scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet Impairs Neurological Development of Neonatal Rats And Affects Biochemical Composition of Maternal Brains. Evidence of Functional Recovery In Pups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kosiek ◽  
Zuzanna Rauk ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Anna Cichy ◽  
Marzena Rugieł ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract The ketogenic diet (KD) is a type of diet in which the intake of fats is significantly increases at the cost of carbohydrates while maintaining an adequate amount of proteins. This kind of diet has been successfully used in clinical therapies of drug-resistant epilepsy, but there is still insufficient evidence on its safety when used in pregnancy. To assess KD effects on the course of gestation and fetal development, pregnant females were fed with: (i) KD during pregnancy and lactation periods (KD group), (ii) KD during pregnancy replaced with ND from the day 2 postpartum (KDND group) and (iii) normal diet alone (ND group). The body mass, ketone and glucose blood levels, and food intake were monitored. In brains of KD-fed females, FTIR biochemical analyses revealed increased concentrations of lipids and ketone groups-containing molecules. In offsrings of these females, significant reduction of the body mass and delays in neurological development were detected. However, replacement of KD with ND in these females at the begining of lactation period led to regainment of the body mass in their pups as early as on the postnatal day 14. Moreover, the vast majority of our neurological tests detected functional recovery up to the normal level. It could be concluded that the ketogenic diet undoubtedly affects the brain of pregnant females and impairs the somatic and neurological development of their offspring. However, early postnatal withdrawal of this diet may initiate compensatory processes and considerable functional restitution of the nervous system based on still unrecognized mechanisms.

scholarly journals Interstitial Glucose and Lactate Levels Are Inversely Correlated With the Body Mass Index: Need for In Vivo Calibration of Glucose Sensor Results With Blood Values in Obese Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Enderle ◽  
Isabella Moser ◽  
Cecil Kannan ◽  
Karl Otfried Schwab ◽  
Gerald Urban
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
In Vivo Calibration

Background: Continuously measured glucose and lactate levels in interstitial fluid (ISF) may markedly differ from their respective blood levels. Methods: Combining microdialysis with a bioanalytical microsystem, the interstitial glucose and lactate concentrations of eight male volunteers with different body mass index (BMI) were monitored during a 2-fold glucose tolerance test over the period of three hours. Results: Significant correlations were found between abdominally measured sensor results and reference measurements ( R2 = .967 for glucose and R2 = .936 for lactate, P < .05). The physiological delay of the abdominally observed glucose appearance in the ISF correlated positively with the BMI ( R2 = .787, P < .05). The relative in vivo recovery of glucose and lactate was inversely proportional to the BMI of the volunteers ( R2 = .540 for glucose, R2 = .609 for lactate, P < .05). One subject with a BMI of > 34 kg/m2 showed abdominally as well as the antebrachially significantly reduced tissue glucose values compared to blood glucose values ( P < .001). Conclusions: A very good correlation between abdominally measured sensor results and the results of the reference method verified the reliability of the BioMEMS. The abdominally measured glucose level in ISF decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Therefore, an in vivo calibration of glucose levels in ISF with blood levels seems to be necessary especially in markedly obese subjects.

Testicular development of male mice offsprings exposed to acrylamide and alcohol during the gestation and lactation period

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Şen ◽  
Y Tunali ◽  
M Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Acrylamide (Ac) in the foods and alcohol (Al) in the drinks are unavoidable. Several previous studies demonstrated that these substances which are taken into the body via diet may cause adverse effects in the cells. However, there is no study about how Ac and Al may affect the male reproductive system of the offspring when consumed by the mother during pregnancy and lactation. For this purpose, sexual development in male mice was evaluated after intake of 14 mg/kg Ac and 2 g/kg Al from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. The weight of the offspring was reduced at birth and PND 21 for those exposed to Ac and/or Al. The gonadosomatic index of male offsprings was reduced except for the Ac-treated lactation group. Both substances induced multinuclear giant cells, degenerative cells, atrophic tubules, and maturation-arrested tubules, while decreased Leydig, Sertoli, and spermatogenic cell numbers. Lipid peroxidation level and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity increased in both Al-treated and Ac and Al-treated groups. There was only reduction in the catalase activity during the gestation and lactation periods. These findings suggest that consumption of Ac together with Al may induce impairments on testicular spermatogenesis in male offsprings.

