scholarly journals The Feasibility of Binary and Ternary Hydrate Mixtures of CH4, CO2 and C3H8 for Metals Removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Abulkhair ◽  
Abdulmohsen Alsaiari ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Sirisha Nallakukkala ◽  
Bhajan Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Abstract The selection of suitable hydrate formers and their respective gas composition for high hydrate formation driving force is critical to achieve high water recovery and metals removal efficiency in the hydrate-based desalination process. This study presents a feasibility analysis on the possible driving force and subcooling temperatures for the binary and ternary mixtures of methane, carbon dioxide, and propane for hydrates-based desalination process. The driving force and subcooling of the gas systems was evaluated by predicting their hydrate formation phase boundary conditions in 2 wt.% NaCl systems at pressures ranges from 2.0 - 4.0 MPa and temperatures of 1 – 4°C using Modified Peng-Robinson Equation of State in the PVTSim software package. The results suggested that the driving force of CH4-C3H8 and CO2+C3H8 binary systems are similar to their ternary. Thus, the use of binary systems is preferable and simpler than the ternary systems. For binary gas composition CO2+C3H8 (70:30) exhibited a higher subcooling temperature of 8.07 ºC and driving force of 1.49 MPa in presence of 2wt% salt. In case of ternary system (CH4-C3H8-CO2) composition of (10:80:10) provided a good subcooling temperature of 12.86 ºC for hydrate formation. The results favour CO2-C3H8 as preferred hydrate formers for hydrate- based desalination. This is attributed due to the formation of sII structure and as it constitutes 136 water molecules which signifies a huge potential of producing more quantity of treated water.

Thermodynamics of organic mixtures containing amines. IV. Systems with aniline

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio González ◽  
Ismael Mozo ◽  
Isaías García de la Fuente ◽  
José Carlos Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Excess Enthalpies ◽  
Dipolar Interactions ◽  
Organic Mixtures ◽  
Molar Excess ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibria

Binary mixtures of aniline with benzene, toluene, alkane, alkanol, or N,N-dialkylamide have been investigated in the framework of the DISQUAC model. The reported interaction parameters change regularly with the molecular structure of the mixture components. The model consistently describes a set of thermodynamic properties including liquid–liquid equilibria, vapor–liquid equilibria, and molar excess enthalpies. The two latter properties for ternary systems are well-represented by DISQUAC using binary parameters only (i.e., neglecting ternary interactions). A comparison of DISQUAC results and those obtained from the UNIFAC (Dortmund version) and ERAS models is also shown. The experimental molar excess enthalpies for binary and ternary mixtures are better described by DISQUAC than by UNIFAC. ERAS fails when representing molar excess enthalpies of those binary systems including methanol or ethanol. This may be due to the existence of strong dipolar interactions among aniline molecules as well as to effects related to the equation of state term, evaluated comparing molar excess enthalpies, and molar excess internal energies at constant volume. The study of the aniline systems in terms of the concentration–concentration structure factor also underlines the importance of dipolar interactions in solutions with alkanes or alcohols, which may be due to the high polarizability of the aniline molecule.Key words: thermodynamics, mixtures, aniline, dipolar interactions, structural effects.

Catalytic hydrogenation of binary and ternary mixtures of unsaturated substances in the liquid phase on platinum

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2378-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Červený ◽  
Radka Junová ◽  
Vlastimil Růžička
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Unsaturated Alcohol ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Hydrogenation Selectivity

Hydrogenation of olefinic substrates in binary and ternary mixtures using 5% Pt on silica gel as the catalyst was studied in normal conditions in the liquid phase with methanol or cyclohexane or in solvent-free systems. The effect of the solvent concentration on the selectivity of hydrogenation of the unsaturated alcohol-olefin binary mixtures was investigated. In ternary systems of unsaturated substrates, the effect of each of the substrates on the selectivity of hydrogenation of the remaining two substances was examined. Another system was found in which a jump change of the hydrogenation selectivity occurred on the vanishing of the fastest reacting substance.

scholarly journals Improved Kinetics and Water Recovery with Propane as Co-Guest Gas on the Hydrate-Based Desalination (HyDesal) Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Nambiar ◽  
Ponnivalavan Babu ◽  
Praveen Linga
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Cold Energy ◽  
Desalination Technology

Water is a key resource for sustainable development and plays a crucial role in human development. Desalination is one of the most promising technologies to mitigate the emerging water crisis. Thermal desalination and reverse osmosis are two of the most widely employed desalination technologies in the world. However, these technologies are energy intensive. Clathrate-hydrate-based desalination (HyDesal) is a potential energy-efficient desalination technology to strengthen the energy–water nexus. In our previous study, we proposed a ColdEn-HyDesal process utilizing waste Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cold energy based on a fixed-bed reactor configuration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 10% propane in three different gas mixtures, namely, nitrogen (G1), argon (G2), and carbon dioxide (G3), as hydrate formers for the HyDesal process. The achieved water recovery was very low (~2%) in the presence of NaCl in the solution for gas mixtures G1 and G2. However, high water recovery and faster kinetics were achieved with the G3 mixture. To improve the water recovery and kinetics of hydrate formation for the G2 gas mixture, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was evaluated. The addition of SDS did improve the kinetics and water recovery significantly.

