Prevalence and Social Risk Factors of Infertility in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732110221
Author(s):  
Nam Il Kim ◽  
Chalermpol Chamchan ◽  
Kanchana Tangchonlatip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Despite of significant social meaning of childlessness in Vietnam, there have been less scientific interests and social concerns about infertility during the past decades. This study aimed to measure infertility prevalence rate among Vietnamese married women and identifies the risk factors associated with vulnerability of infertility in social perspectives. A total of 11,715 married women aged between 20 and 44 years were selected from two rounds of Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in 2011 and 2014. The study applied a demographic definition of infertility; refers to an absence of live birth in the past 24 months among married women having desire of child and not using any contraceptive method. Primary infertility prevalence was decreased from 1.6% in 2011 to 1.1% in 2014, while secondary infertility increased from 3.5% to 3.7% during the same period. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that age of women and husband, education, wealth index and age at first marriage were significantly associated with primary infertility, while education, wealth index and age at first marriage were significantly associated with secondary infertility. Despite some limitations, this study is helpful to understand infertility dynamics and some influencing factors increasing the risk of infertility in social context of the Vietnam.

Gene–environment interactions reexamined: Does mother's marital stability interact with the dopamine receptor D2 gene in the etiology of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin D. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractPotential candidate Gene × Environment interactions in the etiology of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are examined between the dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) and putative family environmental risk factors that reflect mothers' marital stability. Specifically, interactions were tested between DRD2 and mothers' marital status, number of marriages or cohabiting relationships, and age at first marriage. Moderate relations were found among the marital stability measures, and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships (but not age at first marriage) were risk factors for their children's ADHD. All three mother's marital stability variables were associated with either the child's or mother's DRD2 genotypes. Gene × Environment interactions were found for children's ADHD diagnoses between children's DRD2 genotypes and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships. It is of interest that these interactions were strengthened with the progressive addition of sets of covariates intended to control for alternative causal pathways that represent background genetic and environmental context confounds. The present findings highlight the importance of considering both the nexus of putative environmental risk factors and whether their etiology and effects are truly environmental in future Gene × Environment interaction research.

Socio-demographic changes in age at first marriage in Malawi: evidence from Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data, 1992–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-845
Author(s):  
Ololade Julius Baruwa ◽  
Acheampong Yaw Amoateng ◽  
Elizabeth Biney
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Health Survey Data

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the social and demographic correlates of the trend in age at first marriage among women in Malawi, using Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 1992 and 2016. Employing Cox Proportional Hazard modelling, the results showed that the mean age at first marriage during the 18-year period remained constant at 17.4 years. Furthermore, across all the surveys, younger women married at an early age compared with their older counterparts. The results further showed that having no education, residing in the Northern region, working, belonging to the middle and rich wealth index categories, and belonging to Tumbuka, Lomwe, Yao, Ngoni and Amanganja/Anyanja ethnicities increased the risk of early marriage. The findings suggest that policies such as promoting access to education for women and enforcing the law that restricts the legal age at which a woman can marry (18 years) should be maintained and enforced in Malawi.

Interactive Effects of Gender Ideology and Age at First Marriage on Women’s Marital Disruption

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon N. Davis ◽  
Theodore N. Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
And Gender

A sample of ever-married women from the NLSY79 is analyzed to examine the effects of age at first marriage and gender ideology on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption. The authors hypothesize that age at first marriage will have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption for non-traditional women, but that there will be a strong negative effect for traditional women. The authors use the log-rate model for piecewise-constant rates to estimate the log odds of respondents’ hazard for experiencing a marital disruption separately for each of the three gender ideologygroups.Findingssuggest that ageat first marriage affects women’s likelihood of marital disruption contingent upon gender ideology. It is suggested that gender ideology is a lens through which women view the world and make decisions and that within each ideology category the factors that affect likelihood of divorce may differ as a result.

scholarly journals Early marriage and women’s empowerment: the case of child-brides in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyas Abera ◽  
Ansha Nega ◽  
Yifokire Tefera ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Child Brides

