scholarly journals Impact of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide on Essential Nutrients and Silymarin in Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn Grown at Two Different Altitudes of Balochistan Under Cadmium Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mereen Nizar ◽  
Kanval Shaukat ◽  
Noreen Zahra ◽  
Abdul Samad ◽  
Mohammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Exogenous Application

Abstract Cadmium (Cd+2) is a potentially toxic element that inhibits growth and development of several species of plants along with Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn which is an essential medicinal plant belonging to family Asteraceae. The exogenous application with 0.25µM Salicylic acid (SA) and 10µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to ameliorate harmful effects of cadmium (500 µM) on milk thistle were studied that were grown at two different ecological zones of Balochistan province of Pakistan i.e. Quetta (Qta) and Turbat (Tbt). The design of experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Application of SA and H2O2, priming (P), Foliar spray (FS) and combinational treatments (P+FS) were highly helpful in alleviating the negative role of cadmium toxicity. The essential nutrients i.e. nitrate (NO3-), calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K) were affected by Cd+2 induced toxicity however, the substantial role of SA and H2O2 widely helped to reduce the cadmium stress and boosted up the plant nutrients content. In a nutshell, exogenous treatments of SA and H2O2 enhanced the yield potential along with highest silymarin contents in milk thistle seeds which is of prime significance for its medicinal importance in treatment of liver diseases. The data obtained in this study highly recommend the priming and foliar spray of SA and H2O2 on milk thistle plants, as the best solution to alleviative the cadmium toxicity which will ultimately leads to better growth and yield of the plants.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SALICYLIC ACID-INDUCED CHANGE ON FLAVONOIDS PRODUCTION UNDER CADMIUM TOXICITY IN BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH) PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Yana Kavulych ◽  
Myroslava Kobyletska ◽  
Olga Terek
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Tolerance To Cadmium ◽  
Chelating Compounds

Salicylic acid (SA) is an imperative endogenous plant hormone. It is considered as one of the most important signaling molecule, involved in both abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Application of optimal concentrations (0,05 mM) of SA enhances plants tolerance to cadmium stress by modulating levels of several metabolites, including components of antioxidative defense, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, and metal-chelating compounds. We showed that when SA and Cd were applied simultaneously, the damage was less pronounced than without SA. SA treatment itself also caused the oxidative stress, but decreased flavonoids content, regulated phenolic synthesis and lignin formation. Thus, the main purpose was to investigate how SA treatment, used prior the Cd stress, prevented the damaging heavy metal effects in buckwheat plants. And show that regulation of flavonoids and lignin formation are an important indicator of stability and stress resistance. The obtained data will expand the knowledge about the role of phenolic compounds and the action of salicylate under the cadmium chloride conditions. Also data with this type of buckwheat – Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Rubra variety under the action of cadmium chloride and salicylic acid not found.

scholarly journals Restoration of Defective Cross Talk in ssi2 Mutants: Role of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, and Fatty Acids in SSI2-Mediated Signaling

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kachroo ◽  
Aardra Kachroo ◽  
Ludmila Lapchyk ◽  
David Hildebrand ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Basal Level Expression ◽  
Sa Signaling ◽  
Spontaneous Cell Death

The Arabidopsis mutants ssi2 and fab2 are defective in stearoyl ACP desaturase, which causes altered salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense signaling. Both ssi2 and fab2 plants show spontaneous cell death, express PR genes constitutively, accumulate high levels of SA, and exhibit enhanced resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. In contrast to constitutive activation of the SA pathway, ssi2 and fab2 plants are repressed in JA-mediated induction of the PDF1.2 gene, which suggests that the SSI2-mediated signaling pathway modulates cross talk between the SA and JA pathways. In this study, we have characterized two recessive nonallelic mutants in the ssi2 background, designated as rdc (restorer of defective cross talk) 2 and rdc8. Both ssi2 rdc mutants are suppressed in constitutive SA signaling, show basal level expression of PR-1 gene, and induce high levels of PDF1.2 in response to exogenous application of JA. Interestingly, while the rdc8 mutation completely abolishes spontaneous cell death in ssi2 rdc8 plants, the ssi2 rdc2 plants continue to show some albeit reduced cell death. Fatty acid (FA) analysis showed a reduction in 16:3 levels in ssi2 rdc8 plants, which suggests that this mutation may limit the flux of FAs into the pro-karyotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis. Both rdc2 and rdc8 continue to accumulate high levels of 18:0, which suggests that 18:0 levels were responsible for neither constitutive SA signaling nor repression of JA-induced expression of the PDF1.2 gene in ssi2 plants. We also analyzed SA and JA responses of the fab2-derived shs1 mutant, which accumulates levels of 18:0 over 50% lower than those in the fab2 plants. Even though fab2 shs1 plants were morphologically bigger than fab2 plants, they expressed PR genes constitutively, showed HR-like cell death, and accumulated elevated levels of SA. However, unlike the ssi2 rdc plants, fab2 shs1 plants were unable to induce high levels of PDF1.2 expression in response to exogenous application of JA. Together, these results show that defective cross talk in ssi2 can be restored by second site mutations and is independent of morphological size of the plants, cell death, and elevated levels of 18:0.

