scholarly journals Air quality change due to COVID-19 lockdown in India and its perception by public

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinaya Sekar ◽  
Jasna R S ◽  
Binoy B V ◽  
Prem Mohan ◽  
George Kuttiparichel Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Very High

Abstract In this study, air quality data for 100 days recorded at 193 stations distributed throughout India were analyzed to understand the changes in air quality following the country-wide lockdown imposed from 25th March to 17th May 2020 to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses from a nationwide online survey conducted to obtain public perceptions of air quality improvement were also analyzed. On average, an approximately 40% improvement in the air quality index was observed, contributed by a reduction in 40% of PM10, 44% of PM2.5, 51% of NO2 and 21% of SO2. There was a significant difference between the levels of all the pollutants before and after the lockdown (p<0.05), except ozone. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between PM10 and PM2.5 with ozone was significant after the lockdown period, indicating that a significant portion of the particulates present in the atmosphere after the lockdown period is secondary. The survey for public perception showed that 60% of the 1750 respondents perceived improvement in air quality. On a scale of 1 to 5, the respondents from Delhi perceived the highest improvement, from 2.2 to 4.5. An odds ratio of 17 indicated a very high dependence of perception on actual air quality. PM10 levels had the highest influence in shaping public perceptions of air quality. The results from Google Trends analysis showed that media had no influence on shaping the perception of improvement in air quality.

scholarly journals What the Public Think about Social Services: A Report from Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1146-1166
Author(s):  
Trish McCulloch ◽  
Stephen Webb
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract This article reports on findings of a government-funded research project which set out to understand what the public think about social services in Scotland. The authors were particularly keen to examine issues of legitimacy, trust and licence to operate for social services as they are framed in public perceptions. Drawing on a national online survey of 2,505 nationally representative adults, the findings provide the first and largest empirical data set on public perceptions of social services in Scotland. Data analysis occurred in two stages and employed descriptive statistical measurement and cross-tabulation analysis. The findings indicate that, overall, people in Scotland are positive about social services and the value of their impact on society. Furthermore, they believe that social services perform a valuable public role. These findings are significant for debates surrounding social services and suggest that the Scottish public has a more positive view of social services than social service workers and welfare institutions typically perceive. The findings demonstrate the need to develop a more theoretically rich understanding of the relationships between public perception, legitimacy and social licence in social services, including attention to co-productive models of engagement.

Abstract 278: Diet-Induced Leukocyte Telomere Shortening Correlates with Extent of Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GENESIO KARERE ◽  
Shifra Birnbaum ◽  
Clint Christensen ◽  
Michael Mahaney ◽  
John VandeBerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed countries, is commonly due to atherosclerosis. Studies have demonstrated association between leukocyte telomere shortening (LTS), extent of atherosclerotic lesions and accelerated cell senescence. Further LTS is associated with dietary intake. However, efforts to link LTS, diet and extent of lesions have been unsuccessful in humans due to difficulties controlling diet in large human population studies. To begin addressing these critical issues, we controlled dietary fat (high-fat, HF) in baboons for 2yrs - a well-developed primate model of human atherosclerosis. This is the first study in primates showing correlation of LTS with both chronic HF diet and atherosclerotic lesions. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that leukocyte telomere length decreased with chronic HF diet in baboons and is correlated with extent of atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results: A cohort of pedigreed baboons (n=107; females=46, males=61) was fed a HF diet for 2yrs. Absolute leukocyte telomere lengths (LTL; kb/diploid genome) were quantified by qPCR before and after diet challenge. Total telomere length was calculated by computing the ratio of telomere quantity per single copy gene quantity (baboon LIPG). Mean LTL was significantly shorter after feeding baboons a HF diet for 2 yrs (paired t test, p=0.03). Baboons (n=232) maintained on a low fat diet for 2yrs showed no significant difference in LTL (p=0.47). These findings suggest that a HF diet accelerates LTS. Further we quantified the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in baboons after 2yr HF diet and found that LTL, adjusted for age and sex, were correlated with lesions in descending aorta (Pearson correlation, r=0.19; p=0.03). Interestingly this correlation was significant in females but not in males after adjusting for age (r=0.27, p=0.03). Conclusions: LTS correlates with chronic feeding with a HF diet in baboons, is significantly correlated with arterial lesions and the correlation is sex-specific. These findings suggest that LTS may be a potential biomarker of extent of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Urban Vegetation Types are Not Perceived Equally in Providing Ecosystem Services and Disservices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Drillet ◽  
Tze Fung ◽  
Rachel Leong ◽  
Uma Sachidhanandam ◽  
Peter Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Regulating Services ◽  
Planning And Management

