Ten Years Trend of Malaria Prevalence in Ziway Dugda District, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia 2011-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Million Getachew Mesfun ◽  
Shimelis Teshome Ayalneh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Monthly Report ◽  
Arsi Zone ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Successive Reduction

Abstract Background: Malaria has been one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia for decades. Recent reports from different part of the country showed that the trend of malaria is declining. However, there is a need for periodic assessing the trend of malaria in different malaria endemic areas of the country as part of the planed malaria elimination strategies. Methods: Ten years retrospective data of blood film examination was collected from the laboratory registration book and monthly report of Ogolcho health center and analyzed to assess the trend of malaria prevalence in Ziway dugda distric, one of the malaria endemic areas in Arsi zone, Ethiopia. Result: From the total of 38,094 malaria suspected patients, 4,863(12.8%) patients were malaria positive microscopically, with 3,301(67.9%) P.vivax, 1545(31.8%) P.falciparum and 17(0.35%) mixed infection. There was a fluctuating trend of malaria within the last ten years, with annual total cases of malaria ranged from 1685 in 2013 to 103 in 2020 and there was successive reduction in malaria prevalence from 2013 onwards. Conclusion: Trend of malaria was declining in Ziway dugda district with shift in dominancy of the circulating species (P.vivax).

scholarly journals Epidemic of plague amidst COVID-19 in Madagascar: efforts, challenges, and recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Tunde Aborode ◽  
Ana Carla dos Santos Costa ◽  
Anmol Mohan ◽  
Samarth Goyal ◽  
Aishat Temitope Rabiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Face ◽  
Endemic Areas

AbstractThe plague has been wreaking havoc on people in Madagascar with the COVID-19 pandemic. Madagascar’s healthcare sector is striving to respond to COVID-19 in the face of a plague outbreak that has created a new strain on the country’s public health system. The goal and activities of the gradual epidemic of plague in Madagascar during COVID-19 are described in this research. In order to contain the plague and the COVID-19 pandemic in this country, we have suggested long-term recommendations that can help to contain the outbreak so that it may spread to non-endemic areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STHs)Among Pupils of Community Primary Schools in Nkpor and Mgbodohia, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeBari Barine Gboeloh ◽  
Ike-Ihunwo Chikaire Ndamzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State

ABSTRACTSoil transmitted helminthes (STHs) are common public health concern among children in Sub saharan Africa. A study to determine the prevalence and intensity of these parasites among pupils of two primary schools in Nkpor and Mgbodohia communities, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria was conducted. The formo-ether concentration technique was used to concentrate and separate the eggs and cysts from the faeces. Out of 107 pupils (56males and 51 females) investigated, 81 (75.7 %) were positive for at least one gastrointestinal helminth. The parasites identified included Ascaris lumbricoide(58.0%), Hookworms(28.4%), Trichirus trichiura(13.6%) and A.lumbricoide + T. trichiura (6.3%). Ascaris lumbricoide was significantly (P<0.05) higher in prevalence than other parasites. Although more females (54.3%) were infected than males (45.7%), there was no significance(P>0.05) difference in the prevalence in relation to sex. Of the 44 males infected, 24(54.5%), 5 (11.4%), 13(29.5%) and 2(4.5%) haboured A. lumbricoide, T. trichiura, Hookworms and mixed infection (A. lumbricoide + T. trichiura) repectively. Out of the 37 females infected, 21 (56.8%), 3(8.1%), 10(27.0%) and 3(8.1%) haboured A. lumbricoide, T. trichiura, Hookworms and mixed infection (A. lumbricoide + T. trichiura) repectively. There was no significance difference in the prevalence of A. lumbricoide and Hookworms between males (54.5%) and females (56.8%). There was significant difference in prevalence among two major age groups (5-10years-45% and 11-15years-41.9%). Children within the age group of 16-20years had the least infection (9.9%). The intensities of A.lumbricoide, T.trichiura and hookworm were 246.5, 107.5 and 187 Epg respectively. The intensity of A. lumbricoide was significantly difference than other parasites identified.Soil transmited helminthes remain a public health concern among children in the study area. Provision of portable water, toilet facilities, good education on the epidemiology of STHs and regular de-worming will enhance control measures.

scholarly journals Decreasing Trend of Plasmodium Falciparum and Vivax Transmission in Mojo Health Center, East Shoa Oromia Region, Ethiopia: a Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andargie Abate ◽  
Lemu Golassa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contextual Diversity ◽  
Health And Economic Development