Abstract Background Women, especially those who marry as children, experience various forms and degrees of exclusion and discrimination. Early marriage is a harmful traditional practice that continues to affect millions around the world. Though it has declined over the years, it is still pervasive in developing countries. In Ethiopia, Amhara National Regional State (or alternatively Amhara region) hosts the largest share of child-brides in the country. This study aimed at assessing the effects of early marriage on its survivors’ life conditions – specifically, empowerment and household decision-making – in western Amhara. Methods This study employed community-based cross-sectional study design. It adopted mixed method approach – survey, in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD) – to collect, analyse and interpret data on early marriage and its effects on household decision-making processes. The survey covered 1278 randomly selected respondents, and 14FGDs and 6 in-depth interviews were conducted. Statistical procedures – frequency distribution, Chi-square, logistic regression – were used to test, compare and establish associations between survey results on women empowerment for two groups of married women based on age at first marriage i.e., below 18 and at/after 18. Narratives and analytical descriptions were integrated to substantiate and/or explain observed quantitative results, or generate contextual themes. Results This study reported that women married at/after 18 were more involved in household decision-making processes than child-brides. Child-brides were more likely to experience various forms of spousal abuse and violence in married life. The study results illustrated how individual-level changes, mainly driven by age at first marriage, interplay with structural factors to define the changing status and roles of married women in the household and community. Conclusion Age at first marriage significantly affected empowerment at household level, and women benefited significantly from delaying marriage. Increase in age did not automatically and unilaterally empowered women in marriage, however, since age entails a cultural definition of one’s position in society and its institutions. We recommend further research to focus on the nexus between the household and the social-structural forms that manifest at individual and community levels, and draw insights to promote women’s wellbeing and emancipation.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Lesi Prakanker Serviks (IVA+) di Puskesmas Bakunase Kota Kupang Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rambu Aji Paremajangga ◽  
Honey I. Ndoen ◽  
Yuliana R. Riwu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Cervical Precancerous Lesions

Servical cancer is the most common cancer in women in the world and ranks second most cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Early detection of cervical cancer is done through IVA method. Early detection of servical cancer in Kupang City Health Office in 2017 totaling 1.757 woman and 58 women are positive for cervical precancerous lesions with highest cases in the Bakunase Health Center as many as 38 people. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of age at first marriage, habits of changing partners, parity and pathological vaginal history of the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions (IVA +) in Bakunase Health Center Kupang City in 2019. This type of research is an analytic survey with a case control research design. To analyze the relationship between the variables used the chi square test and the magnitude of risk factors calculated Odds Ratio (OR) values. The results showed that there was a relationship between age at first marriage p = 0.038 (OR = 2.979; 95% CI 1.164-7.622), parity p = 0.021 (OR = 3.322; 95% CI: 1.293-8.538), pathological vaginal discharge p = 0.021 ( OR = 3,375; 95% CI: 1,303-8,744), while the habit of changing sexual partners is not a risk factor associated with the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions p = 0.358 (OR = 4.353; 95% CI 0.463-40.898. Suggestions for Kupang City Bakunase Health Center to conduct counseling about risk factors and dangers of cervical cancer, create an HPV vaccination program and encourage every woman to vaccinate. For women-only communities to avoid risk factors and make periodic early detection for those who have already married.  

scholarly journals Statistical modelling of social risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among female youths in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale ◽  
Musibau Titiloye ◽  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Odunayo Joshua Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Social Risks

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are avertable, but the social risks factors connected to these infections are often unnoticed by many, particularly female youths. Previous studies on STDs among youths in Nigeria only focused on its risk factors but failed to model these risk factors as evidenced in this study. Methodology: The study is retrospective cross-sectional in design which utilized Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2008. It focused on female youths aged 15-24 (n=8093) who ever had sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral and anal). Data analysis was done using Chi-square and logistic regression models. The logistic regression on the data was performed at two stages. These stages generated three and eight different models respectively. Results: Data analyses revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 20.2±2.5. Female youths who were aged between 20-24 years contacted STDs in the last 12 months (2.5%) than those between the ages of 15-19 months (1.4%). A year prevalence of STDs among female youths in Nigeria was 2.1%. Socio-demographic factors such as age, educational status, wealth index, marital status, toilet shared, place of residence, contraceptive use and total life-time number of sexual partners were found to be associated significant risk factors for contacting STDs (P<0.05). Conclusions: The data confirmed the considerable impact of wealth index and contraceptive use as important predictors of STDs acquisition. Constant use of condoms, abstinence and having one uninfected sexual partner can help reduce the risk of STDs transmission.

