scholarly journals Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Solitary Thyroid Nodule

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkan Nasr ◽  
Burkan Nasr ◽  
Mohammed Qubati ◽  
Sultan Qubati ◽  
Abd alhakim Al Tamimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Recurrent Nerve Injury ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Aim Preoperative distinction between benign and malignant in solitary thyroid nodules is important. It helps to avoid unnecessary surgery and its adverse effects, such as hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, and recurrent nerve injury. Methods Descriptive perspective analyzed data over a period of 6 years April 2015__April 2021 in Saudi Hospital at Hajjah, Yemen. 226 thyroid operations for 207 patients ,135 patients diagnosis as Solitary thyroid nodule and 72 patients as Multi nodular goiter. Patients with a clinically solitary thyroid nodule were included in the study group. Results 135 cases of clinically detected STN,126 female and 9 male patients, between 14_65 years age, median 41 years and mean 39.76 years, (94, 41)patients respectively Rt side thyroid effect more than Lt side, FNAC sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was (61%, 72%, 64%)respectively. Postoperative histopathology reported 100 (74%) patients as having benign thyroid nodules and 35 patients (26%) as having malignant thyroid nodules. Postoperative transient hypocalcemia was observed in 9 patients (7%), and temporary horsnese was observed in 3 patients (2%). Conclusion The incidence of malignancy in STN is high. Rapid growth by history and hard fixed nodule by examination and hypoechoic, micro calcification and cervical lymphadenopathy on USG frequently in malignant nodules. Male risk factors for thyroid cancer included age, number and size of nodules. FNAC is more helpful for diagnosing aspiration under USG guidance and reading by experience histopathologists. The type of surgery depends on preoperative evaluation, including history, examination, ultrasound, FNAC result, and intraoperative assessment of the nodule. There are fewer complications of thyroid surgery by experienced surgeons.

scholarly journals Solitary Thyroid Nodule High Incidence of Thyroid Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkan Nasr ◽  
Mohammed Qubati ◽  
S Qubati ◽  
Abdulhakim Al-Tamimi ◽  
Yasser Abd Rabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Recurrent Nerve Injury ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract The Aim: The preoperative distinguish between benign and malignant in solitary thyroid nodule is important. It helps to avoid unnecessary surgery and its adverse effects, such as hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, and recurrent nerve injury.Methods: descriptive perspective analyzed data over a period of 6 years April 2015__April 2021 In Saudi hospital at Hajjah, Yemen. 226 thyroid operations for 207 patients ,135 patients diagnosis as Solitary thyroid nodule and 72 patients as Multi nodular goiter. the patients with a clinically as solitary thyroid nodule were included in the study group. Results: 135 cases of clinically detected STN,126 female and 9 male patients, between 14_65 years age, median 41 years and mean 39.76 years, (94 , 41)patients respectively Rt side thyroid effect more than Lt side, FNAC sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was (61% , 72% , 64%)respectively. Postoperative histopathology was reported 100(74%)patients as benign thyroid nodule and 35 patients(26%) as malignant thyroid nodule . Post operative transient hypocalcemia in 9 patients (7%), and temporary horsnese in 3 patients (2%). Conclusion: The incidence of malignancy in STN is high. Rapid growth by history and hard fixed nodule by examination and hypoechoic, micro calcification and cervical lymphadenopathy on USG frequently in malignant nodules. Male risk factor for thyroid cancer while age, number and size of nodules were not. FNAC more helpful for diagnosis if aspiration under USG guide and reading by experience histopathologest .Type of surgery depending on preoperative evaluation including history, examination, ultrasound, FNAC result, and intraoperative assessment of the nodule .Less complications of thyroid surgery by experience surgeon.

A CLINICAL STUDY OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
U. Shiva ◽  
M. Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

A solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is dened as a palpable discreet swelling in an other wise normal thyroid gland. Found to affect 4-7% of total population with female to male ratio being 4:1. majority of STN are benign. Benign causes include colloid goiter. and dominant nodule of multi nodular goiter. Incidence of malignancies is around 5- 10%. A systemic approach is needed to evaluate and treat STN.

