scholarly journals Video Reflexive Ethnography Methodology to Explore the Use of Variable Rate Intravenous Insulin Infusions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mais Iflaifel ◽  
Rosemary H Lim ◽  
Clare Crowley ◽  
Francesca Greco ◽  
Rick Iedema
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Learning From Errors ◽  
Intravenous Insulin ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Full Picture

Abstract Background: The use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) is a complex process that has consistently been implicated in reports of error and consequent harm. Investment in patient safety has focused mainly on learning from errors, though this has yet to be proved to reduce error rates. The Resilient Health Care approach advocates learning from everyday practices. Video reflexive ethnography (VRE) is an innovative methodology used to capture, reflect on and thereby improve these. This study set out to explore the use of VRIII with VRE, a secondary aim being to describe VRE’s feasibility and acceptability. Methods: This study was conducted in a Vascular Surgery Unit. Quantitative data (e.g. blood glucose measurements) were collected from electronic patient records. Qualitative data were collected using VRE methodology. The latter involved videoing healthcare practitioners caring for patients treated with VRIII and discussing the resulting video-clips with participants in reflexive meetings. Transcripts of these were subjected to thematic analysis and the quantitative data used to judge the outcomes of the video-observed tasks. Feasibility in relation to recruitment and data collection, as well as the acceptability of using VRE, were assessed based on participant responses during the study.Results: The use of VRE in conjunction with quantitative data revealed that context-dependent adaptations (seeking verbal orders to treat hypoglycaemia) and standardised practices (using VRIII guidelines) were strategies used in everyday work. Reflexive meetings highlighted the challenges faced while using VRIII (lack of knowledge of the appropriate medications to be prescribed with VRIII) and encouraged participants to suggest solutions (face-to-face, VRIII-focused training). The use of VRE was judged acceptable, based on the researcher’s interpretation of participants’ willingness to participate, and feasible, since all patients and 83% of the healthcare practitioners who were approached to participate agreed to do so. Conclusions: VRE deepened understanding of VRIII by shedding light on its essential tasks and the challenges and adaptations entailed by its use. The use of VRE to explore VRIII in a single unit was judged feasible and acceptable. However, future research might focus on collecting data across various units and hospitals to develop a full picture of the use of VRIIIs.

Regenerative flow pumps, blowers and compressors – A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092110181
Author(s):  
M Sreekanth ◽  
R Sivakumar ◽  
M Sai Santosh Pavan Kumar ◽  
K Karunamurthy ◽  
MB Shyam Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Specific Speed ◽  
Regenerative Flow ◽  
Product Description

This paper presents a detailed and objective review of regenerative flow turbomachines, namely pumps, blowers and compressors. Several aspects of turbomachines like design and operating parameters, working principle, flow behaviour, performance parameters and analytical and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) related details have been reviewed and summarized. Experimental work has been put in perspective and the most useful results for optimized performance have been presented. Consolidated plots of specific speed-specific diameter have been plotted which can be helpful in the early stages of design. Industrial outlook involving details of suppliers from various parts of the world, their product description and applications too are included. Finally, future research work to be carried out to make these machines widespread is suggested. This review is targeted at designer engineers who would need quantitative data to work with.

Working with Industrial Cobots: The Influence of Reliability and Transparency on Perception and Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Lina Kluy ◽  
Eileen Roesler
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Human Robot Collaboration ◽  
Positive Effect

Industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) is not yet widely spread but on the rise. This development raises the question about properties collaborative robots (cobots) need, to enable a pleasant and smooth interaction. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of transparency and reliability on perception of and trust towards cobots. A video-enhanced online study with 124 participants was conducted. Transparency was provided through the presentation of differing information, and reliability was manipulated through differing error rates. The results showed a positive effect of transparency on perceived safety and intelligence. Reliability had a positive effect on perceived intelligence, likeability and trust. The effect of reliability on trust was more pronounced for low transparent robots. The results indicate the relevance of carefully selected information to counteract negative effects of failures. Future research should transfer the study design into a real-life experiment with more fine-grained levels of transparency and reliability.

