PANDEMICS, TOURISM AND COMMUNITIES: AN ADAPTIVE POLICY FROM A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

This article shed more light on several policies can be adopted by the Indonesian government in terms saving the tourism-communities and tourism itself during Covid-19 pandemic. However, travel restriction policies in various countries also demanded the solidarity of tourists to stay at home, avoiding crowds, and delaying travel plans during the COVID-19 pandemic. It clearly causes the tourism sector to be heavily affected. As a solution , this research used the systematic literature review method to collecting data from 63 article that relevant to this topic. The results of this research classified into three main point that inovation can be raise by re-emphasising alternative forms of tourism through responsible torism and sustainable tourism. Utilization of technology (e-tourism) is a new form of transformation in the tourism sector, it can help tourist screening, case and contact tracing. Therefore, several policy should be created by central to local government that concern about communities sustainability during it’s condition.

Understanding the Multiple Factor Determining of Z Generation to Hotel Staycation During Covid-19 Pandemic

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on restricted mobility, as well as a devastating economic development in various sectors, have change renewed interest in the future of tourism, especially in Hospitality Industry. This study sought to examine the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of hotel staycation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Paired t-tests and the structural equation modelling were applied to assess the 246 responses of Z generations in Indonesia for the first and second quarters of 2021. The finding showed that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms affect the hotel staycation intention during a pandemic for Z generations. Perceived behavioral control plays the most significant part. Several findings are provided on how the generation perceives traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic and how to encourage them to resume traveling after the travel restriction is lifted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The viewpoint proffered in this study provides scopes of the hospitality industry in terms of hotel staycation programs to maintain a resilient economic strategy during the pandemic.

COVID-19 Border Closures: A Violation of Non-Refoulement Obligations in International Refugee and Human Rights Law?

COVID-19 has presented a number of challenges for the international refugee protection regime. An issue that has received little attention is the relationship between states tightening their borders in an effort to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and their non-refoulement obligations. This raises the question of how international law responds when non-refoulement obligations may conflict with other international human rights such as the rights to life and health. Further, the legal analysis of whether a particular COVID-19 border policy is in violation of non-refoulement obligations must take into account how the travel restriction will be implemented. This article provides an overarching analysis of non-refoulement provisions in international refugee and human rights law and which COVID-19 international travel restrictions may be in breach of these obligations. We examine different types of COVID-19 travel restrictions and argue that many are undoubtedly violations of non-refoulement, but others raise unsettled questions of international law. Nevertheless, there is jurisprudence and scholarship to support the proposition that a state’s non-refoulement obligations can be triggered even in these more contested scenarios.

Stranded abroad during the COVID-19 pandemic: examining the psychological and financial impact of border restrictions

Objective: With the easing of COVID-19-related international travel restrictions in late 2021 it is time to consider the direct and indirect social, emotional, and financial impacts that these border closures have had. The study aims to evaluate the psychological and financial distress reported by people stranded abroad due to international travel restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between July and September 2021, we implemented a cross-sectional online survey targeting individuals stranded abroad due to international travel restrictions. The survey collected data about COVID-19 travel restriction-related travel impacts; personal stress, anxiety, and depression (using the validated DASS-21tool); as well as impacts on housing and financial security; and demographic data. Findings: We had 1054 participants complete the survey; most were trying to return to the Oceania region (75.4%), with 45% stranded in Europe. Overall, 64.2% reported financial distress while stranded abroad. 64.4% (x̄ =9.43, SD=5.81) reported either a moderate or severe (based on the DASS-21 classification) level of depression, 41.7% for anxiety (x̄ =5.46, SD=4.74), and 58.1% for stress (x̄ =10.64, SD=5.26). Statistically significant factors associated with moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress were financial stress, an employment change, being <30yrs, having a high perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 abroad and being stranded for >2 months. Conclusion: The study is among the first to explore the psychological and financial distress-related impacts associated with being stranded abroad due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. It highlights a range of unintended consequences that arise from pandemic-related travel restriction, identifies the health and social needs for a particularly vulnerable population, and provides clues as to the types of support that may be adopted to best support them. This research will assist policymakers in identifying support packages for people stranded abroad due to global disaster.

