A New Approach to Study the Degradation of the Organic Pollutants by A-Doped MxOy/B Photocatalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Arabameri ◽  
Hadis Bashiri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract This work presents a new approach and a comprehensive mechanism to study the kinetics of the photodegradation of the organic pollutants. The vital role of various operational factors on the degradation of the organic pollutants is explained using this method. The proposed approach is based on the simple strategies and a powerful computational method. Two new variables “the effective concentration of photon” (Ieff) and “the effective concentration of the reactive-centers” (RC) are defined to better understanding the effect of operational parameters on the organic pollutants photodegradation. The optimum conditions of the photocatalytic degradation can be determined with the help of this method. This approach was used to study the kinetics of photodegradation of the organic pollutants on the A - doped MxOy/B photocatalysts. The provided mechanism has been examined with the some experimental data. The high correlations between the experimental data and the fitting results under different conditions prove this mechanism could be reliable.

Generalized Activation Energy Spectrum Theory: A New Approach for modeling Structural Relaxation in Amorphous Solids

1993 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H. Shin ◽  
Harry A. Atwater
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTA general approach to the dynamics of structural relaxation in amorphous solids is developed. A form of the recombination kinetics of defects is chosen which removes the ad hoc assumption made in previous theories that defects recombine only with others of identical activation energy. The generalized theory is tested quantitatively by modelling the structural relaxation of amorphous silicon, and comparing the results with the experimental data on structural relaxation. It is found that the generalized theory is necessary in order to accurately describe the time-resolved relaxation data. The generalized theory is also applied to estimate the effect of irradiation on the nucleation kinetics of crystal silicon, and is found to agree well with experimental data.

scholarly journals Decoding the Kinetic Limitations of Plasmon Catalysis: The Case of 4-Nitrothiophenol Dimerization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Koopman ◽  
Radwan M. Sarhan ◽  
Felix Stete ◽  
Clemens N. Z. Schmitt ◽  
Matias Bargheer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Multistep Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Unique Ability

Plasmon-mediated chemistry presents an intriguing new approach to photocatalysis. However, the reaction enhancement<br>mechanism is not well understood. In particular, the relative importance of plasmon-generated hot charges and<br>photoheating are strongly debated. In this article, we evaluate the influence of microscopic photoheating on the kinetics of<br>a model plasmon-catalyzed reaction: the light-induced 4-nitrothiophenol (4NTP) to 4,4’-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB)<br>dimerization. Direct measurement of the reaction temperature by nanoparticle Raman-thermometry demonstrated that<br>the thermal effect plays a dominant role in the kinetic limitations of this multistep reaction. On the same time, no reaction<br>is possible by dark heating to the same temperature. This shows that plasmon nanoparticles have the unique ability to<br>enhance several steps of complex tandem reactions simultaneously. These results provide insight into the role of hot<br>electron and thermal effects in plasmonic catalysis of complex organic reactions, which highly important for the ongoing<br>development of plasmon based photosynthesis. <br>

Deep Learning in Toxicologic Pathology: A New Approach to Evaluate Rodent Retinal Atrophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332098067
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina De Vera Mudry ◽  
Jim Martin ◽  
Vanessa Schumacher ◽  
Raghavan Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Image Patches ◽  
Retinal Atrophy ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Whole Slide Images

Quantification of retinal atrophy, caused by therapeutics and/or light, by manual measurement of retinal layers is labor intensive and time-consuming. In this study, we explored the role of deep learning (DL) in automating the assessment of retinal atrophy, particularly of the outer and inner nuclear layers, in rats. Herein, we report our experience creating and employing a hybrid approach, which combines conventional image processing and DL to quantify rodent retinal atrophy. Utilizing a DL approach based upon the VGG16 model architecture, models were trained, tested, and validated using 10,746 image patches scanned from whole slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin-eosin stained rodent retina. The accuracy of this computational method was validated using pathologist annotated WSIs throughout and used to separately quantify the thickness of the outer and inner nuclear layers of the retina. Our results show that DL can facilitate the evaluation of therapeutic and/or light-induced atrophy, particularly of the outer retina, efficiently in rodents. In addition, this study provides a template which can be used to train, validate, and analyze the results of toxicologic pathology DL models across different animal species used in preclinical efficacy and safety studies.

scholarly journals Embedding Higher Education into a Real-World Lab: A Process-Oriented Analysis of Six Transdisciplinary Project Courses

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Beecroft
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Urban Lab

Since the early days of the emerging research format of Real-world Labs (RwLs), higher education plays a vital role in them. Examples have been presented on teaching activities in RwLs, but the reasons for and evidence of their inclusion stays limited. To start a systematic discussion on the embedding of higher education in RwLs, this paper presents the case of six Transdisciplinary Project Courses carried out in the RwL “District Future—Urban Lab” in Karlsruhe/Germany. The paper presents the discourses on the role of learning in RwLs and compares it to those on Transition Labs and Urban Living Labs. To offer a new approach to address this aspect, the paper introduces a social practice perspective to map out the interrelations between an RwL and higher education therein. The detailed analysis of the processes is used to identify the potential of the RwL to support learning. It shows that all dimensions of social practice can be identified in the interplay between Real-world Lab and Transdisciplinary Project Courses, even though to a very different degree and in different phases. The text closes with lessons learned for teaching project courses in RwLs and similar labs.