Cushing's syndrome and autonomous thyroid nodules, a variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia?

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Semple ◽  
J. A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Endocrine Neoplasia ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Autonomous Thyroid Nodule

Abstract. Over a 20 year period 4 of 40 (10%) female patients with Cushing' syndrome also had a solitary thyroid nodule. In 3 cases this was an autonomous 'hot' nodule. In the same population only one case of presumed Graves' disease was seen. It is postulated that the association of autonomous thyroid nodule and Cushing's syndrome may represent a variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Solitary Thyroid Nodule with Histopathological Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Samia Quadir ◽  
Sabiha Quadir ◽  
Md Momin Uddin ◽  
Kazi Shameemus Salam ◽  
Mohammad Sazzad Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

Background: Thyroid gland is the largest gland of the body which secretes thyroid hormones named T3 & T4. Incidence of solitary thyroid nodule is common in Bangladesh. Objectives: To validate the ultrasonography evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule comparing with histopathological diagnosis. Methodology: This cross sectional study enrolled 75 patients of age range between 14 to 72 years during July 2016 to June 2018 and the study was carried out in the department of Radiology & Imaging of Ultrasonography evaluation was finally compared with histopathological diagnosis which was considered as gold standard. Results: Among 75 patients are included in this study the age ranged between 14 to 72 years. Majority of the patients 37 (49.3%) were found between 31 to 40 years. 65 (86.3%) were female & 10 (13.3%) were male. All patients were presents with thyroid swelling. In USG findings Microcalcifications were present 9 (12%) in benign & 5(6.7%) in malignant cases. Presence of Halo were in all benign cases 14 (18.7%). Comet tail sign were in 5 (6.7%) in benign & 3 (4%) in malignant cases. Histological nodular goiter were 57 (76%), Follicular adenoma 8 (10.7%), Thyroditis 5 (6.7%) and Papillary carcinoma 4 (5.3%), Follicular Carcinoma 1 (1.3%). Conclusion: This cross sectional study was carried out with an aim to determine the usefulness of ultrasonogram diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule compared with histopathology findings. As the validity test results are higher, it can be concluded that the ultrasonogram is a useful diagnostic modality in the evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2019; 25(2): 76-84

scholarly journals Triple diagnostic test in the evaluation of thyroid nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Snigdha Kamini ◽  
Jainendra K. Arora ◽  
Sunil Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Triple Test ◽  
Follicular Lesions ◽  
Unnecessary Procedures ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
The Bethesda System

Background: Thyroid nodules are a common endocrine disease whose prevalence in India is approximately 12.2%. Although most patients with suspected nodules have benign conditions, the overestimation of malignancy leads to the performance of unnecessary procedures. No clinical, radiological and cytological parameters has singularly shown significant impact on clinical practice and post-operative histopathological examination remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of malignancy.Methods: 55 patients with thyroid nodules were evaluated and the Clinical assessment findings were recorded by McGill thyroid nodule score, ultrasonography findings using TIRADS and FNAC findings by the Bethesda system. The triple test was then used to classify them and these results were compared with the HPE of the post-operative specimen.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of TIRADS, FNAC were higher as compared to clinical score; clinical score had lowest sensitivity of 72.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of triple test was 100%. Triple test had higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating thyroid nodules as compared to any of the three parameters used individually.Conclusions: Triple test has higher accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in determining the nature of thyroid nodule than each of the parameters used individually and it is especially useful in follicular lesions. On the basis of the results of this study, we conclude that the triple test can reliably be used to differentiate benign and malignant nodules preoperatively.

scholarly journals Papillary thyroid cancer in an adolescent with a toxic single nodular goiter