An Exploration of Bank Confirmation Process Automation: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Caster ◽  
Randal J. Elder ◽  
Diane J. Janvrin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
The U.S

This exploratory study examines automation of the bank confirmation process using longitudinal data set from the largest third-party U.S. confirmation service provider supplemented with informal interviews with practitioners. We find a significant increase in electronic confirmation use in the U.S. and internationally. Errors requiring reconfirmation were less than two percent of all electronic confirmations. Errors made by auditors were almost five times more likely than errors by bank employees. Most auditor errors involved use of an invalid account number, although invalid client contact, invalid request, and invalid company name errors increased recently. Big 4 auditors made significantly more confirmation errors than did auditors at non-Big 4 national firms. Error rates and error types do not vary between confirmations initiated in the U.S. and those initiated internationally. Three themes emerged for future research: authentication of evidence, global differences in technology use, and technology adoption across firms of different sizes.

Explaining Participation in Online Communities

2009 ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Bae Brandtzæg ◽  
Jan Heim
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Online Community ◽  
National Sample ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Purpose ◽  
Substantial Growth ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Community Systems

The last few years have seen a substantial growth in online communities such as MySpace and Facebook. In order to survive and increase in size, online community systems must enhance social interaction and participation. This chapter analyzes participation in new online communities, using a combination of the socio-technical perspective and the human-computer interaction perspective. In 2007, both qualitative and quantitative data was collected from questionnaires from five sample groups in Norway—four popular online communities and one national sample of Internet users. The results show that online communities attract like-minded people, but vary in terms of different user types. Most visitors have a clear social purpose, but the level of participation differs with respect to user types and community characteristics. Participation in terms of user-generated content (UGC) differs greatly, depending on the medium used. Most users do not contribute audio-visual UGC, and text is still the main UGC. Possible future research and socio-technical design implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorders in high secure psychiatric care: a review of literature, future research and clinical directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Murphy ◽  
Clare Allely
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Secure Psychiatric Care ◽  
Government Legislation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review available literature targeting the assessment and management of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) admitted to high secure psychiatric care (HSPC). Key areas of examination include the prevalence of ASD in HSPC, how individuals with an ASD differ from other patient groups in clinical and cognitive characteristics, the views of staff regarding patients with an ASD, an exploration of the experiences and quality of life of patients with an ASD, as well as treatment and interventions. Design/methodology/approach A review of the published literature. Findings Although individuals with an ASD comprise a relatively small proportion of the total HSPC cohort, they appear to be over represented relative to the general population prevalence. Several research projects suggest that individuals with an ASD present with difficulties and needs different to other patient groups, as well as being viewed by staff as potentially vulnerable and requiring a different care approach. Individuals with an ASD report both positive and negative aspects to life in HSPC. Practical implications Suggestions are made with regard to how individuals with an ASD might be better managed in HSPC. Following the spirit of various pieces of government legislation such as the Autism Act (2009) and the Equalities Act (2010) the role of a specialist ASD HSPC service is proposed. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed review of the research to date exploring the assessment and management of individuals with an ASD detained in HSPC. It outlines key research findings, highlights limitations with it and provides a personal perspective on future research and clinical targets.

scholarly journals Factors related to sleep behavior in adolescents: a focus group study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vandendriessche ◽  
B Deforche ◽  
M Verloigne
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Behavior Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract Background Adolescents' sleep behavior has deteriorated over the last decades. However, little research has been conducted into possible psychosocial factors related to this behavior, which is an important prerequisite to develop effective sleep behavior interventions. In addition, previous research showed that actively involving adolescents in the development of interventions increases the chance of effectivity and sustainability. This study examined psychosocial factors related to sleep behavior in adolescents and investigated adolescents' willingness to participate in the development of a sleep behavior intervention. Methods Nine focus group interviews were conducted with seventy-two students (63,9% girls, 14.8 (±1.0) years) using a standardized interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded and thematic content analysis was performed using Nvivo 11. Results Adolescents had adequate knowledge of sleep hygiene and short-term consequences of sleep deficiency, but limited knowledge of sleep norms and long-term consequences. Positive attitudes towards sleep were outweighed by positive attitudes towards other behaviours such as screen time. Leisure activities, smartphones, television, schoolwork, early school time and worrying were mentioned as barriers for healthy sleep. Adolescents showed low self-efficacy towards changing their sleep behaviors and perceived a negative social norm towards sleep. Although some adolescents indicated parental rules to have a positive influence on their sleep, others indicated these sometimes provoked frustration. Finally, adolescents emphasized the importance of their participation in the development of a sleep behavior intervention at school, although adult guiding would be needed. Conclusions Future interventions promoting heathy sleep in adolescents could focus on psychosocial factors such as knowledge, attitudes, barriers, self-efficacy and social perceived norm and could involve adolescents in intervention development. Key messages Future interventions promoting heathy sleep in adolescents should in addition to knowledge, also focus on psychosocial factors such as attitudes, self-efficacy and perceived social norms. Adolescents emphasize the importance of their participation in the development of a sleep behavior intervention. This approach could be worth trying in future research.

