scholarly journals Transcriptomics and Metagenomics of Common Cutworm (Spodoptera Litura) and Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) Reveal Their Differences on Detoxification and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixiang Tang ◽  
Fangyuan Liu ◽  
Yue Lan ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Related Pathway

Abstract BackgroundSpodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes great damage to agriculture. We performed RNA-seq from 15 individuals of S. litura, including different larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also sequenced the Spodoptera frugiperda to compared with the S. litura. ResultsA total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the S. litura may undergo active development and basic metabolism, such as xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism, during its larvae and adult stages, which explains the difficulty to control it. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and developmental, but S. litura were highly enriched in energy and metabolic processes, whereas S. frugiperda had stronger nervous and olfactory functions. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota can both participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes in them, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than that of S. litura. ConclusionsTherefore, we can conclude that the detoxification ability of S. frugiperda is stronger than that of in S. litura, which is related to the wide adaptation and strong resistance of S. frugiperda. Our study might provide clues to the development of novel pest control strategies.

scholarly journals Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Cuticular Protein Genes Responding to Different Insecticides in Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Jia-Ying Zhu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Kai-Ran Xiao ◽  
Shu-Qi He ◽  
Fu-Rong Gui
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Functional Investigation

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a serious pest of crucial crops causing great threats to the food security of the world. It has evolved resistance to various insecticides, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Cuticular proteins (CPs), as primary components in cuticle, play an important role in insects’ protection against environmental stresses. Few of them have been documented as participating in insecticide resistance in several insect species. In order to explore whether CP genes of the FAW exhibit a functional role in responding to insecticides stress, a total of 206 CPs, classified into eight families, were identified from the genome of the FAW through a homology-based approach coupled with manual efforts. The temporal expression profiles of all identified CP genes across developmental stages and their responses to 23 different insecticides were analyzed using the RNA-seq data. Expression profiling indicated that most of the CP genes displayed stage-specific expression patterns. It was found that the expression of 51 CP genes significantly changed after 48 h exposure to 17 different insecticides. The expression of eight CP genes responding to four insecticides were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The results showed that their overall expression profiles were consistent with RNA-seq analysis. The findings provide a basis for further functional investigation of CPs implied in insecticide stress in FAW.

scholarly journals Identification of transcriptome and fluralaner responsive genes in the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius, based on RNA-seq

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Qiang Jia ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Ying-Chuan Peng ◽  
Zhao-Jun Han ◽  
Chun-Qing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Impact of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) on small-scale maize farmers and its control strategies in the Limpopo province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mankwana C. Makgoba ◽  
Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo ◽  
Livhuwani R. Nnzeru ◽  
Rudzani A. Makhado
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

South Africa experienced major outbreaks of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), causing direct damage by feeding on both vegetative and reproductive parts of host plant. The study was conducted to determine the level of impact of fall armyworm on small-scale maize famers after the outbreak of fall armyworm and their control strategies at Ga-Mashashane and Mankweng villages in the Limpopo province. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed to gather information on the damage caused by fall armyworm, economic impact on the local market and control measures on fall armyworm. Using a snowball sampling procedure, 63 small-scale maize farmers from the two villages of the Limpopo province, South Africa, were randomly selected for this study. The results showed that all participants could correctly identify the fall armyworm and reported it as the most important maize pest during 2016–2017 cropping season. The maize yield loss experienced by affected farmers in the 2016–2017 cropping season was slightly lower as compared with the 2015–2016 harvest. These farmers used pesticides as a control measure for fall armyworm. Fall armyworm has become a major pest in South Africa and the tackling of fall armyworm by small-scale farmers and averting yield losses is thus critical. This study contributes to the knowledge on fall armyworm management by small-scale farmers, which is essential to enhancing food security.

scholarly journals Grapevine defoliation by Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orcial Ceolin Bortolotto ◽  
Aline Pomari-Fernandes ◽  
Gilberto Rostirolla Batista de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest that causes losses in several crops. The knowledge of host plants is essential for establishing management and control strategies. The present study reported the first occurrence of S. frugiperda in Brazilian grapevines. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out in the laboratory to understand the biological aspects of the damage to different structures (leaves and grapes). This information will be essential to assess the potential of S. frugiperda damage to vines.