Role of salicylic acid in resistance to cadmium stress in plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouping Liu ◽  
Yanfei Ding ◽  
Feijuan Wang ◽  
Yaoyao Ye ◽  
Cheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Stress

Role of ABA, salicylic acid, calcium and hydrogen peroxide on antioxidant enzymes induction in wheat seedlings

Plant Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Agarwal ◽  
R.K. Sairam ◽  
G.C. Srivastava ◽  
Aruna Tyagi ◽  
R.C. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

scholarly journals Role of Proline in Mitigating the Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress in Chillies

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Akram ◽  
C.M. Ayyub ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Ali Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency

Summary Chilli is a spicy crop which belongs to family Solanaceae. As a vegetable crop, it is considered as one of the major cultivated crops in the world seriously affected by the climatic changes, including elevation in temperature. Therefore, in this research various morpho-physiological characteristics of chilli were studied for heat tolerance under the influence of exogenous application of proline. This research was carried out in a growth room of the Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Four chilli genotypes were evaluated under the applied conditions. Seeds were grown in plastic pots. Heat stress (40/32 ºC day and night temperature) was applied 30 days after the emergence. Foliar spray of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) was applied during heat stress, and after 7 days of stress the plants were harvested. The results revealed that the inhibition of chilli growth by heat stress was successfully mediated by proline application. Morphological attributes such as the number of leaves per plant, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight were reduced in response to heat stress, and physiological attributes such as photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and chlorophyll contents were also reduced in response to heat stress, except transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, which increased under heat stress and showed recovery by proline application. Exogenous application of proline promoted tolerance against heat stress in chilli genotypes and enhanced growth. All the observed traits exhibited recovery in response to proline stimulus, indicating the role of proline in mitigating the consequences of heat stress. Recovery also depends on genetic capability of various cultivars.

The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Dioxygen Induced Hydroxylation of Salicylic Acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2447-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Lang ◽  
Dana M. Wagnerová ◽  
Jiřina Brodilová
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Radical Scavengers

The photochemically initiated oxidation of salicylic acid by molecular oxygen in the presence of [Fe(C2O4)3]3- leads to a mixture of 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids. Iron(II) generated by the photoreduction is reoxidized by dioxygen. Hydrogen peroxide formed in this reaction takes part in the Fenton reaction in the presence of Fe(II). Experiments with OH. radical scavengers document the role of the radicals in the photochemical and thermal hydroxylation of salicylic acid.

scholarly journals Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency and Enzyme Activities of Leguminous Plant under Cadmium Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Naseer ALYEMENI ◽  
Qaiser HAYAT ◽  
Leonard WIJAYA ◽  
Shamsul HAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Cd Exposure

The present study was designed with an objective to elucidate the effect of the exogenous application of 10-5 M of salicylic acid (SA) to the foliage of the chickpea plants exposed to 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg cadmium (Cd) per kg of soil. The foliage of the plants grown in soil amended with varying doses of Cd was sprayed with 10-5 M of SA at 30 days after sowing (DAS). The plant samples were collected at 60 and 90 DAS to assess various parameters. The damage caused due to the Cd exposure was partially overcome by the exogenous application of SA. The SA treatment resulted in a significant increase of growth, photosynthesis, yield and the activity of antioxidative enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the plants exposed to 0, 25 or 50 mg Cd per kg of soil. However, the treatment did not prove to be fruitful in alleviating completely the stress generated by 100 mg Cd per kg of soil.

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