The Role of Dispersions in Modeling the Kinetics of Phase Transformations

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gouné ◽  
Philippe Maugis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
General Model ◽  
Bainitic Transformation ◽  
Incorrect Prediction ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Overall Kinetics

In classical models of microstructural evolution, the natural dispersion existing in the samples is often neglected. In this paper, we propose a general model that takes into account the dispersion. This model is applied to two cases of phase transformations in steels: the first one concerns the bainitic transformation and the second is dedicated to austenite to ferrite transformation. Through these examples, we show that not taking account the effects of dispersion in the model can lead to (i) incorrect prediction of the overall kinetics or (ii) an incorrect parameter fitting of the experimental data.

scholarly journals Designing and Immunomodulating Multiresponsive Nanomaterial for Cancer Theranostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amreen Khan ◽  
Faith Dias ◽  
Suditi Neekhra ◽  
Barkha Singh ◽  
Rohit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Cancer has been widely investigated yet limited in its manifestation. Cancer treatment holds innovative and futuristic strategies considering high disease heterogeneity. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the most explored pillars; however optimal therapeutic window and patient compliance recruit constraints. Recently evolved immunotherapy demonstrates a vital role of the host immune system to prevent metastasis recurrence, still undesirable clinical response and autoimmune adverse effects remain unresolved. Overcoming these challenges, tunable biomaterials could effectively control the co-delivery of anticancer drugs and immunomodulators. Current status demands a potentially new approach for minimally invasive, synergistic, and combinatorial nano-biomaterial assisted targeted immune-based treatment including therapeutics, diagnosis and imaging. This review discusses the latest findings of engineering biomaterial with immunomodulating properties and implementing novel developments in designing versatile nanosystems for cancer theranostics. We explore the functionalization of nanoparticle for delivering antitumor therapeutic and diagnostic agents promoting immune response. Through understanding the efficacy of delivery system, we have enlightened the applicability of nanomaterials as immunomodulatory nanomedicine further advancing to preclinical and clinical trials. Future and present ongoing improvements in engineering biomaterial could result in generating better insight to deal with cancer through easily accessible immunological interventions.

scholarly journals New Approach to Analysis of Selected Measurement and Monitoring Systems Solutions in Ship Technology

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boleslaw Dudojc ◽  
Janusz Mindykowski
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Ship Operation

This paper is dedicated to certain types of measurement in ship systems, analyzed based on selected case studies. In the introductory part, a simplified structure of a modern cargo ship as an object of measurement and control is presented. Next, the role of measurement in the ship’s operation process is described and commented on, with focus on specifics of local and remote control, both manual and automatic. The key part of the paper is dedicated to a short overview of selected examples of measuring and monitoring systems. The basic criteria for the aforementioned selection are the vital role of the considered systems for safe and effective ship operation as well as documented innovative contribution of Gdynia Maritime University (GMU) in development of the state-of-the-art in the analysed area of measurement. Based on these criteria, the monitoring of operational parameters of main engine and temperature measurement in the ships hazardous areas have been chosen. The aforementioned measurement and monitoring systems are analysed, taking into account both innovation of technical solutions together with their ship technology environment conditions and related legal requirements. Finally, some concluding remarks are formulated.

scholarly journals Decoding the Kinetic Limitations of Plasmon Catalysis: The Case of 4-Nitrothiophenol Dimerization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Koopman ◽  
Radwan M. Sarhan ◽  
Felix Stete ◽  
Clemens N. Z. Schmitt ◽  
Matias Bargheer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Multistep Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Unique Ability

Plasmon-mediated chemistry presents an intriguing new approach to photocatalysis. However, the reaction enhancement<br>mechanism is not well understood. In particular, the relative importance of plasmon-generated hot charges and<br>photoheating are strongly debated. In this article, we evaluate the influence of microscopic photoheating on the kinetics of<br>a model plasmon-catalyzed reaction: the light-induced 4-nitrothiophenol (4NTP) to 4,4’-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB)<br>dimerization. Direct measurement of the reaction temperature by nanoparticle Raman-thermometry demonstrated that<br>the thermal effect plays a dominant role in the kinetic limitations of this multistep reaction. On the same time, no reaction<br>is possible by dark heating to the same temperature. This shows that plasmon nanoparticles have the unique ability to<br>enhance several steps of complex tandem reactions simultaneously. These results provide insight into the role of hot<br>electron and thermal effects in plasmonic catalysis of complex organic reactions, which highly important for the ongoing<br>development of plasmon based photosynthesis. <br>

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

A fuzzy neural network approach for modeling the growth kinetics of FeB and Fe2B layers during the boronizing process

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bendaoud Mebarek ◽  
Mourad Keddam
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuzzy Neural Network ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Neural ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this paper, we develop a boronizing process simulation model based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) approach for estimating the thickness of the FeB and Fe2B layers. The model represents a synthesis of two artificial intelligence techniques; the fuzzy logic and the neural network. Characteristics of the fuzzy neural network approach for the modelling of boronizing process are presented in this study. In order to validate the results of our calculation model, we have used the learning base of experimental data of the powder-pack boronizing of Fe-15Cr alloy in the temperature range from 800 to 1050 °C and for a treatment time ranging from 0.5 to 12 h. The obtained results show that it is possible to estimate the influence of different process parameters. Comparing the results obtained by the artificial neural network to experimental data, the average error generated from the fuzzy neural network was 3% for the FeB layer and 3.5% for the Fe2B layer. The results obtained from the fuzzy neural network approach are in agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the utilization of fuzzy neural network approach is well adapted for the boronizing kinetics of Fe-15Cr alloy.

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