scholarly journals Epidemiological study of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome and Japanese Encephalitis burden in Sivasagar district of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Ali Ahmed ◽  
Daisy Konwar ◽  
Ananta Swargiary ◽  
Hari Shankar ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is among the most common cause of viral encephalitis in human beings caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV). It is found worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia and less commonly in the western pacific regions and Australia.North East India is identified as hotspot for Japanese encephalitis and is considered a major health problem in Assam. The present study assesses the epidemiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and JE cases of the Sivasagar district of Assam for 2011-20.Epidemiological data of AES and JE such as disease burden, case fatality rate (CFR), etc. were collected from NVBDCP Unit of Sivasagar district. Data were obtained as a part of routine AES/JE control programme for the period 2011-20. The overall AES and JE casesduring 2011-20 were 1081 and 588, and death cases 333 and 180, respectively.The CFR of the district was found to be 30.61%. AES and JE cases were highest in Galekey and Patsaku block. The AES/JE cases were significantly higher in elderly (>30 years) and male population of the district. The peak AES/JE active and death cases were reported in June and July in the study period. Routine JE vaccination was found to be carried out since 2011-20 in the agegroup 9-18 months, covering more than 50% of the target population size. Similarly, during the 2011-12 and 2014-15, JE vaccination campaign was carried out in 1-15- and 16-60-years age-group. The prevalence of AES/JE cases in the Sivasagar district of Assam is declining. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to intensify the AES/JE surveillance programme to detect the cases and develop strategy for better JE management. The immunization coverage for 9-18 months should be increased.

scholarly journals Study of acute encephalitis syndrome in children

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
YR Khinchi ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
S Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis ◽  
Supportive Interventions

Objective: To determine the profile and outcome of children admitted with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and to find out the prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) IgM antibodies positive cases among these patients with their case fatality rate (CFR). Materials and methods: Study consist of retrospective analysis of hospital records of children up to 15 years of age admitted with diagnosis of AES in pediatric wards of College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur from January 2007 to December 2008. Results: During two years, 61 patients of AES were admitted. Male and female patients were 33 and 28 respectively. Meningitis accounted for 29 and encephalitis for 32 patients. JE IgM seropositive cases contributed for 18% of all AES cases. Case fatality for JE was 16.6%. Conclusions: Japanese Encephalitis is endemic in catchment area of the hospital. JE has significant morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by immunization and mortality can be reduced if supportive interventions are provided in time. Key words: AES; JE; CFR. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i1.3596 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 1, 7-13  

scholarly journals Incidence of Japanese encephalitis virus among patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome in a tertiary care hospital, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5947
Author(s):  
Arup Roy ◽  
Poulami Saha ◽  
Asraful Islam ◽  
Rajdeep Saha ◽  
Abhishek Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses, and is spread by mosquitoes. JEV is the main cause of viral encephalitis in many countries of Asia with an estimated 68000 clinical cases every year. Although symptomatic Japanese encephalitis (JE) is rare, the case-fatality rate among those with encephalitis can be as high as 30%. Permanent neurologic or psychiatric sequelae can occur in 30-50% of those with encephalitis. This study was conducted to find the incidence of JEV IgM in patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Raiganj govt. medical college and hospital, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India.Methods: Blood and CSF samples were collected from patients presenting with AES. IgM antibody capture ELISA was performed on the CSF and serum samples by JE virus MAC ELISA kit.Results: The overall prevalence of JEV IgM was 13.8%. Among the positive cases male comprised of 71.4% and female 28.5%. The most common age group affected was above 16 years of age. JEV prevalence was present throughout the year with high number of cases between the monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the endemicity of JEV in Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. As most of the JE cases are asymptomatic strengthening the existing surveillance system is required to find out the actual scenario of JEV in West Bengal. Control of vectors, early diagnosis and treatment, vaccinations are the key to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by JEV. 

