Analysis Disability Indicators Due to Malignant Neoplasms in Kyrgyzstan

In the structure of the first recognized by persons with disabilities, persons with disabilities take a leading position due to malignancies. In the implementation of measures for the prevention and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, it is necessary to carry out a disability analysis with a view to taking measures to reduce it. In the Kyrgyz Republic as a whole, there is a downward trend in dynamics by year, with the exception of 2015 and 2018. The most dysfunctional situation has developed in the Issyk-Kul region, where the largest frequency of primary recognized persons with disabilities is annually noted, and in 2018 and 2020 in the Talas region. In the Issyk-Kul region, despite highly intensive indicators, in comparison with other regions, the dynamics showed a decrease in the frequency of primary recognized persons with disabilities in 2015 by −11.7%, in 2016 by −3.3%, in 2019 by −9.6%, in 2020 by −17.8% with zero growth in 2014 and 2017. The increase was only in 2018 by +6.8%. In the frequency of persons with disabilities due to neoplasms under medical supervision in health organizations, a multi-directional trend was revealed, which is characterized by an increase in all years, with the exception of 2017 and 2020. The highest level of persons with disabilities in all years by region of the republic was observed in the Issyk-Kul region. By year, there was an upward trend in the level of the indicator, with the exception of 2020. The analysis made it possible to identify regions with an unfavorable situation. These include Issyk-Kul, Talas, Osh, Chui, Naryn regions. The precarious situation dictates the need for effective prevention of primary disability due to socially significant pathology leading to disability.

Algae as a part of microorganisms involved in biocorrosion of cement composites with total replacement of natural aggregates by photovoltaic glass

Algae of the Pleurococcus, Trentepohlia and Stichococcus genera were selected for the experiment on the cement composites with total replacement of natural aggregates by recycled photovoltaic glass. The growth of the algae was monitored on cement beams with dimension 40 x 40 x 8 mm (length x width x height) and on the cement crumbling in various proportion. In the case of cement composites with recycled glass from photovoltaic panels, intensive growth was observed in the Trentepohlia genus from the Chlorophyceae class, while in the case of cement crumbling with recycled photovoltaic glass, the most obvious growth in biomass was recorded in the Pleurococcus genus; the Stichococcus and Trentepohlia genera showed minimal or zero growth. This minimal growth is mainly influenced by the pH value and the fact that biocorrosion is accompanied by the effect of symbiotizing microbiota, which mutually support each other, not just one species.

Intuition and exponential growth: bias and the roles of parameterization and complexity

Exponential growth bias is the phenomenon that humans intuitively underestimate exponential growth. This article reports on an experiment where treatments differ in the parameterization of growth: Exponential growth is communicated to one group in terms of growth rates, and in terms of doubling times to the other. Exponential growth bias is much smaller when doubling times are employed. Considering that in many applications, individuals face a choice between different growth rates, rather than between exponential growth and zero growth, we ask a question where growth is reduced from high to low. Subjects vastly underestimate the effect of this reduction, though less so in the parameterization using doubling times. The answers to this question are more severely biased than one would expect from the answers to the exponential growth questions. These biases emerge despite the sample being highly educated and exhibiting awareness of exponential growth bias. Implications for teaching, the usefulness of heuristics, and policy are discussed.

Dimensionless Charts for Predicting the Range of Goaf Roof Caving

In engineering, the method of charts can provide a convenient query for specific engineering problems. To provide the basis for the potential hazard evaluation and rational governance of the goaf, it is necessary to study the quantitative evaluation for the range of goaf roof caving. Undoubtedly, the charts used to visually query the caving range can simplify the workload of the quantitative evaluation. Therefore, the methods of dimensional analysis, numerical simulation, and linear interpolation are introduced to study the dimensionless charts for predicting the caving range. The dimensionless analysis is used to establish the fuzzy function relationship among the influence factors of the goaf roof caving, and the numerical simulation is used to calculate the dimensionless groups in the fuzzy function. Using the linear interpolation, the dimensionless charts in this work can predict the range of goaf roof caving under more working conditions. The results show that the characteristics of the goaf roof caving corresponding to the dimensionless curves are consistent with the actual situation. With the continuous increase of the goaf span l, the dimensionless curves of the caving range experience zero growth, rapid growth, and steady growth. The growth degree varies with the fracture spacing S. Especially in the zero growth phase, the duration of the relatively stable state in the overlying strata of the goaf increases with the increase of fracture spacing S. Moreover, based on the case study of Shirengou Iron Mine, the dimensionless charts obtained in this work can predict the range of goaf roof caving under different working conditions, which indicates the findings of this study have certain guiding significance to the treatment of the goaf.