Abstract Introduction: Malaria continues to strike hardest against the public health and economic development in Ethiopia. Its transmission tends to be highly heterogeneous within or between years, and from area to area which need understanding of the contextual diversity of malaria prevalence within each site to deliver optimal intervention according to the site specific situation of the disease. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the trend prevalence of malaria in Mojo health center, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Mojo health center, East Shoa zone, Ethiopia from February to March, 2021. Malaria cases and related data reported 2016-2020 were carefully reviewed from laboratory registration logbooks. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software.Results: A total of 19, 106 blood films were examined from malaria suspected patients. The overall microscopically confirmed prevalence of malaria was 4.2%. P. vivax was the predominant species accounting 76.2% of positive samples. Malaria cases declined from 259 in 2016 to 77 in 2020. The proportion of malaria was higher among males (64.8%) than females (35.2%) in all five years. Higher malaria cases was observed from the age group 15-24 years old followed by the age group of 25-34. Malaria cases were at a peak level from September-November and lowest from December-February.Conclusion: Although the declining trend of malaria prevalence was observed, malaria still remains a public health burden in the area. The high burden of malaria among reproductive age group, males, and during cultivation season reflects its impact on health and economic development. Shifting of P. falciparum to P.vivax related malaria should get an attention during prevention and control strategies for the successful progress of malaria elimination programme.

scholarly journals Quality Control Assessment of Canadian Laboratories Testing for Lyme Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Harvey Artsob ◽  
Maxwell Garvie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Assay ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Negative Controls

In June 1990 a quality control assessment was undertaken of Canadian public health laboratories testing for antibodies toBorrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. Twenty sera were distributed to nine laboratories, including 12 obtained from patients in Lyme endemic areas and presumed to be serological positives, and eight prescreened negative controls. Seventeen serological reports were submitted, comprising nine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), six immunofluorescent assays and two Western blot assessments. Antibodies were detected in 11 of the 12 sera which had been presumed to be positive. Assuming 11 positive sera had been submitted, the test sensitivities varied from 88.9 to 100% byelisa, and 54.5 to 90.1% by immunofluorescent assay. Specificities were 100% for all but oneelisaand one immunofluorescent assay assessment. The results indicate a satisfactory performance byelisabut a need for upgrading or replacement of some immunofluorescent assay tests.

scholarly journals A five year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Guba district, Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, western Ethiopia: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemsia Alkadir ◽  
Tegenu Gelana ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, malaria is a serious public health concern and has great impact on socio-economy. The trend analysis of malaria data from health facilities is useful for understanding its transmission dynamics and implementing evidence-based malaria control strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of malaria infection in Guba district, western Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken at Mankush Health Centre, western Ethiopia. All malaria cases reported from 2014 to 2018 were carefully reviewed from the laboratory record books to determine the trends of malaria morbidity. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results In total, 16,964 malaria suspects were diagnosed using microscopy over the last 5 years, of which 8658 (51.04%) were confirmed positive cases. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection (both species) accounted for 75.2, 24.5 and 0.28% of the cases, respectively. Males patients were more affected (n = 5028, 58.1%) than female ones (n = 3630, 41.9%). Of the total confirmed cases, 60.4% were age group of subjects (≥ 15 years) followed by 22.6% of 5–14 years and 15.9% of under 5 years. High malaria prevalence was observed in spring (September to November) season, while the least was observed in autumn (March to May) with the prevalence of 45.6 and 11.5%, respectively. Conclusions The study demonstrated that malaria is a public health concern, in which P. falciparum is the predominant species followed by P. vivax. Therefore, the district health bureau and other concerned stakeholders should strength evidence-based malaria control and prevention interventions to interrupt disease transmission and eventual reduction malaria of malaria cases in Guba district.

scholarly journals M. tuberculosis microvariation is common and is associated with transmission: analysis of three years prospective universal sequencing in England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wyllie ◽  
Trien Do ◽  
Richard Myers ◽  
Vlad Nikolayevskyy ◽  
Derrick Crook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Data ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Incidence

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence, association with disease status, and public health impact of infection with mixtures of M. tuberculosis strains is unclear, in part due to limitations of existing methods for detecting mixed infections.MethodsWe developed an algorithm to identify mixtures of M. tuberculosis strains using next generation sequencing data, assessing performance using simulated sequences. We identified mixed M. tuberculosis strains when there was at least one mixed nucleotide position, and where both the mixture’s components were present in similar isolates from other individuals. We determined risk factors for mixed infection among isolations of M. tuberculosis in England using logistic regression. We used survival analyses to assess the association between mixed infection and putative transmission.Findings6,560 isolations of TB were successfully sequenced in England 2016-2018. Of 3,691 (56%) specimens for which similar sequences had been isolated from at least two other individuals, 341 (9.2%) were mixed. Infection with lineages other than Lineage 4 were associated with mixed infection. Among the 1,823 individuals with pulmonary infection with Lineage 4 M. tuberculosis, mixed infection was associated with significantly increased risk of subsequent isolation of closely related organisms from a different individual (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05,1.94), indicative of transmission.InterpretationMixtures of transmissible strains occur in at least 5% of tuberculosis infections in England; when present in pulmonary disease, such mixtures are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis transmission.FundingPublic Health England; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit Oxford; European Union.Research in ContextEvidence Before This StudyWe searched Pubmed using the search terms ‘tuberculosis’ and ‘mixed’ or ‘mixture’ for English Language articles published up to 1 April 2019. Studies, most performed without the benefit of genomic sequencing, report mixed TB infection from a range of medium and high prevalence areas and show it to be associated with delayed treatment response. Modelling suggests detection and treatment of mixed TB infection is an important goal for TB eradication campaigns. Although routine DNA sequencing of M. tuberculosis isolates is becoming widespread, efficient methods for detecting mixed infection from such data are underdeveloped, and the true prevalence of mixed infection and its association with transmission is unclear.Added Value of This StudyThis study investigated a large series of TB isolations obtained as part of a routine Mycobacterial sequencing program by two reference laboratories, in a low incidence area, England. We developed an efficient generalisable approach to identify transmitted mixed M. tuberculosis infection; our approach is capable of sensitive and specific detection of a single mixed nucleotide position. We identified mixed infection of similar strains (‘microvariation’) in about 9.2% of the M. tuberculosis samples which we were able to assess, and found evidence of increased transmission from individuals with mixed infection.Implications of All the Available EvidenceTB microvariation is a risk factor for TB transmission, even in the low incidence area studied. Although an efficient and highly specific technique identifying microvariation exists, it relies on comparison with similar sequences isolated from other patients. Sharing of sequence data from the many TB sequencing programs being deployed globally will increase the sensitivity of microvariation detection, and may assist targeted public health interventions.

