Partner bereavement and brain pathologies: a propensity score matching study
Abstract Background: Partner bereavement is one of life’s greatest stresses and has been suggested to trigger or accelerate cognitive decline and dementia. However, little information is available about potential brain pathologies underlying the association between partner bereavement and cognitive decline. Aims: We aimed to test the hypothesis that lifetime partner bereavement is associated with in vivo human brain pathologies underlying cognitive decline. Method: A total of 319 ever-married older adults between 61 and 90 years of age underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and multimodal brain imaging including [11C] Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography (PET), AV-1451 PET, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Participants were classified as experiencing no partner bereavement or partner bereavement, and comparisons using propensity score matching (59 cases and 59 controls) were performed. Partner bereavement was significantly associated with higher cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume compared to no partner bereavement. Interactions and subsequent subgroup analyses showed that partner bereavement was significantly associated with higher WMH in the older (>75 years) subgroup and among those with no- or low-skill occupations. In addition, partner bereavement at 60 years or over affect WMH volume compared to no partner bereavement, whereas partner bereavement at 60 years did not. No group differences were observed in other brain pathologies between partner bereavement categories. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the partner bereavement may contribute to dementia or cognitive decline by increasing cerebrovascular injury, particularly in older individuals and those with no- or low-skill occupations.