scholarly journals Age at First Marriage and Fertility Decline in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, northwest Ethiopia: Decomposition analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nega Mihret Alazbih ◽  
Assefa Hailemariam Kaya ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Abstract Background: Fertility declines in Ethiopia have been documented since 1990s. Amhara National Regional State has recorded the most noticeable fertility decline. However, specific factors that explain the incipient course of fertility decline in the study area and their relative contributions were not well investigated. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that contributed for fertility decline, and to assess the variations in fertility that can be attributed to both changes in characteristics and reproductive behaviors of women aged 15–49 years between 2008 and 2014 in Dabat Demographic and Health Surveillance System Site, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Cross sectional censuses were carried out in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System site in 2008 and 2014. Data for 4,775 and 10,807 women with reproductive age in 2008 and 2014 were used for the analysis. Poisson regression model was employed to assess the trends of determinants of fertility, and Multivariate Decomposition technique was applied to evaluate observed changes in fertility using data from two consecutive cross-sectional censuses of Dabat HDSS conducted in 2008 and 2014.Results: The findings indicated that there was a reduction of an average 640.69 births per 1,000 women of the reproductive age during the year 2014 compared to the year 2008 in the surveillance site (P-value <0.001; 95% CI: -669.5 to -582.4). This overall change in fertility during the study period was attributed to both changing characteristics of women (the distribution effect) (76%) (P-value < 0.001; 95%CI: -524.74, -453.13, and their reproductive behavior (the effect shown by regression coefficients of the variables on the outcome) (24%) (P-value <0.001; 95% CI: -224.36 to -79.14). The drivers of the recent fertility decline during the study period were the shift observed in the age at first marriage, the change in the proportion of currently married women, the shift in women’s birth to later age and the change in women's educational status.Conclusion: This study indicated that the overall reduction in fertility was attributed to both changing characteristics of women and their reproductive behavior. The major contributors to the changes in fertility were the postponing of women’s first marriage to later age and the change in the proportion of currently married women over the study period. Encouraging women to complete at least secondary education are important to increase the age at first marriage and birth which intern accelerate the current fertility transition.

scholarly journals Multiple large clusters of tuberculosis in London: a cross-sectional analysis of molecular and spatial data

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 00098-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Smith ◽  
Helen Maguire ◽  
Charlotte Anderson ◽  
Neil Macdonald ◽  
Andrew C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Molecular Cluster ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Large Clusters

Large outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB) represent a particular threat to disease control because they reflect multiple instances of active transmission. The extent to which long chains of transmission contribute to high TB incidence in London is unknown. We aimed to estimate the contribution of large clusters to the burden of TB in London and identify risk factors.We identified TB patients resident in London notified between 2010 and 2014, and used 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units–variable number tandem repeat strain typing data to classify cases according to molecular cluster size. We used spatial scan statistics to test for spatial clustering and analysed risk factors through multinomial logistic regression.TB isolates from 7458 patients were included in the analysis. There were 20 large molecular clusters (with n>20 cases), comprising 795 (11%) of all cases; 18 (90%) large clusters exhibited significant spatial clustering. Cases in large clusters were more likely to be UK born (adjusted odds ratio 2.93, 95% CI 2.28–3.77), of black-Caribbean ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio 3.64, 95% CI 2.23–5.94) and have multiple social risk factors (adjusted odds ratio 3.75, 95% CI 1.96–7.16).Large clusters of cases contribute substantially to the burden of TB in London. Targeting interventions such as screening in deprived areas and social risk groups, including those of black ethnicities and born in the UK, should be a priority for reducing transmission.

Premarital sexual experience of married women in Kinshasa, Zaire

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyi K. Djamba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Premarital Sexual

SummaryUsing responses from questions about age at first sexual intercourse and age at first marriage, this paper offers a method of studying premarital sexual behaviour in societies where the subject is a taboo topic. More than half of the currently married women in Kinshasa engaged in sexual intercourse before marriage. The likelihood of having premarital intercourse increases among younger women, those with higher education, and those whose ethnic groups have liberal attitudes towards sexual conduct. The results also suggest that sexual activity accounts for late marriage.

scholarly journals Modeling the Determinant of Time to Age at First Marriage among Women in Ethiopia using Cox models with mixed effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molalign Gualu Gobena ◽  
Yebelay Berelle Berhan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Background Time to age at first marriage of women is the duration of time until the age at which they started living with their first partner. Time to age at first marriage is widely considered a proxy indicator for the age at which women begin to be exposed to the risks inherent in sexual activity. The purpose is to model the determinant of time to age at first marriage among women in Ethiopia using Cox models with mixed effects. Methods The 2016 EDHS sample was selected using a two-stage cluster design. The data set in this study were obtained from the Demography and Health survey conducted in Ethiopia in 2016. In this study, we used Cox models with mixed effects. Results Of all 15,683 women aged 15–49, 11,405(72.72%) were married and the median & mean age at first marriage for women living in Ethiopia were 17 years and 18 years respectively. Conclusions Based on the AIC criterion Cox frailty survival model (log-normal frailty distribution) was selected among Cox models with mixed effects as a better fit for the dataset. Analyzing based on the selected model showed that residence of women, educational level of women, head occupation, work status of women & head educational level were the most significant factors and religion of women, access to media of women & wealth index of a household were not significant factors at 5% level of significance. The clustering effect was significant and hence there was heterogeneity among the regions on age at first marriage.

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