Urban vegetation is important in providing ecosystem services to people. Different urban vegetation types provide contrasting suites of ecosystem services and disservices. Understanding public perceptions of the ecosystem services and disservices can therefore play an important role in shaping the planning and management of urban areas. We conducted an online survey (n = 1000) to understand how residents in the tropical city of Singapore perceived urban vegetation and the associated ecosystem services and disservices. The questionnaire was designed to explore whether different urban vegetation types (grass, shrubs, trees, trees over shrubs, and secondary forest) were perceived as equal in providing benefits. Respondents considered ecosystem services provided by urban vegetation to be more important than disservices. Among ecosystem services, regulating services were most highly rated, with more than 80% of the respondents appreciating urban vegetation for providing shade and improving air quality. Respondents recognized that different vegetation types provided different ecosystem services. For example, secondary forest was most commonly associated with education and wildlife, while trees were strongly associated with cooling and air quality. We conclude that in developing plans and designs for urban vegetation and ecosystem services, it is important to understand the perceptions, priorities, and concerns of residents.

scholarly journals Investigating the impacts of air quality and weather indicators on the spread of SARS-COV-2 in Istanbul, Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Caner Taniş ◽  
Kadir Karakaya
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Indexes

Background/aim: Air pollution is having a positive impact on the spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus. The effects of meteorological parameters on the spread of SARS-COV-2 are a matter of curiosity. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the association between air quality indexes (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3) and weather parameters (temperature, humidity, pressure, dew, wind speed) with the number of SARS-COV-2 cases, hospitalizations, hospital discharges. In this paper, we also focused on determining the impact of air pollution and weather parameters on the number of daily hospitalizations and daily discharges. Materials and methods: It is gleaned daily cases, hospitalizations, hospital discharges, meteorological, and air quality data in Istanbul from Turkey between July 15, 2020, and September 30, 2020. We performed the Pearson correlation analysis to evaluate the effects of meteorological parameters and air quality indexes on the variables related to SARS-COV-2. Results: It is determined a statistically significant positive relationship between air quality indexes such as CO, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and the number of daily confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases. We also observed a negative association between weather parameters such as temperature and pressure and the number of daily confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases. Conclusion: Our study proposes that high air quality could reduce the number of SARS-COV-2 cases. The empirical findings of this paper might provide key input to prevent the spread of SARS-COV-2 across Turkey.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Air Pollution Levels on the Public Perception of Local Air Quality in a Mexico-US Border City

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4616
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Muñoz-Pizza ◽  
Mariana Villada-Canela ◽  
M. A. Reyna ◽  
José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador ◽  
Jesús Serrano-Lomelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Census ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Border City ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
Very High

Air pollution in developing countries is a growing concern. It is associated with urbanization and social and economic structures. The understanding of how social factors can influence the perception and the potential impact of air pollution have not been addressed sufficiently. This paper addresses the social vulnerability and exposure to PM10 association and its influence on the air quality perception of residents in Mexicali, a Mexico–US border city. This study used individual variables and population census data, as well as statistical and spatial analyses. A cluster of socially vulnerable populations with high exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM10) was found in the city’s peripheral areas. The spatial distribution of the local perception of air quality varied by the exposure zones of the estimated PM10 concentrations. Respondents living in very high exposure areas perceive air quality as “poor,” contrarily to a worse perception in areas of intermediate and lower exposure to PM10. Proximity to stationary sources of pollution was associated with a poor perception of air quality. Results also indicate that low household income and poor air quality perceived at the place of residence negatively influences the perceived changes in the air quality over time. The knowledge of chronic health effects related to air pollution was scarce in the sampled population, especially in the areas with very high exposure and high social vulnerability. These findings can serve as a support in local air quality management.