scholarly journals Harm Experienced from the Heavy Drinking of Family and Friends in the General Population: A Comparative Study of Six Northern European Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. SART.S23746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Ramstedt ◽  
Erica Sundin ◽  
Inger Synnøve Moan ◽  
Elisabet E. Storvoll ◽  
Ingunn Olea Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm ◽  
Related Mortality

Background Epidemiological research on alcohol-related harm has long given priority to studies on harm to the drinker. A limitation with this perspective is that it neglects the harm drinking causes to people around the drinker, and thus, it fails to give a full picture of alcohol-related harm in society. Aim The aim was to compare the prevalence and correlates of experiencing harm from the heavy drinking by family and friends across the Nordic countries and Scotland and to discuss whether potential differences match levels of drinking, prevalence of binge drinking, and alcohol-related mortality. Data and Method Data from recent national general population surveys with similar questions on experiences of harms from the drinking of family and friends were collected from Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Scotland. Results National estimates of the overall population prevalence of harm from the drinking of family and friends ranged from 14% to 28% across these countries, with the highest prevalence in Finland, Iceland, and Norway and lower estimates for Denmark, Sweden, and Scotland. Across all countries, the prevalence of harm from heavy drinking by family and friends was significantly higher among women and young respondents. Conclusion This study revealed large differences in the prevalence of harm across the study countries, as well as by gender and age, but the differences do not match the variation in population drinking and other indicators of harm. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.

Error management: implications for construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E.D. Love ◽  
Jim Smith
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Error Reporting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Error Management ◽  
Learning From Errors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Initial Starting

Purpose Conventional “wisdom” in construction has placed emphasis on error prevention and is often aligned with the concept of “Zero Vision”; improvements to safety and quality have been minimal. An alternative approach is needed to ensure significant improvements in safety and quality; thus, this paper aims to introduce the concept of error management. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the extant literature and draws upon the phenomenological research and observations experienced by the authors. Findings It is promulgated that if quality and safety performance within projects is to improve, then construction organisations and their management need to openly acknowledge their presence so that “learning from errors” can form an integral part of an organisation’s fabric. This will require the institutionalisation of error reporting and an organisational (shared) responsibility for their occurrence. Originality/value The concept of error management has not been addressed previously in the construction literature. The authors introduce the concept and provide implications for management. The observations and experiences presented in this paper provide an initial starting point for future research to explore “how” construction organisations and projects can avoid the negative error consequences and learn to prevent them in the future.

scholarly journals Adoption of Brain-Based Instruction by Higher Education Science and Engineering Departments in Ethiopia: A Quantitative and Qualitative Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataklti Abraha ◽  
Luo Siming
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Based Instruction

Brain-Based Instruction methods have become influential at almost all educational levels. This paper examined the extent to which Natural and Computational Sciences and Engineering instructors in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions apply Brain-Based Instruction principles (i.e., relaxed alertness, orchestrated immersion, and active processing) in their learningteaching process. This paper used a descriptive survey research design with a concurrent mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methodology. A questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data from a random sample of 512 instructors (292 from Natural and Computational Sciences and 220 from Engineering). Qualitative data were gathered from six selected instructors (three from Natural and Computational Sciences and three from Engineering) via a semistructured interview. A pilot study was used to confirm the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed by standard univariate methods. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis. The findings depicted that limited implementation of Brain-Based Instruction principles. Furthermore, the study showed that Higher Diploma Program training and length of teaching experience positively influenced the use of Brain-Based Instruction principles. The paper discusses implications for Brain-Based Instruction in Ethiopia and suggests areas for future research.

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