scholarly journals Modeling the Determinant of Time to Age at First Marriage among Women in Ethiopia using Cox models with mixed effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molalign Gualu Gobena ◽  
Yebelay Berelle Berhan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Background Time to age at first marriage of women is the duration of time until the age at which they started living with their first partner. Time to age at first marriage is widely considered a proxy indicator for the age at which women begin to be exposed to the risks inherent in sexual activity. The purpose is to model the determinant of time to age at first marriage among women in Ethiopia using Cox models with mixed effects. Methods The 2016 EDHS sample was selected using a two-stage cluster design. The data set in this study were obtained from the Demography and Health survey conducted in Ethiopia in 2016. In this study, we used Cox models with mixed effects. Results Of all 15,683 women aged 15–49, 11,405(72.72%) were married and the median & mean age at first marriage for women living in Ethiopia were 17 years and 18 years respectively. Conclusions Based on the AIC criterion Cox frailty survival model (log-normal frailty distribution) was selected among Cox models with mixed effects as a better fit for the dataset. Analyzing based on the selected model showed that residence of women, educational level of women, head occupation, work status of women & head educational level were the most significant factors and religion of women, access to media of women & wealth index of a household were not significant factors at 5% level of significance. The clustering effect was significant and hence there was heterogeneity among the regions on age at first marriage.

Socio-demographic changes in age at first marriage in Malawi: evidence from Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data, 1992–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-845
Author(s):  
Ololade Julius Baruwa ◽  
Acheampong Yaw Amoateng ◽  
Elizabeth Biney
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Health Survey Data

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the social and demographic correlates of the trend in age at first marriage among women in Malawi, using Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 1992 and 2016. Employing Cox Proportional Hazard modelling, the results showed that the mean age at first marriage during the 18-year period remained constant at 17.4 years. Furthermore, across all the surveys, younger women married at an early age compared with their older counterparts. The results further showed that having no education, residing in the Northern region, working, belonging to the middle and rich wealth index categories, and belonging to Tumbuka, Lomwe, Yao, Ngoni and Amanganja/Anyanja ethnicities increased the risk of early marriage. The findings suggest that policies such as promoting access to education for women and enforcing the law that restricts the legal age at which a woman can marry (18 years) should be maintained and enforced in Malawi.

scholarly journals Correlates and Consequences of Delayed Marriage in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Abdul Shukur Abdullah ◽  
Nai Peng Tey ◽  
Irwan Nadzif Mahpul ◽  
Nur Airena Aireen Azman ◽  
Rosdiana Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification Analysis ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
Cross Tabulation

This paper aims to examine the correlates of age at first marriage and the consequences of late marriage. Data for this paper were drawn from the 2014 Malaysian Population and Family Survey. Simple cross-tabulation and multiple classification analysis were used for the analysis. Age at marriage of women varied across socio-economic groups. Among the ethnic groups, the Other Bumiputera entered marriage earliest, followed by the Malays, Indians and Chinese. Age at marriage was positively associated with urbanisation, educational level, and women’s autonomy in marriage. The assumption of modern norms and ideas, and escalating cost of marriage are important determinants of marriage postponement. Late marriage has a direct impact on demographic outcomes, resulting in ultra-low fertility for some groups of the population. Marriage postponement has positive socio-economic outcomes for individuals. However, postponing marriage beyond the prime reproductive age may result in some reproductive health problems.

scholarly journals Determinants of age at first marriage in Ethiopia using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys: Application of Cox Proportional Hazard model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masrie Getnet ◽  
Chaltu Fikru ◽  
Tamrat Shewano
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
First Sex ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Abstract Background Although, determining age at first marriage has a various socioeconomic and demographic implications, available information in Ethiopia is nearly scanty.Methods We used data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The survival information of a total of 15,683 women with reproductive age (15-49) were examined. Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to identify the determinants of age at first marriage.Results The highest probability of getting age at first marriage occurred in the early age of women, whereas the probability of getting age at first marriage were lower in the later age of women. In Ethiopia more than 44% of women were married before turning 18 years. The median age at first marriage was 17 years old. According to multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, significant variables of age at first marriage were; women’s educational level with secondary and above (HR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.80-0.92), regions; Tigray (HR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.43-1.75), Afar (HR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.43-1.78), Amhara (HR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.46-1.79), Oromia (HR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.18-1.45), Somalia (HR=1.4, 95%CI: 1.26-1.57), Benishangul (HR=1.4, 95%CI: 1.25-1.55), Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) (HR=1.4, 95%CI: 1.29-1.60), Gambela (HR=1.5, 95%CI: 1.30-1.62), Harari (HR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.10-1.35) & Driedawa (HR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.20-1.47), women’s from rural residence (HR=1.1, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), Muslim women’s (HR=1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.20), getting first marriage who had first sex <15 years (HR=2.6, 95%CI: 2.44-2.69) & getting first marriage who had first sex ≥ 20 years and household with ≥5 members (HR=1.1, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12) compared to their counterparts.Conclusion Women’s educational level with secondary and above, regions out of Addis Ababa, women’s from rural area, religion being Muslim, women’s who had first sex <15 years, women’s who had first sex ≥ 20 years and household with ≥5 members were the significant determinants of age at first marriage. Women’s with lower education, residing out of Addis Ababa and rural Ethiopia, being Muslim, who had first sex <15 years old and five & more members in the household deserve special attention.