scholarly journals The Influence of Organizational Culture on Planning as Perceived by Employees in The Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1030-1043
Author(s):  
Evangelis Pardede ◽  
WILLIAMS KWASI PEPRAH ◽  
Patience Boatemaa Antwi-Yamoah
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Planning is essential to healthcare institutions.  The first important factor that indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization is planning and the realization of how the vision and mission that have been set up are implemented. However, organizational culture plays a key role in setting a plan for hospitals. It is upon this premises that this study seeks to find the impact of organizational culture on planning as professed by employees in the hospital and the significant difference between sex and age when planning was considered.    Method: This was quantitative research which was designed as descriptive-correlational. The self-constructed instrument was conveniently administered to 108 hospital employees within Laguna in the Philippines to measure their hospital organizational culture and planning. The statistical study treatment was based on SPSS version 23, where Mean and Standard Deviation and Pearson Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data.    Result: The results revealed that hospital planning was very high, and they strongly agree with the influence of their organizational culture. Furthermore, the study resulted that there is a high correlation between organizational culture and planning. There was a significant difference in sex, however, there was no significant difference in age. The implication is that hospitals must make sure that their firms’ culture supports planning so that they can meet their objectives.  Discussion: The study recommends that hospitals must make sure that their cultural practices support planning. This is among the various ways to achieve hospitals success and make them effective and efficient. 

scholarly journals Analysis of the changes in the lacrimal system before and after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Li ◽  
Yijun Zheng ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy ◽  
Lacrimal System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height

Abstract BackgroundWe aimed to analys and explore the changes in the lacrimal system before and after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR).MethodsA series of case studies was reviewed. The clinical data of 104 patients (120 eyes) who underwent EN-DCR in our hospital from March 2019 to October 2019 were selected for the study. The tear meniscus height (TMH) and the Schirmer I test (SIt) values were compared preoperatively and 1 month and 3 months postoperatively and statistically analysed by Mauchly's test of sphericity and the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsThe TMH decreased across all 3 timepoints, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The TMH values were measured 3 times in 120 eyes and showed three patterns: increased steadily (34 eyes), descended first and then ascended (32 eyes), and decreased steadily (54 eyes); the changes in the three patterns were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were a significant increases in SIt values among the three timepoints, and the SIt values gradually increased when the SIt values were < 10 mm/5 min preoperatively. However, there was no significant difference in SIt values when the SIt values were ≥ 10 mm/5 min preoperatively. The TMH was highly correlated with the SIt value preoperatively (r = 0.763), moderately correlated at 1 month postoperatively (r = 0.515), and not correlated at 3 months postoperatively (r = 0.097).ConclusionsEN-DCR has a certain degree of influence on the tear system, which is not only reflected in the tear drainage system, but also in the tear secretion system and the interaction between the two systems; however, excess tear drainage, can also alleviate dry eyes.Funding programmeJoint Fund Project of Hubei Provincial Health Select Committee (No. WJ2019H318); General Key Projects of Medical Research in Wuhan City, Hubei Province (No. WX19A03)

scholarly journals The Public Perception of Cyber-surveillance Before and After Edward Snowden’s Surveillance Revelations

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Završnik ◽  
Pia Levičnik
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Intelligence Agencies ◽  
Before And After

The article contextualizes contemporary cyber-surveillance practices in the light of Edward Snowden’s revelations of massive espionage by intelligences services and shows the results of  an online survey on the public perceptions of privacy in public telecommunication networks in Slovenia. The results relate to types and frequency of victimization; self-reported study on violating of the privacy of others; concern for the protection of one’s own privacy; perception of those carrying out surveillance; the value of privacy; views on abrogated data retention regulation; and awarness of personal data protection remedies.Despite growing distrust of large internet corporations and – after Edward Snowden’s revelations – Intelligence agencies, the findings indicate a low degree of awareness and care for the protection of personal data. In regard to the perception of primary subjects of surveillance, 56 percent of respondents chose internet corporations as the greatest threat to their privacy, followed by telecommunications companies (25 percent), and shops with loyalty programs (23 percent). According to chi-square and Cramer's coefficient calculations, gender correlation is weak, but men feel more threatened by foreign intelligence services and the Slovene Intelligence and Security Agency. By comparing responses before and after the Datagate affair, we noted that prior to this date, only a handful of people felt threatened by foreign or domestic intelligence agencies. An increased feeling of threat after this date is evident in men as well as women.