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga S. Rogova ◽  
Goar F. Okminyan ◽  
Lubov N. Samsonova ◽  
Elena V. Kiseleva ◽  
Oleg Yu. Latyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Functional Autonomy

The rate of nodular goiter in children ranges from 0.05 to 5.1%; in this case, the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood amounts to 3―70% of all cases of thyroid pathology. Therefore, the main issue is the differential diagnosis of a nosological variant of a thyroid nodule, which defines the optimal therapeutic tactics for a particular patient. The risk of malignancy is traditionally believed to be low in the case of decompensated functional autonomy of a thyroid nodule; therefore, the need for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) followed by cytomorphological analysis of the aspirate is avoided in most cases. The presented clinical case demonstrates papillary cancer in an adolescent with a toxic single nodular goiter. A thyroid ultrasound examination revealed a nodular lesion in the boy. An increase in the thyroid size and thyrotoxicosis manifestation occurred 3 years later. A cytomorphological study identified follicular neoplasia; scintigraphy revealed a hot nodule. Surgical treatment was planned. Antithyroid therapy was prescribed to prepare for surgery. After compensation of thyrotoxicosis, hemithyroidectomy was performed. A histological examination diagnosed papillary thyroid cancer, which required repeated thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine I131 ablation. The postoperative period was uneventful; the patient well tolerated suppressive levothyroxine therapy. Therefore, the presence of a toxic single nodular goiter does not exclude thyroid cancer, which defines the need to discuss the indications for FNAB of thyroid nodules in children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule and evaluation of the risk factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in a solitary nodule of thyroid

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
A. Manmadha Kishan ◽  
Kameshwari Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Solitary Nodule ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

Background: A solitary nodule may become cosmetically distressing to a patient and occasionally causes pressure symptoms. Less frequently, an autonomously hyper functioning single nodule may cause hyperthyroidism. However, in the greater proportion of patients the major concern relates to the potential of malignancy with in such a nodule. Objective of present study was to study prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule and evaluate the risk factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in a solitary nodule of thyroid.Methods: This is a prospective study of randomly selected patients with clinically palpable, solitary thyroid nodule diagnosed and treated at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar. Total duration of study was two years, from 2010 October to 2012 September.Results: The prevalence was found to be 19.2% in the present study. Majority were females i.e. 86.7%. It was found that maximum i.e. 36% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. Swelling of the thyroid region was present in all cases. 97% of the patients were found to be euthyroid. FNAC showed that majority had follicular neoplasm. Hemi-thyroidectomy was the most common method used in 62 cases. Cytology diagnosis as Follicular neoplasm was the most common indication of surgery in 34 cases. Follicular adenoma was the most common histopathological finding in 43% of the cases. Benign lesion was the most common lesion in both males and females. Papillary cancer was the most common. The sensitivity of FNAC was found to be 94%.Conclusions: FNAC is the gold standard for evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules with an accuracy of 94% in our study. Females are more commonly affected than Males. 11.4% of Solitary Thyroid nodules were malignant. Suspect malignancy at extremes of age. Malignant potential of solitary thyroid nodule after 6th decade is 50%.