Prevalence and Social Risk Factors of Infertility in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732110221
Author(s):  
Nam Il Kim ◽  
Chalermpol Chamchan ◽  
Kanchana Tangchonlatip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Despite of significant social meaning of childlessness in Vietnam, there have been less scientific interests and social concerns about infertility during the past decades. This study aimed to measure infertility prevalence rate among Vietnamese married women and identifies the risk factors associated with vulnerability of infertility in social perspectives. A total of 11,715 married women aged between 20 and 44 years were selected from two rounds of Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in 2011 and 2014. The study applied a demographic definition of infertility; refers to an absence of live birth in the past 24 months among married women having desire of child and not using any contraceptive method. Primary infertility prevalence was decreased from 1.6% in 2011 to 1.1% in 2014, while secondary infertility increased from 3.5% to 3.7% during the same period. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that age of women and husband, education, wealth index and age at first marriage were significantly associated with primary infertility, while education, wealth index and age at first marriage were significantly associated with secondary infertility. Despite some limitations, this study is helpful to understand infertility dynamics and some influencing factors increasing the risk of infertility in social context of the Vietnam.

BODY MASS INDEX OF MARRIED BANGLADESHI WOMEN: TRENDS AND ASSOCIATION WITH SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. HOSSAIN ◽  
P. BHARATI ◽  
SAW AIK ◽  
PETE E. LESTREL ◽  
ALMASRI ABEER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Assist Intervention ◽  
Age Range

SummaryBody mass index (BMI) is a good indicator of nutritional status in a population. In underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh, this indicator provides a method that can assist intervention to help eradicate many preventable diseases. This study aimed to report on changes in the BMI of married Bangladeshi women who were born in the past three decades and its association with socio-demographic factors. Data for 10,115 married and currently non-pregnant Bangladeshi women were extracted from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). The age range of the sample was 15–49 years. The mean BMI was 20.85±3.66 kg/m2, and a decreasing tendency in BMI was found among birth year cohorts from 1972 to 1992. It was found that the proportion of underweight females has been increasing in those born during the last 20 years of the study period (1972 to 1992). Body mass index increased with increasing age, education level of the woman and her husband, wealth index, age at first marriage and age at first delivery, and decreased with increasing number of ever-born children. Lower BMI was especially pronounced among women who were living in rural areas, non-Muslims, employed women, women not living with their husbands (separated) or those who had delivered at home or non-Caesarean delivery.

scholarly journals Factors influencing desired number of children among Ethiopian women: Application of count regression models.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habitu Liyew Molla ◽  
Essey Kebede Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Desired Family Size