scholarly journals The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air quality caused by traffic in Istanbul

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songül KASKUN ◽  
Kadir ULUTAŞ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Travel Restriction

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has become global public health concern and the first death due to COVID-19 in Turkey occurred on 16 March 2020. Therefore, the Turkish governments took some precautions such as curfew, travel restriction, social isolation and shut down the schools and the universities within the scope of the fight of COVID-19. These precautions may cause a decrease in mobility, which in turn expectation to decrease in traffic-related emissions. In this study, the change in the amount of PM10 and NO2 pollutants were evaluated by dividing them in two periods before and after the virus in 2016 and 2020. Traffic-induced PM10 and NO2 concentrations were monitored at 4 stations located close to road traffic in Istanbul. As a result of the study, it was observed that there was no significant difference in PM10 concentration, however NO2 concentrations decreased by 11.8 percent in the after-virus period.

KUAUTAS MIKROBIOLOGI UDARA RUANG OPERASI RSUD dr. M. SOEWANDHIE SURABAYATAHUN 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Awang Abdillah ◽  
Erna Tri Astuti ◽  
Sudjarwo .
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High

One of the rooms with very high risk of disease transmission in a hospital is the operatingroom.The government through the Minister of Health Decree No. 1204/MENKES/SK/X/2004on HospitalEnvironmental Health Requirements, has placed operating rooms as a very high risk zone. Among otherthings, air quality (bacterial count) is very important to note since the rooms are used for surgicalprocedures requiring extremely sterile conditions. This study was aimed at determining the air quality(bacterial count) in operating rooms at Dr. M. Soewandhie Hospital of Surabaya in 2014.This was a descriptive study, conducted in Dr. M. Soewandhie hospital. Samples were taken fromall operating rooms, RO 1 (one), RO 2 (two), RO 3 (three), RO4 (four) and RO 5 (five). Variables to beexamined induded air microbiological quality as reflected in the bacterial count, temperature and humiditymeasurements, assessment of building and construction cleaning and sterilization processes on operatingrooms.The results showed, that bacterial counts in RO 1 was 14 cfu/m3, RO 2 63 cfu/m3, RO 3 23cfu/m3, RO4 19 cfu/m3, these four rooms did not meet the requirement, the only room that satisfied therequirement was RO 5 as much as 5 cfu/m3. Temperature and humidity in RO 1 to RO 3 were at thesame value of 200e and 68%, RO4 was 21.50e and 59%, RO 5 was 210e and 60%. In terms of roomtemperature, all rooms were satisfactory, but in term of humidity, only RO4 was satisfactory. Results ofbuilding and room assessment were: RO 1 80%, RO 2 80%, RO3 84%, RO4 74% and RO 5 70%. Itcan be conduded that RO4 and RO 5 did not satisfy the standard. In terms of cleaning processes, RO 1to RO 3 were found equal at the percentage of 75%, while RO 4 and RO 5 was also equal at thepercentage of 65%.Among the five operating rooms at Soewandhie hospital of Surabaya, four of them have exceededthe bacterial count designated as the air quality standard . It is therefore recommended to performsterilization with UV(ultraviolet) before and after each surgery; to provide an exhaust fan in RO4 and RO5, to ensure conical meeting between the floors and walls of the ROs, installation of ceramic tiles on thewall of RO 5, keeping the operating room doors closed at all times, maintenance of air conditioning unitsand exhaust fans at least every 6 months to check up on the condition of the utilities and to develop andimplement standard operational procedures for cleaning and sterilization of process of cleaning theoperating rooms.

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