scholarly journals Comparison of surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayoob Jat
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Objective: To assess the Solitary thyroid nodules by surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided FNAC and evaluate with the histopathological findings. Methods: This study includes 100 Consecutive patients of a solitary thyroid nodule which were presented to the Outpatients Department of Surgery during the period of two years from September 2016 to August 2018. Exclusion criteria were patients with extra-thyroid swelling, diffuse goiter and multinodular goiter. All patients with a solitary thyroid nodule underwent Surgeon –performed ultrasound-guided FNAC in the department of Radiology. After thyroid surgery, thyroid specimens were sent for histopathology and evaluate with FNAC findings. Results: The study included hundred patients with solitary thyroid nodule, 75(75%) female and 25 (25%) male with a ratio of F 3:1M. The age of the patients ranged from 15-75 years with a mean age of 35 years. The result of 100 cases of Surgeon –performed Ultrasound –guide FNAC of a solitary thyroid nodule were inconclusive in 10 cases (10%), Non-neoplastic in 60 cases (60%) and Neoplastic lesions in 30 cases (30%). After evaluation of findings from FNAC and histopathology, four cases with benign FNAC (adenomatous/colloid Goiter) turnout as neoplastic (papillary carcinoma) on histopathology and six cases with neoplastic FNAC (papillary carcinoma), just two cases turnout as benign (nodular colloid goiter with cystic degeneration) on histopathology. In present study Surgeon – performed Us FNAC has found to be 87.5% sensitive, 95.3% specific and 92.0% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Surgeon – performed Ultrasound-guided FNAC is a safe, simple and accurate technique in the diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.537 How to cite this:Jat MA. Comparison of surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.537 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Detection of Thyroid Nodules with Ultrasound Images Based on Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yu ◽  
Hongjie Wang ◽  
Liyong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Physician Workload

Background: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical entity with high incidence. Ultrasound is often employed to detect and evaluate thyroid nodules. The development of an efficient automated method to detect thyroid nodules using ultrasound has the potential to reduce both physician workload and operator-dependence. Objective: To study the method of automatic detection of thyroid nodules based on deep learning using ultrasound, and to obtain the detection method with higher accuracy and better performance. Methods: A total of 1200 ultrasound images of thyroid nodules and 800 ultrasound thyroid images without nodule are collected. An improved faster R-CNN based detection method of thyroid nodule is proposed. Instead of using VGG16 as the backbone, ResNet is employed as the backbone for faster R-CNN. SVM, CNN and Faster-RCNN methods are used for thyroid nodule detection test. Precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1-score indicators are used to evaluate the detection performance of different methods. Results: The method based on deep learning is superior to that based on SVM. Faster R-CNN method and the improved method are better than CNN method. Compared with VGG16 as the backbone, RestNet101 backbone based faster R-CNN method achieves better thyroid detection effect. From the accuracy index, the proposed method is 0.084, 0.032 and 0.019 higher than SVM, CNN and faster R-CNN, respectively. Similar results can be seen in precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1-Score indicators. Conclusion: The proposed method of deep learning achieves the best performance values with the highest true positive and true negative detection compared to other methods and performs best in the detection of thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals FNAC IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
SOHAIL RAZA ◽  
HAMAD RAZA ◽  
ZAHID SAEED ◽  
Mubasher Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
Histopathological Results

Objective: To determine the significant role of FNAC upon other diagnosticmodalities in pre-operative investigations of patients presenting with solitary thyroid nodules and to compare the postoperative histopathological results with the results of FNAC. Design: A Comparative study. Place and Duration ofStudy: Department of Surgery Combined Military Hospital Quetta and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi fromDecember 1999 to December 2001. Patients and Methods: In this study 46 patients with solitary thyroid nodule werestudied. Only 2 patients were toxic while remaining 44 were with euthyroid. In this study only one case was suspectedto be malignant clinically out of 5 malignant cases. All 46 patients under went thyroid scanning, ultrasound examinationand fine needle aspiration biopsy and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Results: 36 patients (78.26%) wereoperated while 10(21.73%) were managed conservatively. There were 5(10.86%) malignant nodules while 41(89.13%)were benign. All the 5 cases with malignancy were with ‘cold’ nodules on scan as most of others, while ‘solid’ onultrasound examination and so were most of other benign nodules. All cases diagnosed malignant pre-operatively onFNAC, proved to be malignant on histopathology after surgery and the others diagnosed as benign on FNAC provedto be benign. Conclusion: This study shows that conventional investigations for evaluation of solitary thyroid nodulesare inaccurate in identifying the malignant from the benign nodules and their routine use in such patients should beabandoned, while the use of FNAC should be encouraged more in our hospitals as this technique is with high degreeof sensitivity and specificity, cost effective and safe.

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