Editorial

On the behalf of the organizing committee of the International Conference on Electronics, Electrical and Information Engineering (ICEEIE2021) held during September 24th-26th, 2021 in Changsha, Hunan, China, Due to the Covid-19, there were travel restriction for every scholars who were linked with this event, by using Zoom conference system and physical venues in different sponsors’ university, we enjoyed 3 keynote speeches and oral presentations made by the authors which lasted for 15 minutes each, a lot of inspiration sparked during the Q&A parts, thanks to the modern technology and dedication of every committee member, we finally made this conference, to sum up I would like to present you all this proceeding: A strong mixture of academia and industry was the key aspect of this year’s conference. ICEEIE 2021 promotes research and developmental activities in the field of Electronics, Electrical and Information Engineering along with exchange of knowledge, ideas and information among the researchers, practitioners and scholars from all over the world. Researchers who have contributed their work to the conference shared their findings and experience with other researchers and attendee. Many attendees without any contribution of research paper have also been allowed to attend the conference to gain knowledge in their respective areas. With all contributions from the participants, 74 papers are final accepted from 215 submissions. Those accepted ones are well categorized into six sectors as follows:Information Sciences, Electrical Engineering, Automation Control, Software Engineering, Machine Learning, IOT & Data Sciences, Intelligent System, Information Security. List of Committees are available in this pdf.

WAY TO LIVE WITH COVID-19

Nobody knows what will be in future during COVID-19 delta surge and appearance of new Mu variant of COVID-19. But, everyone hopes the pandemic will end soon. The recent and current rising trend in cases and deaths not only in Southeast Asia region but also around the world warns that any travel restriction must be necessary to conduct.If people gain some immunity through either vaccination or infection, it will change into endemic stage. Unfortunately, vaccination coverage is not so high compared with world population. Thus, local people living in developing countries face the COVID-19 delta surge by fighting against with only naïve immune system. SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for COVID-19 infection, is a novel emerging contagious agent that has found a way into human civilization. Generally, emerging and reemerging of viral infections belong to the RNA family of viruses since these viruses have high mutation rates that allow their eminent environmental adaptation with rapid evolution.Up to date,little knowledge is available about SARS-Co V-2 (1,2).

Preface

This is our third International Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and Computing Technology (ICMSCT 2021) Conference which is virtually broadcasted from Kasetsart University, Thailand on 27 - 28 October 2021. This successful conference was organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia and Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand, in collaboration with Institut Teknologi Bandung (Indonesia), Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University (Thailand) and Chiang Mai University (Thailand). Due to pandemic Covid-19 which led to travel restriction to Bangkok, Thailand, this join forces of Asian educational institutions conducted the conference remotely through Webex for researchers to present papers in Mathematics, Statistics and Computing Technology which are well represented in this proceedings volume. The conference presented Prof. Dhia Al-Jumeily from Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom as a Keynote speaker and Prof. Kongkitti Pusawat from Kasetsart University, Thailand as an invited speaker in two-hour plenary session to share their experience and latest knowledge in mathematics and computing technology. During parallel sessions, many contributed papers were presented and discussed through question and answer session in a feasible Webex link platform for each parallel session. We believe that the participants of ICMSCT have gained knowledge and built networking with all researchers in the same field. We also hope this collection of papers can benefit the readers and continue to play a large part in the future of ICMSCT conferences. The organisers would like to thank the team from the Institute of Physics Conference Office, led by Dr Lorna Wroe for realizing this proceedings publication. We also thank the local organisers and conference office from Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan and Kasetsart University, Thailand for their splendid job. They were very committed and worked hard in making this conference a success. With the mandate from the Local Organising Committee, the Local Technical Committee was formed to attend the processing of the technical papers. Firstly, I am thankful for the advices given by the Chairman Dr. Khalid Abd Wahid. I wish to thank each and every member of the proceeding editors for making this end result possible: The proceedings of a very prestigious International Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and Computing Technology. They are Norzieha Mustapha Syerina Azlin Md Nasir Wan Zakiyatussariroh Wan Husin Au Thien Wan Utriweni Mukhaiyar Sapto Wahyu Indratno Roliza Md Yasin Ainul Azila Che Fauzi Full credit should also be awarded to the local technical committee, expert reviewers and proof-readers, both from within and outside Malaysia for their time spent in reviewing the manuscript and helping us in improving the article. We ensure that a thorough peer review process was carried out and administered by the proceedings editors, in accordance to the high demand of IOP publication. Last but not least, we wish to thank all the participants who contributed and attended the conference which made the conference a successful event. Wan Fairos Wan Yaacob Editor-in-Chief List of COMMITTEES are available in this pdf.