The Sixth Sector Industrialization of Agriculture and the Relay Shipping of Vegetables in Japan

This paper aims to extract lesson from the experiences of Japan for escaping from the middle income trap which many countries in Asia and Africa confront. This paper will review in detail the efforts to increase the income levels of rural and agricultural firms by establishing a value chain under an almost zero growth economy in the 2000s in Japan. After referring to the condition of Japan agriculture and the framework of structural reform of agricultural policy of Japan, the core action schemes of the Sixth Industrialization and Relay Shipping are focused on. The mechanisms of relay shipping of vegetables and the institutions for facilitating the scheme are reviewed in detail. It is revealed that institutional capacity for greater inter-sector and government coordination are essential for implementing the schemes to establish effective and efficient value chain. These are institutional reform and capacity building efforts in Japan. Experiences in Japan reveal that various executing agencies with good governance are required to establish the mechanism of effective resource mobilization and implement reform of value chain. There have been no detail studies on implementing such reform for establishing sustainable value chain in countries where escaping middle income trap is needed. This study should be useful lesson for countries confronting the middle income trap.

Dynamics of a discrete-time pioneer–climax model

We present a simple mathematical model for the dynamics of a successional pioneer–climax system using difference equations. Each population is subject to inter- and intraspecific competition; population growth is dependent on the combined densities of both species. Nine different geometric cases, corresponding to different orientations of the zero-growth isoclines, are possible for this system. We fully characterize the long-term dynamics of the model for each of the nine cases, uncovering diverse sets of potential behaviors. Competitive exclusion of the pioneer species and of the climax species are both possible depending on the relative strength of competition. Stable coexistence of both species may also occur; in two cases, a coexistence state is destabilized through a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, and an attracting invariant circle is born. The invariant circle eventually disappears into thin air in a heteroclinic or homoclinic bifurcation, leading to the sudden transition of the system to an exclusion state. Neither global bifurcation has been observed in a discrete-time pioneer–climax model before. The homoclinic bifurcation is novel to all pioneer–climax models. We conclude by discussing the ecological implications of our results.

Dynamics of a Discrete-time Pioneer–climax Model

We present a simple mathematical model for the dynamics of a successional pioneer–climax system using difference equations. Each population is subject to inter- and intraspecific competition; population density growth is dependent on the combined densities of both species. Nine different geometric cases, corresponding to different orientations of the zero-growth isoclines, are possible for this system. We fully characterize the long-term dynamics of the model for each of the nine cases, uncovering diverse sets of potential behaviors. Competitive exclusion of the pioneer species and exclusion of the climax species are both possible depending on the relative strength of competition. Stable coexistence of both species may also occur; in two cases, a coexistence state is destabilized through a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and an attracting invariant circle is born. The invariant circle eventually disappears into thin air in a heteroclinic or homoclinic bifurcation, leading to the sudden transition of the system to an exclusion state. Neither global bifurcation has been observed in a discrete-time pioneer–climax model before. The homoclinic bifurcation is novel to all pioneer–climax models. We conclude by discussing the ecological implications of our results.

IsoMaTrix: a framework to visualize the isoclines of matrix games and quantify uncertainty in structured populations

Evolutionary game theory describes frequency-dependent selection for fixed, heritable strategies in a population of competing individuals using a payoff matrix. We present a software package to aid in the construction, analysis, and visualization of three-strategy matrix games. The IsoMaTrix package computes the isoclines (lines of zero growth) of matrix games, and facilitates direct comparison of well-mixed dynamics to structured populations on a lattice grid. IsoMaTrix computes fixed points, phase flow, trajectories, (sub)velocities, and uncertainty quantification for stochastic effects in spatial matrix games. We describe a result obtained via IsoMaTrix’s spatial games functionality, which shows that the timing of competitive release in a cancer model (under continuous treatment) critically depends on the initial spatial configuration of the tumor. Availability The code is available at: https://github.com/mathonco/isomatrix. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.