Abstract Background: Desired family size, the number of children wanted in one’s lifetime, is one of the major factors influencing the population dynamics. Knowledge of factors influencing the desired family size is crucial in regulating the population growth. This study assesses the desired family size and its determinants among Ethiopian women. Methods: The study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 13,941 women with complete information were considered in the study. Count regression models, a family of generalized linear models, were used to identify determinant factors for the desired number of children among women in Ethiopia. Results: Results showed that the average number of children per women was 4.5. The highest average was recorded in Somali region (10.58) and the lowest in Addis Ababa city administration (3.56). The random intercept negative binomial regression model was found to be the most appropriate model for the data. Women’s age, household head, contraception using, wealth index, women’s education, religion, marital status, husband’s work, family size and age at first marriage were significantly associated with the desired number of children by women at reproductive age. The study also showed that there was significant regional variation in desired number of children among Ethiopian women. Conclusions: Variables such as women’s age and family size were positively associated with the desired number of children by women at reproductive age while age at first marriage, contraception using, wealth index and women’s education were negatively associated with the desired number of children by women. Women who attained higher level of education preferred small family size compared to women with no formal education. Desire for children was high among mothers from rural areas, women in the poorest economic level and woman having no work. Keywords: Desired number of children, statistical weight, EDHS, Count regression models, multilevel analysis.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age women of Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257664
Author(s):  
Ayenew Kassie Tesema ◽  
Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽  
Adugnaw Zeleke Alem ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Introduction Malnutrition is one of the most devastating problems in Ethiopia and is inextricably linked with poverty. Women in the reproductive age group and children are most vulnerable to malnutrition due to low dietary intakes, inequitable distribution of food within the household, improper food storage and preparation, dietary taboos, infectious diseases, and care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age of Ethiopia. Methods The study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The study included a total sampled weight of 15,139 women aged 15–49 years. The ArcGIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software were used for exploring the spatial distribution of undernutrition. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the individual and community level factors associated with women undernutrition. Finally, the factors which were significant at 95% confidence interval were reported. Result The spatial analysis revealed that women undernutrition was significantly varied across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 144 significant hotspot areas of maternal undernutrition with three significant spatial windows. Of these, 134 clusters were primary. The primary spatial window was identified in the southeast Tigray, northwest Afar, central and north Amhara regions (LLR = 57.48, P<0.01, RR = 1.51). Age at first marriage (AOR = 1.57: CI 1.33, 1.99), middle wealth index (AOR = 3.15: CI 1.4, 6.97), rural residence (AOR = 2.82: CI 1.22, 6.52), being in Afar region, Tigray region and Harari region (AOR = 4.88: CI 1.71, 13.91), (AOR = 4.17: CI 1.57, 11.06) and (AOR = 3.01: CI 1.05, 8.68) respectively were significantly associated with women undernutrition. Conclusion In Ethiopia, undernutrition had significant spatial variations across the country. Residence, age at first marriage, wealth index and region were significantly associated with undernutrition. Therefore, public health interventions that reduce reproductive age women undernutrition and enhance women awareness towards undernutrition in hotspot areas of undernutrition is crucial.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Age at First Marriage among the University Teachers in Algeria: A mix Methodology Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-287
Author(s):  
Chellai Fatih
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Set ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Weibull Proportional Hazard ◽  
The University

This study examines the determinants of age at first marriage among the university teachers in Algeria. A Weibull proportional hazard and multivariable logistic regressions models were used on data set from a survey covering a sample of 682 teachers. The findings revealed that: The median ages at first marriage are: 36 and 39.4 years for men and women, respectively, with a gap of 3.1 and 8 years from the general population. For: birth order, teacher specialty, study place and working before joining the academic staff all together explain a very small percent of the variation of the age at marriage; in contrast, Housing, salaries’ level, and a suitable partner were the hidden factors determining the age at marriage. As policy implications, policy-makers have to focus on these factors in order to help teachers to satisfy this biological and sociological need. JEL Classification: C4; J12

scholarly journals Age at First Marriage of Women in Bangladesh: Levels, Trends and Determinants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salim Zahangir ◽  
Mosammat Zamilun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification Analysis ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Age at first marriage is an important demographic event affecting births, deaths, and women’s and children’s health. This study aims to explore the levels, trends and determinants of age at first marriage of women in Bangladesh. This study utilized data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The univariate (some basic statistics), bivariate (simple cross-tabulation and χ2-test) and multivariate (analysis of covariance, multiple classification analysis and binary logistic regression) techniques were adopted to analyze the data. Age of women at first marriage in Bangladesh has been increasing over time, while the pace is sluggish. Respondent’s education has a strong positive effect on age at marriage. Women with a higher level of education are more likely to get delayed marriage. Current age, religion, region, place of residence and husband’s education are also influential factors affecting age at marriage. Wealth index is partially significant, that is, women from households with economically poor status are significantly more likely to marry early than those from affluent households. The change in age at marriage is associated with major social structural changes such as women’s educational attainment and urbanization process.

Crossover in the Median Age at First Marriage and First Birth: Thirty-Five Years of Change

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey J. Eickmeyer ◽  
Krista K. Payne ◽  
Susan L. Brown ◽  
Wendy D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
First Birth ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage
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