scholarly journals Diversity of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and their gut bacterial community in Kenya

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gichuhi ◽  
Subramanian Sevgan ◽  
Fathiya Khamis ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg ◽  
Hannalene du Plessis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Rice Strain ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogen ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Background The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a polyphagous pest that causes widespread damage particularly to maize and sorghum in Africa. The microbiome associated with S. frugiperda could play a role in the insects’ success and adaptability. However, bacterial communities in S. frugiperda remain poorly studied. Methods We investigated the composition, abundance and diversity of microbiomes associated with larval and adult specimens of S. frugiperda collected from four maize growing regions in Kenya through high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The population structure of S. frugiperda in Kenya was assessed through amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Results We identified Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most dominant bacterial phyla and lesser proportions of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. We also observed differences in bacterial microbiome diversity between larvae and adults that are a likely indication that some prominent larval bacterial groups are lost during metamorphosis. However, several bacterial groups were found in both adults and larvae suggesting that they are transmitted across developmental stages. Reads corresponding to several known entomopathogenic bacterial clades as well as the fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium rileyi, were observed. Mitochondrial DNA haplotyping of the S. frugiperda population in Kenya indicated the presence of both “Rice” and “Corn” strains, with a higher prevalence of the “Rice” strain.

Gene Expression Differences Between Developmental Stages of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-588
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Qiao Yang ◽  
Ruixiang Tang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Zhenxin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fall Armyworm

scholarly journals Selection and Evaluation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Shipeng Han ◽  
Qiuju Qin ◽  
Da Wang ◽  
Yayuan Zhou ◽  
Yunzhuan He
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Convenient Technique

As an accurate and convenient technique, the qRT-PCR is always used in the quantitative expression analysis of functional genes. Normalization of the data relies on stable reference genes. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is an important invasive and migratory pest that seriously threatens corn production around the world. In this paper, we selected 10 candidate reference genes (18S, AK, RPL10, RPS24, 28S, SOD, ATP, GAPDH, ACT, and a-TUB) and determined their expression levels under different conditions (different developmental stages, various tissues, mating status, hormones, diets, and temperatures). Subsequently, the stability of reference genes was evaluated by four algorithms (Delta Ct method, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper). The optimal combination of reference genes for each treatment was obtained by geNorm. Finally, the comprehensive ranks were determined by the online tool RefFinder. Results showed that the most stable reference genes were SOD, RPL10, and RPS24 for developmental stages, α-TUB, RPL10, and ATP for different tissues, AK, RPL10, and 18S for mating status, 18S and AK under hormone treatment, 18S, RPL10, and SOD under diet treatment, RPL10, 18S, and RPS24 under temperature treatment. This study confirmed recent data on a few reference genes and provided an evaluation of a number of additional reference genes of S. frugiperda under various conditions.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Various Developmental Stages of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, to Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Rajendra Acharya ◽  
Hwal-Su Hwang ◽  
Md Munir Mostafiz ◽  
Yeon-Su Yu ◽  
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Highly Virulent

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, which is native to Central and South America, has recently invaded Africa and Asia, causing serious damage to various crops. Although management to date has been largely unsuccessful, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biological control agent that could be used to control the late larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda that dwell under the ground. Here, we compared the virulence of seven EPNs against larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda. In a Petri dish assay, both Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae were highly virulent against younger larvae, whereas S. arenarium and S. longicaudum were highly virulent against older larvae. In contrast, H. bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis sp., and S. kushidai showed low virulence against all larval stages. In soil column and pot assays, H. indica, S. carpocapsae, and S. longicaudum were highly virulent against late larval and pupal stages compared with the other EPN species. Thus, H. indica, S. carpocapsae, and S. longicaudum are recommended for the biological control of S. frugiperda. Our study provides important information of EPNs for the practical application of biological control of fall armyworm.

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