DISQUAC predictions on thermodynamic properties of ternary and higher multicomponent mixtures. II. Results for HE of ternary mixtures containing nonpolar components, or one polar compound, two polar compounds, or one alcohol and hydrocarbons, or CCl4

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Gonzalez ◽  
Javier Carmona ◽  
Nicolas Riesco ◽  
Isaias Garcia de la Fuente ◽  
Jose Carlos Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Group Contributions ◽  
Polar Compound ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibria

The ability of the DISQUAC model for predicting excess enthalpies (HE) of ternary systems on the basis of binary parameters only, i.e., neglecting ternary interactions is analyzed. At this end, DISQUAC results for a set of 95 ternary systems are examined. The solutions studied are formed by only hydrocarbons (or CCl4); or by one polar compound (not alcohols) and two hydrocarbons (or CCl4); or by two polar compounds (not alcohols) and one hydrocarbon (or CCl4); or by one alcohol and two hydrocarbons (or CCl4). Most of the HEs analyzed are endothermic, and valid at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The mean deviation between experimental values and DISQUAC results is 5.5% for the ternary systems and 6.5% for the constituent binaries (181 mixtures). The interaction parameters used are valid for the description of thermodynamic properties of binary systems: vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE), liquid–liquid (LLE), and solid–liquid equilibria (SLE), HE and excess heat capacities at constant pressure (CEP), as well as HE and VLE of ternary solutions. Predictions are, in most of the cases, independent of the mixture compounds, or the number of groups present in the system. Larger deviations underline typical shortcomings of the group contributions methods (e.g., Patterson's effect; branching). Note that results for the ternaries and for the constituent binaries are of the same order. This is not the case for the Dortmund version of UNIFAC. The mean deviations obtained using this model are 10.5% and 14% for the ternary and binary mixtures, respectively. Results from other models (original UNIFAC, Flory's theory, Nitta–Chao, UNIQUAC association model) for a number of systems are also compared to those obtained using DISQUAC.Key words: predictions, HE, ternary systems, binary parameters, geometrical methods, Flory, group contributions.

scholarly journals Modelling of volumetric properties of binary and ternary mixtures by CEOS, CEOS/Ge and empirical models

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Djordjevic ◽  
Slobodan Serbanovic ◽  
Ivona Radovic ◽  
Aleksandar Tasic ◽  
Mirjana Kijevcanin
Keyword(s):  
Molar Volume ◽  
Excess Molar Volume ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Excess Properties ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Excess Molar Enthalpy ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Although many cubic equations of state coupled with van der Waals-one fluid mixing rules including temperature dependent interaction parameters are sufficient for representing phase equilibria and excess properties (excess molar enthalpy HE, excess molar volume VE, etc.), difficulties appear in the correlation and prediction of thermodynamic properties of complex mixtures at various temperature and pressure ranges. Great progress has been made by a new approach based on CEOS/GE models. This paper reviews the last six-year of progress achieved in modelling of the volumetric properties for complex binary and ternary systems of non-electrolytes by the CEOS and CEOS/GE approaches. In addition, the vdW1 and TCBT models were used to estimate the excess molar volume VE of ternary systems methanol + chloroform + benzene and 1-propanol + chloroform + benzene, as well as the corresponding binaries methanol + chloroform, chloroform + benzene, 1-propanol + chloroform and 1-propanol + benzene at 288.15-313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Also, prediction of VE for both ternaries by empirical models (Radojkovic, Kohler, Jackob-Fitzner, Colinet, Tsao-Smith, Toop, Scatchard, Rastogi) was performed.

Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Eicosane with Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids as Phase Change Material for Building Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Rabab Jarrar ◽  
Reyad Sawafta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Stable phase change materials (PCMS ) of binary and ternary mixtures of organic compounds were prepared in this work to be installed in buildings for purposes of heat energy storage. Binary mixtures of PCMS as salt hydrates, paraffins were heavily investigated but most of the mixing was within the same group very few articles deal with mixing PCMS from different organic groups or mixing more than two materials. A preparation and a differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) investigation of binary and ternary mixtures of eicosane with fatty alcohols and fatty acids were performed. The eutectic mixtures of the binary systems were determined to be( 70% eicosane – 30% cetyl alcohol ) , (50% eicosane – 50% lauric acid) and (25% eicosane – 75% capric acid ) with melting temperature and latent heat of ( 33.77 ºC , 237.6 J/g ) , ( 30.63 ºC , 207.7 J/g ) and ( 24.96 ºC , 200.3 J/g ) respectively . The last one is very suitable for building applications. An eutectic mixture of eicosane with myristyl alcohol from previous work was considered as a new material and used to prepare two ternary mixtures( for the first time in literature) with both Cetyl Alcohol and Capric acid . An exciting results of temperatures were obtained : 26.86 ºC for the first ternary mixture and 16.23 ºC for the second one with moderate latent heats of 133.5 J/g and 157.7 J/g. The first one is very suitable for building applications and the second one is suitable for low thermal applications .These results will open the door to try ternary mixtures of common phase change materials to obtain various melting temperatures to suit different applications

Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Eicosane with Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids as Phase Change Material for Building Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Rabab Jarrar ◽  
Reyad Sawafta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Stable phase change materials (PCMS ) of binary and ternary mixtures of organic compounds were prepared in this work to be installed in buildings for purposes of heat energy storage. Binary mixtures of PCMS as salt hydrates, paraffins were heavily investigated but most of the mixing was within the same group very few articles deal with mixing PCMS from different organic groups or mixing more than two materials. A preparation and a differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) investigation of binary and ternary mixtures of eicosane with fatty alcohols and fatty acids were performed. The eutectic mixtures of the binary systems were determined to be( 70% eicosane – 30% cetyl alcohol ) , (50% eicosane – 50% lauric acid) and (25% eicosane – 75% capric acid ) with melting temperature and latent heat of ( 33.77 ºC , 237.6 J/g ) , ( 30.63 ºC , 207.7 J/g ) and ( 24.96 ºC , 200.3 J/g ) respectively . The last one is very suitable for building applications. An eutectic mixture of eicosane with myristyl alcohol from previous work was considered as a new material and used to prepare two ternary mixtures( for the first time in literature) with both Cetyl Alcohol and Capric acid . An exciting results of temperatures were obtained : 26.86 ºC for the first ternary mixture and 16.23 ºC for the second one with moderate latent heats of 133.5 J/g and 157.7 J/g. The first one is very suitable for building applications and the second one is suitable for low thermal applications .These results will open the door to try ternary mixtures of common phase change materials to obtain various melting temperatures to suit different applications

Energy saving technology for sintering of black bricks from high-siliceous clay

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3123-3131
Author(s):  
Mario Flores Nicolas ◽  
Marina Vlasova ◽  
Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar ◽  
Mykola Kakazey ◽  
Marcos Mauricio Chávez Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Dark Color

AbstractThe low-temperature synthesis of bricks prepared from high-siliceous clays by the method of plastic molding of blanks was used. For the preparation of brick blanks, binary and ternary mixtures of high-siliceous clays, black sand, and bottle glass cullet were used. Gray-black low-porosity and high-porosity ceramics was obtained by sintering under conditions of oxygen deficiency. It has been established that to initiate plastic in mixtures containing high-siliceous clay, it is necessary to add montmorillonite/bentonite additives, carry out low-temperature sintering, and introduce low-melting glass additives with a melting point ranging from 750 to 800 °C. The performed investigations have shown that the sintering of mixtures with a total content of iron oxide of about 5 wt% under reducing conditions at Tsint. = 800°C for 8 h leads to the formation of glass ceramics consisting of quartz, feldspars, and a phase. The main sources of the appearance of a dark color is the formation of [Fe3+O4]4- and [Fe3+O6]9- anions in the composition of the glass phase and feldspars. By changing the contents of clay, sand, and glass in sintering, it is possible to obtain two types of ceramic materials: (a) in the form of building bricks and (b) in the form of porous fillers.

Properties of Refrigerants from Cubic Equations of State

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Feroiu ◽  
Dan Geana ◽  
Catinca Secuianu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Vapour � liquid equilibrium, thermodynamic and volumetric properties were predicted for three pure hydrofluorocarbons: difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2 � tetrafluoroethane (R134a) as well as for binary and ternary mixtures of these refrigerants. Three cubic equations of state GEOS3C, SRK (Soave � Redlich � Kwong) and PR (Peng � Robinson) were used. A wide comparison with literature experimental data was made. For the refrigerant mixtures, classical van der Waals mixing rules without interaction parameters were used. The GEOS3C equation, with three parameters estimated by matching several points on the saturation curve (vapor pressure and corresponding liquid volumes), compares favorably to other equations in literature, being simple enough for applications.

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