff were considered to be barriers to developing emotional safety, trust and acceptance of the surgery process with patients and their families. Additionally, economic deprivation and lower health literacy impacted preoperative goals.ConclusionsHealth professionals’ accounts indicated that Pacific patients face substantial levels of disconnection in bariatric surgery programmes. Increasing representation of Pacific ethnicity by employing more Pacific health professionals in bariatric teams and finding novel solutions to implement preoperative programme components have the potential to reduce this disconnect. Addressing cultural competency of staff, increasing consultancy times and working in community settings may enable staff to better support Pacific patients and their families. Programme structures could be more accommodating to practical barriers of attending appointments, managing patients’ preoperative health goals and improving patients’ health literacy. Given that Pacific populations, and other patients from minority ethnic backgrounds living globally, also face high rates of obesity and barriers accessing bariatric surgery, our findings are likely to have broader applicability.

scholarly journals Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for acute kidney injury in children after cardiac surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Meta Herdiana Hanindita ◽  
Riskky Vitria Prasetyo ◽  
Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso ◽  
I Ketut Alit Utamayasa ◽  
Paul Tahalele
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Plasma Ngal ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still diagnosed by measuring the estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl), despite the fact that it may not change until 50% or more of kidney function has been lost. AKI after cardiac surgery is related to prolonged intensive care, decreased quality of life, and increased long term mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) represents an early biomarker of AKI, which may be useful for assessing AKI in cardiac patients.Objective To determine the validity of urinary and plasma NGAL as biomarkers for AKI in children after cardiac surgery.Methods Subjects were children who underwent cardiac surgery in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from August 2013 to January 2014. Serial urine and blood samples were analyzed for NGAL before surgery, as well as at 2h, 4h, 12h, and 24h after surgery. The AKI was established based on pRIFLE criteria. Estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl) was calculated from the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), according to age by the traditional Schwartz formula. Serum creatinine was assayed by the Jaffe method before surgery, as well as at 12h, 24h, 48h, and 72h after surgery.Results Of 20 subjects, 5 developed AKI. Urinary and plasma NGAL increased markedly at 2h postoperatively, as compared to eGFR which showed a rise at 12-48 h after cardiac surgery. Analysis of 2h post-operative urinary NGAL at a cut off value of 11.270ng/mL yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00 (95%CI 2.63 to 12.13), with sensitivity and specificity of 100% each for AKI. In addition, 2h post-operative plasma NGAL at a cut off value of 8.385 ng/mL yielded an AUC of 1.00 (95%CI 3.71 to 12.15) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% each for AKI.Conclusion Urinary and plasma NGAL are valid as early biomarkers for AKI in children after cardiac surgery.

scholarly journals Predictive accuracy of risk scales following self-harm: Multicentre, prospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Quinlivan ◽  
Jayne Cooper ◽  
Declan Meehan ◽  
Damien Longson ◽  
John Potokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundScales are widely used in psychiatric assessments following self-harm. Robust evidence for their diagnostic use is lacking.AimsTo evaluate the performance of risk scales (Manchester Self-Harm Rule, ReACT Self-Harm Rule, SAD PERSONS scale, Modified SAD PERSONS scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale); and patient and clinician estimates of risk in identifying patients who repeat self-harm within 6 months.MethodA multisite prospective cohort study was conducted of adults aged 18 years and over referred to liaison psychiatry services following self-harm. Scale a priori cut-offs were evaluated using diagnostic accuracy statistics. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine optimal cut-offs and compare global accuracy.ResultsIn total, 483 episodes of self-harm were included in the study. The episode-based 6-month repetition rate was 30% (n = 145). Sensitivity ranged from 1% (95% CI 0–5) for the SAD PERSONS scale, to 97% (95% CI 93–99) for the Manchester Self-Harm Rule. Positive predictive values ranged from 13% (95% CI 2–47) for the Modified SAD PERSONS Scale to 47% (95% CI 41–53) for the clinician assessment of risk. The AUC ranged from 0.55 (95% CI 0.50–0.61) for the SAD PERSONS scale to 0.74 (95% CI 0.69–0.79) for the clinician global scale. The remaining scales performed significantly worse than clinician and patient estimates of risk (P < 0.001).ConclusionsRisk scales following self-harm have limited clinical utility and may waste valuable resources. Most scales performed no better than clinician or patient ratings of risk. Some performed considerably worse. Positive predictive values were modest. In line with national guidelines, risk scales should not be used to determine patient management or predict self-harm.

scholarly journals Study of the sensitivity and specificity of smell and taste disorders as a predictive factor of SARS-CoV-2 infection among primary care healthcare professionals

BJGP Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. BJGPO.2021.0141
Author(s):  
Anna Ruiz-Comellas ◽  
Pere Roura Poch ◽  
Glòria Sauch Valmaña ◽  
Víctor Guadalupe-Fernández ◽  
Jacobo Mendioroz Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Taste Disorders ◽  
Smell Disorders ◽  
Taste And Smell

Backgroundamong the manifestations of COVID-19 are Taste and Smell Disorders (TSDs).AimThe aim of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TSDs and other associated symptoms to estimate predictive values for determining SARS-CoV-2 infection.Design and settingRetrospective observational study.Methodsa study of the sensitivity and specificity of TSDs has been carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as the Gold Standard value. Logistic regressions adjusted for age and sex were performed to identify additional symptoms that might be associated with COVID-19.Resultsthe results are based on 226 healthcare workers with clinical symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, 116 with positive PCR and 111 with negative PCR. TSDs had an OR of 12.43 (CI 0.95 6.33–26.19), sensitivity 60.34% and specificity 89.09%. In the logistic regression model, the association of TSD, fever or low-grade fever, shivering, dyspnoea, arthralgia and myalgia obtained an area under the curve of 85.7% (CI 0.95: 80.7 % - 90.7 %), sensitivity 82.8 %, specificity 80% and positive predictive values 81.4% and negative 81.5%.ConclusionsTSDs are a strong predictor of COVID-19. The association of TSD, fever, low-grade fever or shivering, dyspnoea, arthralgia and myalgia correctly predicts 85.7% of the results of the COVID-19 test.

scholarly journals Analysis of the level and features of emotional intelligence of staff of the State Employment Service of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2-3 (20) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Yana Dubyaga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
State Employment

Introduction. Social, political and economic transformations, which have been taking place in Ukraine, set strict requirements for the professionalism of staff of the State Employment Service of Ukraine in terms of emotional awareness and emotional flexibility, which are necessary for providing good social services to clients with negative emotional manifestations. Therefore, studying the level and socio-demographic and professional characteristics of the emotional intelligence of staff of the State Employment Service of Ukraine is of great importance. The aim was to empirically investigate the levels and socio-demographic and professional characteristics of the State Employment Service of Ukraine staff's emotional intelligence. Research methods. The instruments used included N. Hall's The Level of Emotional Intelligence and mathematical statistics (descriptive statistics, variance and correlation analyzes). Research results. It was found that a significant number of the staff of the State Employment Service of Ukraine had low level of emotional intelligence, which had certain relationships with staff's gender, age, work experience and profession-relevant characteristics. Conclusions. Underdeveloped emotional intelligence and its components among the staff of the State Employment Service of Ukraine can negatively affect their work performance. A special emotional intelligence development training program designed in line with this research findings can promote State Employment Service of Ukraine staff's work efficiency in stressful work conditions.

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