scholarly journals A five year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Guba district, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemsia Alkadir ◽  
Tegenu Gelana ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, malaria is a serious public health concern and has great impact on socio-economy. The trend analysis of malaria data from health facilities is useful for understanding its transmission dynamics and implementing evidence-based malaria control strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of malaria infection in Guba district, western Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken at Mankush Health Centre, western Ethiopia. All malaria cases reported from 2014 to 2018 were carefully reviewed from the laboratory record books to determine the trends of malaria morbidity. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: In total, 16,964 malaria suspects were diagnosed using microscopy over the last 5 years, of which 8,658 (51.04%) were confirmed positive cases. Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax , and mixed infection (both species) accounted for 75.2%, 24.5% and 0.28% of the cases, respectively. Males patients were more affected (n=5,028, 58.1%) than female ones (n=3,630, 41.9%). Of the total confirmed cases, 60.4% were age group of subjects (≥ 15 years) followed by 22.6% of 5-14 years and 15.9% of under 5 years. High malaria prevalence was observed in spring (September to November) season, while the least was observed in autumn (March to May) with the prevalence of 45.6% and 11.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that malaria is a public health concern, in which P. falciparum is the predominant species followed by P . vivax . Therefore, the district health bureau and other concerned stakeholders should strength evidence-based malaria control and prevention interventions to interrupt disease transmission and eventual reduction malaria of malaria cases in Guba district. Key words : Ethiopia, Guba, malaria, prevalence, retrospective

scholarly journals Occurrence of Mixed Infection of Tick-Borne Haemoparasite of Cattle in Selected Abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
T. S. Atsuwe ◽  
E. U. Amuta ◽  
G. N. Imandeh ◽  
E. T. Azua
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
West African ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
North Bank ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cattle Market ◽  
Very High

A study on the occurrence of mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite of cattle in selected abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria was carried out. Blood sample were collected randomly from a total of 216 cattle slaughtered at abattoir in both dry and wet season at Wurukum abattoir, Wadata abattoir, Modern Market Abattoir, Cattle Market Abattoir North Bank, Cattle Market North Bank and University of Agriculture cattle farm, Makurdi and analyzed using Microscopic method by thin blood film. Horn method was used to determine the age of the examined cattle and the collected data was analyzed using T-test, p values at ≤ was considered statistically significant. The result showed that the rate of infection was seen to increase progressively in cattle of age 6–7 through age 10–11 with the highest prevalence recorded in age 10–11 in dry season and the lowest percentage of infection recorded in age 2–3 and cattle of age 0–1 showed the highest (27(75.00 %)) rate of infection while age 6–7 showed the lowest rate of infection in wet season. But the difference was not statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05). Male cattle recorded a non statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) higher (53.13 %) occurrence of infection while female recorded a lower occurrence of 50.0 %. The result of mixed infection revealed the occurrence of Bebesia, Anaplasmamaginal, Anaplasma central and Theileria. 100 % of mixed infection of Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal and Anaplasma central and Anaplasmamaginaloccurred in West African Dwarf cattle and Sokoto gudali respectively. There was no occurrence of mixed infection of Theileria and Anaplasma central across all the examined species of cattle. White Fulani recorded mixed infection of Anaplasma central&Anaplasmamaginal, Bebesia&Anaplasma central and Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal of 4(30.8 %), 4(30.8 %) and 5(38.5 %) percent respectively.Muturu species did not record any occurrence of mixed infection of tick borne haemoparasite.The result of the study shows that mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite infection are very high and common among cattle hence, preferences should be given to inspection of older male cattle and optimal management of all ruminant animals against ticks and tick-borne related infection.

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