Early Detection of COVID-19 Waves From Cases in a Neighboring Country With an Open Border

Border closure or travel restriction is a critical issue as closing the border early can badly affect the economy of the country, whereas substantial delay can put human lives at stake. While many papers discuss closing the border early in the pandemic, the question of when to close the border has not been addressed well. We have tried to estimate a date of closing the border by taking the reference of a neighboring country with a high correlation in Covid-19 incidence. Here we have used non-linear methods to probe the landscape of correlation between temporal COVID-19 incidences and deaths. We have tested our method on two neighboring countries, Nepal and India, with open borders, where closing the borders are among the top priorities to reduce the spread and spill-out of variants. We have selected these countries as they have close connectivity and intertwined socio-economic network with thousands of people crossing the border every day. We found the distance correlation for COVID-19 incidence between these countries to be statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) and there is a lag of 6 days for maximum correlation. In addition, we analyzed the correlation for each wave and found the distance correlation for the first phase is 0.8145 (p &lt; 0.001) with a lag of 2 days, and the distance correlation for the second wave is 0.9685 (p &lt; 0.001) without any lag. This study can be a critical planning tool for policymakers and public health practitioners to make an informed decision on border closure in the early days as it is critically associated with the legal and diplomatic agreements and regulations between two countries.

Strategi Komunikasi Publik Gugus Tugas Covid-19 (Studi Komunikasi Publik Pada Program Larangan Mudik Lebaran Tahun 2021)

Indonesia and the world are being hit by the global Covid-19 pandemic which has paralyzed all human activities for several months. The incident then seizes public's attention and becomes the centre of public discussion. Various state policies around the world have been carried out to prevent the spread of Covid-19, including social distancing, Large-Scale Social Restrictions, and the implementation of the ‘new normal’ in various sectors. In this case, the current article specifically focuses on the issue of the mudik (exodus) restriction which has caught the attention of Indonesian public. Such travel restriction has caused a polemic between the government and migrants or migrant workers. These problems became complex when the mudik restrictions were started earlier on May 6, 2021. Despite the restrictions, the euphoria of the public in welcoming the Idul Fitri could no longer be contained although the complexity of the country in implementing this policy was still a problem, whether mudik was allowed or prohibited. Such perception was a polemic in our society. Therefore, the purpose of this journal article is to shed some of the answers to the many question posed in public perception. It is also used to provide more space and access to the public in understanding the ambiguity of the rules.

Measuring the impact of suspending Umrah, a global mass gathering in Saudi Arabia on the COVID-19 pandemic

Since the early days of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Saudi Arabia started to implement several preventative measures starting with the imposition of travel restrictions to and from China. Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, and with the first confirmed case in Saudi Arabia in March 2019, more strict measures, such as international travel restriction, and suspension or cancellation of major events, social gatherings, prayers at mosques, and sports competitions, were employed. These non-pharmaceutical interventions aim to reduce the extent of the epidemic due to the implications of international travel and mass gatherings on the increase in the number of new cases locally and globally. Since this ongoing outbreak is the first of its kind in the modern world, the impact of suspending mass gatherings on the outbreak is unknown and difficult to measure. We use a stratified SEIR epidemic model to evaluate the impact of Umrah, a global Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during the month of Ramadan, the peak of the Umrah season. The analyses shown in the paper provide insights into the effects of global mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic locally and globally.