scholarly journals Perspective of Reactive Separation of Levulinic Acid in Conceptual Mixer Settler Reactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Anjali Ingle ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende ◽  
Kailas Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Loading Ratio

Abstract Many industries are using directly biomass as a raw material for the production of valuable biochemicals. These are used different toxic chemicals such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. as a catalyst during the production of biochemicals and exit downstream waste material and create environmental pollution. Therefore, downstream waste material separation is important for decrease environmental pollution. Levulinic acid is a carboxylic acid which can be present downstream of industrial waste. It is a very important chemical and can be transformed into different important chemicals such as 1–4 pentanediol, aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, gamma valarolactone, hydoxyvaleric acid, diphenolic acid, etc. It is considered in the top ten important and bio-derived acids. Levulinic acid can be directly produced from biomass through chemical synthesis and fermentation processes at industrial and lab scales. The synthesis process produces the char whereas the fermentation process produces wastes during the production of levulinic acid, thus increasing the production cost and industrial waste downstream. The separation of levulinic acid from the waste is costly and challenging. In this study, reactive extraction was employed with TOA in i-octanol for the separation of levulinic acid. The experimental results have been expressed in various performance parameters like distribution coefficient (0.099–6.14), extraction efficiency (9–86%), loading ratio (0.09–0.7), and equilibrium constant (11.34–1.05). The mass action law model was also been applied and found the predicted value close with the experimental results. The mixer settler extraction in the series was used to achieve more than 98% separations of acid. Further, the conceptual approach for levulinic acid separation using mixer-settler reactor scheme is discussed and presented various design parameters including extraction efficiency, diffusion coefficient, extraction equilibrium constant, and loading ratio. This study decreases the industry downstream material and can be solved environmental pollution problems.

scholarly journals Reactive Extraction of Levulinic Acid using Tri-n-octylamine in 1-Octanol: Equilibria and Effect of pH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5252-5256
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Reactive extraction is a sophisticated separation technique used for the recovery of carboxylic acids from fermentation broth. Levulinic acid is a versatile chemical. A right combination of extractant and diluent will provide a high yield. The reactive extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solution with tri-n-octylamine (TOA) dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at room temperature. The effect of pH was studied. From the physical and chemical equilibrium experimental results, the distribution coefficient (KD), extraction efficiency (E%), loading ratio (Z), stoichiometric loading factor (ZS) and modified separation factor (Sf ) are calculated. It was found that physical extraction provided less yield compared to chemical extraction. A maximum KD was obtained as 5.248 using 40% TOA (0.9059 mol/L) while 83.99 % of the levulinic acid was extracted. By increasing the initial concentration of levulinic acid increased the concentration of levulinic acid in both the organic phase and aqueous phase. As the concentration of TOA increases from 10 to 40 % (0.2264 mol/L to 0.9059 mol/L), the distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency also increase. By increasing the pH from 3 to 7, the distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency were drastically affected.

scholarly journals Reactive Extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-Octylamine in 1-hexanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4534-4539
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Reactive extraction of levulinic acid using trin-octylamine (TOA) in 1-hexanol was investigated by physical and chemical extractions from aqueous solution at room temperature. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (KD), extraction efficiency (E%), loading ratio (Z), stoichiometric loading factor (ZS) and modified separation factor (Sf ) are evaluated. It was observed that chemical extraction provided a better yield than physical extraction. A maximum KD was obtained as 10.715 using 40% TOA (0.9059 mol/L) while 91.46% of the levulinic acid was extracted. By increasing the initial concentration of levulinic acid resulted in a decrease of KD and E%. The KD and E% increased by increasing the TOA concentration from 10 to 40% (0.2264 mol/L to 0.9059 mol/L).

