scholarly journals Platelet is the Early Predictor of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasiaa in Very Premature Infants: An Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Shenghui Wang ◽  
Wenbin Dong ◽  
Xiaoping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Very Premature Infants ◽  
Early Predictor

Abstract Background: A previous study showed that the lungs are involved in the biogenesis of platelets (PLTs). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease, and PLT parameters in very premature infants.Methods: The study subjects were premature infants with a gestational age of < 30 weeks and birth weight of < 1500 g in a preterm birth cohort study recruited between January 1, 2015, and August 31, 2019. BPD was defined as the need for oxygen supplementation more than 28 days after birth. The PLT count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) level were compared between BPD and non-BPD infants. A generalized estimating equation model was used to adjust for confounding factors. A forward stepwise logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for thrombocytopenia in the BPD group.Results: The final study subjects were 134 very premature infants, namely, 64 infants with BPD and 70 infants without BPD. The BPD infants had lower PLT counts (F=25.39, P=0.00) and PCT levels (F=41.16, P=0.00) than the non-BPD infants. However, the MPV (F=37.65, P=0.00) and PDW (F=28.43, P=0.00) were higher in the BPD group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the BPD infants had a higher risk of thrombocytopenia than the non-BPD infants (adjusted OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.21, 8.35), and the risk of BPD was increased in very premature infants with a PLT count ≤ 177*109/l (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.93–11.62) at the end of the second week.Conclusions: Abnormal PLT parameters were observed in BPD infants, and a PLT count ≤ 177*109/l was an early predictor for BPD in very premature infants.

A Historic Cohort Study on Accelerated Advancement of Enteral Feeding Volumes in Very Premature Infants

Neonatology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maas ◽  
S. Mitt ◽  
A. Full ◽  
J. Arand ◽  
W. Bernhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Very Premature Infants ◽  
Historic Cohort

Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. FERGUSSON ◽  
L. J. HORWOOD ◽  
N. R. SWAIN-CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Health And Development

Background. The aims of this research were to use data gathered over the course of a 21 year longitudinal study to examine the linkages between cannabis dependence at ages 18 and 21 and rates of psychotic symptoms taking into account previous symptom levels and other confounding factors.Method. Data were gathered during the course of the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). The CHDS is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children who have been studied from birth to age 21. As part of this study, data were gathered on cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms at ages 18 and 21.Results. Young people meeting DSM-IV criteria for cannabis dependence had elevated rates of psychotic symptoms at ages 18 (rate ratio = 3.7; 95% CI 2.8–5.0; P<0.0001) and 21 (rate ratio = 2.3; 95% CI 1.7–3.2; P<0.0001). These associations were adjusted for previous psychotic symptoms and a range of other confounding factors using a generalized estimating equation model. This analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factors, those meeting criteria for cannabis dependence still had an increased rate of psychotic symptoms (rate ratio = 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.6; P<0.005).Conclusions. The results show that the development of cannabis dependence is associated with increased rates of psychotic symptoms in young people even when pre-existing symptoms and other background factors are taken into account.

scholarly journals Locus of Control and Negative Cognitive Styles in Adolescence as Risk Factors for Depression Onset in Young Adulthood: Findings From a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Costantini ◽  
Alex S. F. Kwong ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Melanie Lewcock ◽  
Deborah A. Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
External Locus ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Probable Depression

Whilst previous observational studies have linked negative thought processes such as an external locus of control and holding negative cognitive styles with depression, the directionality of these associations and the potential role that these factors play in the transition to adulthood and parenthood has not yet been investigated. This study examined the association between locus of control and negative cognitive styles in adolescence and probable depression in young adulthood and whether parenthood moderated these associations. Using a UK prospective population-based birth cohort study: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined the association between external locus of control and negative cognitive styles in adolescence with odds of depression in 4,301 young adults using logistic regression models unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounding factors. Interaction terms were employed to examine whether parenthood (i.e., having become a parent or not) moderated these associations. Over 20% of young adults in our sample were at or above the clinical threshold indicating probable depression. For each standard deviation (SD) increase in external locus of control in adolescence, there was a 19% (95% CI: 8–32%) higher odds of having probable depression in young adulthood, after adjusting for various confounding factors including baseline mood and different demographic and life events variables. Similarly, for each SD increase in negative cognitive styles in adolescence, there was a 29% (95% CI: 16–44%) higher odds of having probable depression in the adjusted model. We found little evidence that parenthood status moderated the relationship between external locus of control or negative cognitive styles in adolescence and probable depression following adjustment for confounding factors. Effect estimates were comparable when performed in the complete case dataset. These findings suggest that having an external locus of control and holding negative cognitive styles in mid- to late adolescence is associated with an increased likelihood of probable depression in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Modifiable Individual Factors Associated with Breastfeeding: A Cohort Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xialing Wu ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Tingting Sha ◽  
Guangyu Zeng ◽  
Shiping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation

Breast milk is an ideal first food for infants in the initial months of life. This study aimed to identify modifiable individual factors in breastfeeding during the first six months of life in Hunan. This birth cohort study was conducted in three communities in Changsha, Hunan province. Data were collected through maternal health manuals and self-administered questionnaires during the follow-up period. To find risk factors and calculate odds ratios, generalized estimating equation models were applied. The final study included 951 mother-infant pairs. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding in this study was below the World Health Organization’s breastfeeding goals. Infant age, passive smoking after delivery, minor postnatal depression, and feeding-bottles were shown to act negatively on both exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding. In addition, cesarean delivery and delayed breastfeeding initiation had adverse effects on exclusive breastfeeding. Multiparas were less likely to continue any breastfeeding during the first few months. This study highlights the importance of screening probable maternal depression during primary care service and reducing secondhand smoke and feeding-bottle use. The results also suggest that healthcare professionals should provide more assistance and education to multiparas and mothers with cesarean delivery or delayed breastfeeding initiation.

scholarly journals Impact of co-occurring hearing and visual difficulties in childhood on educational outcomes: a longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Hill ◽  
Amanda Hall ◽  
Cathy Williams ◽  
Alan M Emond
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundMild hearing and visual difficulties are common in childhood, and both may have implications for educational achievement. However, the impact of co-occurring common hearing and visual difficulties in childhood is not known.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and impact of co-occurring common hearing and visual difficulties of childhood on educational outcomes in primary and secondary school.MethodsThe sample was drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal birth cohort study in England. The exposures were hearing and visual difficulties at age 7 (defined as conductive hearing loss or otitis media with effusion, and amblyopia, strabismus or reduced visual acuity, respectively). The outcomes measured were achievement of level 4 or above at Key Stage 2 (KS2) in English, Maths and Science, respectively, at age 11, and attainment of five or more General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSEs) at grades A*–C at age 16. Multiple logistic regression models assessed the relationship between hearing and visual difficulties and educational outcomes, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results2909 children were included in the study; 261 had hearing difficulties, 189 had visual difficulties and 14 children had co-occurring hearing and visual difficulties. Children with co-occurring hearing and visual difficulties were less likely to achieve the national target at KS2 compared with children with normal hearing and vision, even after adjustment for confounding factors (OR 0.30, CI 0.15 to 0.61 for KS2 English). Differences in IQ, behaviour, attention and social cognition did not account for this relationship. The impact of co-occurring hearing and visual difficulties on GCSE results was explained largely by poor performance at KS2.ConclusionsCo-occurring hearing and visual difficulties in childhood have an enduring negative impact on educational outcomes. Identification of affected children and early intervention in primary school is essential.

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