scholarly journals Hydroalcoholic extract and seed of Foeniculum vulgare improve folliculogenesis and total antioxidant capacity level in F1 female mice offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Pourjafari ◽  
Tahereh Haghpanah ◽  
Seyed Noreddin Nematollahi-Mahani ◽  
Fariba Pourjafari ◽  
Massood Ezzatabadipour
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract Background Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) is traditionally suggested for the fertility improvement in Iranian lore due to its antioxidant and phytoestrogen compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of fennel seed and its hydroalcoholic extract on the serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and folliculogenesis in offspring exposed to either of the treatments in utero and 56 days after birth (PND 56). Methods Pregnant NMRI mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 7: extract-treated groups received 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day fennel extract (FE), seed-treated groups received 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day fennel seed (FS), and the control group (CTL) received no treatment. The treatments started from pregnancy day 1 and continued until PND 56. Body and right ovary weights and ovary dimensions were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin stained ovary sections were prepared to calculate the proportion of different follicles. The level of TAC in the serums was also measured by fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching. Results A marked rise in the body and ovary weights of treated mice was observed compared to the CTL group. The mean number of primordial, primary, pre-antral, and pre-ovulatory follicles as well as corpus luteum size in the treated offspring was significantly higher compared to those of CTL offspring. The atretic follicle number was nonsignificantly lower in either of the treatment groups compared with that in the CTL. However, treatment of animals with 500 mg/kg FE showed a more pronounced effect. Animals in FS500, FE500 and FE1000 groups had a significantly higher level of serum TAC compared to the CTL group. Conclusions Fennel extract and seed administration in pregnancy and lactation period improve offspring’s folliculogenesis. Higher level of TAC in the serum of offspring might have positively altered the folliculogenesis milieu.

Effect of pregnancy and lactation on growth of linear measurements in Ayrshire cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
W. S. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Zero Growth ◽  
Size Of Animals ◽  
Linear Body

ABSTRACTThe effects of pregnancy and lactation on growth were investigated in Ayrshire cattle, from data on 12 linear body measurements at 3-monthly intervals up to 4 years of age. In all, 9 888 sets of 12 measurements were obtained. There were 675 first and 518 second calvings.When expressed as a percentage of the size of animals of the same age but in a non-pregnant, non-lactating state, the total set-back to normal growth due to pregancy and lactation ranged from 2% in withers height to 18% in forerib width in heifers, and from 1% to 3% for the same characters in cows.All 12 measurements were affected significantly by first pregnancy (including parturition), the average retardation being 3%. For several measurements, a check to growth during pregnancy was largely obscured by progressive distention of the body, especially in measurements of width, until parturition had occurred. Thus a retardation of 9% in forerib width became apparent only after calving.First lactation affected significantly most measurements, especially the later-maturing six, which were set-back in their normal growth over the lactation period by 3% to 9%. Thus, there was effectively zero- growth in width at forerib and only one-sixth of normal growth in foregirth, whilst growth rate in width at pins and hooks was approximately halved by lactation.Calving at an earlier than average age affected growth adversely and thereby involved some increased risk of calving difficulties.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KADAR TRIASILGLISEROL DARAH PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2011 FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI DENGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH ≥ 23 kg/m2

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels

Abstract: Triacylglycerol, a type of fat found in the blood on the body, is the result of the metabolism from food contains with fat and cholesterol. One of the factors that can increase the blood levels of triacylglycerol is obesity. This study’s aim is to find out about the description of blood triacylglycerol levels at students year 2011 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University with Body Mass Index ≥ 23 kg/m2. This descriptive study, using puposive sampling method, was followed by 26 samples. The level of blood triasyglycerol from all samples in this study was < 150 mg/dL. From the result can be concluded that the description of blood triacylglycerol levels at students Faculty of Medicine year 2011 Sam Ratulangi University with Body Mass Index ≥ 23 kg/m2 is in the normal level. Keywords: triacylglycerol, student year 2011, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2     Abstrak: Triasilgliserol merupakan jenis lemak yang dapat ditemukan di dalam darah dan merupakan hasil uraian tubuh dan makanan yang mengandung lemak dan kolesterol yang dikonsumsi. Salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kadar triasilgliserol dalam darah adalah obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kadar triasilgliserol dalam darah pada mahasiswa angkatan 2011 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi dengan IMT ≥ 23 kg/m2. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2012 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2013. Jenis penelitian berupa penelitian deskriptif dengan metode purpossive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 26 sampel semua memiliki kadar triasilgliserol darah < 150 mg/dL. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa gambaran kadar triasilgiserol darah pada mahasiswa angkatan 2011 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi dengan indeks massa tubuh ≥ 23 kg/m2 berada dalam batas normal. Kata kunci: Triasilgliserol, mahasiswa angkatan 2011, IMT ≥ 23 kg/m2.

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

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