The Research on Preparation of Binding Material and Concrete with Desulphurization Gypsum

2014 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ping Tan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Binding Material

The binding material and concrete are prepared by desulphurization gypsum, cement, stone, sand and admixture. The performances of binding material are studied in the paper. The experimental results showed that it is absolutely feasible to prepare binding material by using cement, desulphurization gypsum and superplasticizer after drying and screening of desulphurization gypsum. The binding material was prepared by adding desulphurization gypsum replacing 10 percent cement and superplasticizer. the cement micellae compressive and bending strength of the binding material can meet the standard requirements of P.O42.5 and the binding material’s set time and soundness are up to standard. The concrete was prepared by adding desulphurization gypsum replacing 30 percent cement and superplasticizer. The concrete’s strength is up to standard of the C30 concrete, and its impermeability meets the requirement of P12. To execute the research can not only massively use waste sludge desulphurization gypsum but also solve environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Extraction of Value-Added Minerals from Various Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Wastes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6333
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Govindhan Gnanamoorthy ◽  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Coconut Shells

Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns throughout the world. The rise of industrialization has increased the generation of waste materials, causing environmental degradation and threat to the health of living beings. To overcome this problem and effectively handle waste materials, proper management skills are required. Waste as a whole is not only waste, but it also holds various valuable materials that can be used again. Such useful materials or elements need to be segregated and recovered using sustainable recovery methods. Agricultural waste, industrial waste, and household waste have the potential to generate different value-added products. More specifically, the industrial waste like fly ash, gypsum waste, and red mud can be used for the recovery of alumina, silica, and zeolites. While agricultural waste like rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut shells can be used for recovery of silica, calcium, and carbon materials. In addition, domestic waste like incense stick ash and eggshell waste that is rich in calcium can be used for the recovery of calcium-related products. In agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors, several raw materials are used; therefore, it is of high economic interest to recover valuable minerals and to process them and convert them into merchandisable products. This will not only decrease environmental pollution, it will also provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for materials synthesis. These value-added materials can be used for medicine, cosmetics, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup.

scholarly journals Research Regarding the Flow Rate and Pressure Variation for the Nozzles Mounted on the Eep-600m Spraying Machine

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan DROCAS ◽  
Ovidiu MARIAN ◽  
Ovidiu RANTA ◽  
Sorin STANILA ◽  
Mircea MUNTEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nozzle Flow ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
Nozzle Position ◽  
The Way

Reduced environmental pollution and ensuring fair treatment in crops can be achieved through constructive and functional upgrading of spraying machines. The paper studies the variation of the nozzle flow, liquid pressure and uniformity of distribution for the EEP-600M machine. The experimental results have shown changes in the functional parameters of the nozzle (flow and pressure) depending on the nozzle position on the ramp section. The way of connecting the hoses leading the solution to the ramp and the number of nozzles per segment can influence the uniformity of distribution of the solution.

Characterization, Processing, and Application of Heavy Fuel Oil Ash, an Industrial Waste Material – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568-1595
Author(s):  
Shaik Inayath Basha ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
M. Maslehuddin ◽  
Shamsad Ahmad ◽  
Abbas Saeed Hakeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

scholarly journals Study on the Behaviour of Green Concrete by the use of Industrial waste Material: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
Ashish Shukla ◽  
Nakul Gupta ◽  
Ankur gupta ◽  
Rajesh Goel ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Green Concrete

scholarly journals Research on Industrial Waste Recovery Network Optimization: Opportunities Brought by Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bin Liao ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Image Recognition ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Management System ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Waste Recovery ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Urbanization In China

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, a large amount of waste in industrial parks has become the main cause of regional environmental pollution. In order to solve this problem, this paper relied on artificial intelligence’s prediction technology and image recognition technology to intelligently upgrade the traditional industrial waste planning management system and designed a waste intelligent classification center with intelligent prediction and intelligent classification capabilities. So, as to realize this new intelligent classification center and explain its value, this paper explains the key implementation technology of this intelligent classification center and validates it by constructing a multitarget location model that considers both economic and environmental benefits.

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