scholarly journals Clinical profile and predictors of outcome in children admitted to PICU with acute encephalitis syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekambaranath Sambasivam ◽  
Jayakumar Muthaiyan ◽  
Sreedivya Mohan ◽  
Aravind Malayappan Ayyavoo ◽  
Ganesh Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is defined as the acute onset of fever and change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk) and/or new onset seizures (excluding febrile seizures) in a person of any age at any time of the year. AES is reported mainly from Assam, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh contributing approximately to 80% cases with case fatality rate of 20-25%. In view of paucity of clinical studies from Tamil Nadu, this study was undertaken to have a better insight on the clinical profile and prognostic indicators of AES in children. Objective of present work was to study the clinical profile and predictors of outcome of Acute encephalitis syndrome patients admitted in PICUMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in children with AES admitted to PICU, Stanley medical college over a period of 1year (May 2015-May 2016). 30 cases were studied. Clinical features, demography, immunisation status, and outcome were recorded. Results of blood investigations, peripheral smear, neuroimaging, CSF analysis and IgM ELISA for HSV, JE, CMV, Dengue were recorded and analysed.Results: Mean age of cases was 3.5±3.3years. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Etiology included HSV (6.67%), malaria (3.33%), dengue (3.33%), tubercular meningitis (3.33%), AES of unknown origin (83.3%) 11, Most common presentation was seizures 21 (70%). 17 (56.6%)presented with GCS <8. 11 (36.6%) required inotrope support, 16 (53.4%) were ventilated. Laboratorial findings included, leukocytosis in 17 (66.7%), dysglycemia in 12 children (39.99%), hyponatremia in 10 (33.33%), hypernatremia in 8 (26.67%) Mortality was observed in 11 cases (36.67%). Hyponatremia (p=0.02) and cases requiring ionotrope support on admission (p=0.0003) were significantly associated with mortality.Conclusions: There was no case of Japanese encephalitis. Hyponatremia being significantly associated with mortality among children with AES, warrants detailed evaluation to define the etiology which will aid in appropriate management. Maintaining euvolemia, prompt identification of shock and appropriate use of inotropes is of utmost importance. Varied and changing etiologies of AES poses a diagnostic challenge. 

Status and trend of acute encephalitis syndrome and Japanese encephalitis in Bihar, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Pisudde ◽  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
PP Sarthi ◽  
MP Sharma ◽  
VR Keshri
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

A study on epidemiological pattern of acute encephalitis syndrome with special reference to japanese encephalitis in Patna medical college and hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Anil Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Tauhid Iqbali
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
New Onset

Background: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is defined as a person of any age, at any time of year with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures). Viruses have been mainly attributed to be the cause of AES in India although other etiologies such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, leptospira, toxoplasma, rickettsia, chemical, and toxins have also been reported over the past few years. The causative agent of AES varies with season and geographical location, owing to wide range of causative agents and the rapid neurological impairment due to pathogenesis, clinicians face the challenge of a small window period between diagnosis and treatment. The present study is dedicated to knowing the present epidemiological pattern of AES in Bihar aiming to help in diagnosis and treatment.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from January 1st to December 31st, 2016, in this study all cases which presented with acute onset of fever and a change in mental status including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk and/ or new onset of seizures excluding simple febrile seizures were included. Demographic, etiological analysis and outcome of cases of Acute Encephalitic Syndrome as well as Japanese encephalitis were done.Results: The total number of patient diagnosed clinically with AES were 186 of them 105 were male and 81 were female. Number of cases were highest in the age group of >5-10 years amounting to 37.7% followed by 26.4% in >2-5 years age group, marked male predominance was seen in the age group 5 -10 years. A minor female predominance was observed in the age group >10 years. In May number of cases were maximum 36 (19.4%) followed by April 32 (17.2%), number of cases of AES were least in the month of December followed by November (8). Maximum number of cases were from the district of Patna and its neighboring district amounting to 58.5% with Nalanda district alone comprises 24.3%. Etiological analysis reveals that 36.5% children admitted with the clinical diagnosis of AES, 36.5% were diagnosed with Acute bacterial meningoencephalitis and 22.04% were diagnosed with Japanese Encephalitis, 7.5% Tuberculous meningitis, 6.4% Cerebral malaria, 5.4% Herpes simplex encephalitis and 3.2% with acute encephalitis syndrome unknown.Conclusions: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome remains an important cause of prolonged hospital bed occupancy with a high rate of mortality. Although in JE positive cases mortality were less, but morbidity in form of various motor deficit and cognitive impairment increases the burden on the family and society. With the introduction of effective JE vaccine and with rigorous surveillance of AES cases and social initiative taken by the Government, we can hope a better scenario. More and more extensive studies are the need of hour to know more about the etiopathogenesis of AES, so that future strategies to bring down the mortality and morbidity due to this disease can be carried out. 

scholarly journals Japanese Encephalitis in Children admitted at Patan Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Shresta ◽  
P Awale ◽  
S Neupane ◽  
N Adhikari ◽  
BK Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ◽  
Acute Encephalitis ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Hospital Study ◽  
Record Section

This is a hospital based retrospective study, which was done in Pediatric ward of Patan hospital. Study period was one and half year (from Srawan 2063 to 2064 poush).Data were taken from discharge book of Pediatric ward, from the record section of this hospital, and from JE surveillance office, WHO, Kathmandu. All children from 1 month to 14 years ,who were admitted in Pediatric ward with symptoms of Meningitis, Meningoencephalitis and Encephalitis were included in this study and patients more than 14 years of age and symptoms not suggestive of meningitis, meningoencephalitis or encephalitis were excluded from the study. Headache; vomiting and fever were the chief complaints of patients. Two patients died during study period. There were 16 patients with serologically confirmed Japanese encephalitis. Key words: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), arthropod borne disease, Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).   doi:10.3126/jnps.v29i1.1595 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.29(1) p.17-21

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