scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massa dit Achille BONKO ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Francois Kiemde ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
Sibidou Yougbaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background: The curative power of antimicrobials is severely threatened due to emerging resistance to first-line antibiotics worldwide. With a limited reserve of antibiotics, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, but there is a paucity of such data in Burkina Faso, and the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial species isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods: Clinical specimens (blood, stool, and urine) were collected from 1099 febrile children attending the peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro. Bacterial isolates from these clinical specimens were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by standard disc diffusion procedure and minimal inhibitory concentration method (when appropriate). Results: In total, 141 bacterial strains were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 strains were isolated from blood, 65 from the stool, and 11 from urine. Predominant bacterial isolates were Salmonella species (56.7%; 80/141) followed by Escherichia coli (33.3%; 47/141). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%; 52/80), and chloramphenicol (63.8%; 51/80). E. coli isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14), and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, 7 out of 14 E. coli isolates were producers of the ß-lactamase enzyme, suggesting multi-drug resistance against b-lactam as well as non-b-lactam antibiotics. S. pneumoniae isolates were fully resistant to tetracycline and 50% to penicillin G. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates of which 56 (54.9%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 (50.0%) Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed an alarming high resistance to commonly used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections in the study region. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso, and probably the whole region (West Africa).

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massa dit Achille BONKO ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Francois Kiemde ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
Sibidou Yougbaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background: The curative power of antimicrobials is severely threatened due to emerging resistance to first-line antibiotics worldwide. With a limited reserve of antibiotics, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, but there is a paucity of such data in Burkina Faso, and the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial species isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods: Clinical specimens (blood, stool, and urine) were collected from 1099 febrile children attending the peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro. Bacterial isolates from these clinical specimens were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by standard disc diffusion procedure and minimal inhibitory concentration method (when appropriate). Results: In total, 141 bacterial strains were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 strains were isolated from blood, 65 from the stool, and 11 from urine. Predominant bacterial isolates were Salmonella species (56.7%; 80/141) followed by Escherichia coli (33.3%; 47/141). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%; 52/80), and chloramphenicol (63.8%; 51/80). E. coli isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14), and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, 7 out of 14 E. coli isolates were producers of the ß-lactamase enzyme, suggesting multi-drug resistance against b-lactam as well as non-b-lactam antibiotics. S. pneumoniae isolates were fully resistant to tetracycline and 50% to penicillin G. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates of which 56 (54.9%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 (50.0%) Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed an alarming high resistance to commonly used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections in the study region. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso, and probably the whole region (West Africa). Moreover, it implies the need of a revision of the antibiotic-treatment guidelines by the Ministry of Health in Burkina Faso to avoid further development of resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamases (MBL) Mediated Resistance in Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) along with Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producing gram negative bacterial isolates among the patients attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to December; 2016. Altogether 977 clinical specimens were processed for analysis of bacteriological profile and the isolates were identified by culture, morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods following Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute guideline and the isolates were tested for ESBL and MBL by combined disk method.Results: out of 977 clinical specimens, 254 (25.99%) were found to be gram negative bacterial isolates, among them Klebsiella pneumoniae 83 (32.67%) was the most predominant organism followed by E. coli 51 (20.07%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 (14.17%), K. oxytoca 32 (12.59%), Proteus mirabilis 13 (5.11%) and P. vulgaris 13 (5.11%), Acinetobacter spp. 11 (4.33%), Citrobacter spp. 10 (3.93%) and Enterobacter spp. 5 (1.96%) respectively. 83 (32.67%) isolates were found to be MDR, 38(14.96%) were positive for ESBL while 19 (7.48%) were MBL producer.Conclusion: The determent drug resistance among ESBL and MBL producers, reflect the extensive use of antibiotics possessing difficulties in therapeutic potions in hospital setting which might be overcome by proper microbiological analysis of pathogenic isolates and judicious use of antibiotics for emergence of resistance strains.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massa dit Achille Bonko ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Francois Kiemde ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
Sibidou Yougbaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Children Under 5

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistance Traits in Probiotic Bacterial Species from Fermented Milk Products in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asif Shahriar ◽  
Mahenaj Alo ◽  
Md. Fahad Hossain ◽  
Talha Bin Emran ◽  
Md. Zia Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Fermented Milk Products

Aims: Matured nourishment like yogurt and cheese are great wellsprings of probiotic living beings. The present study was carried out for isolation, identification and antibiotic profiling of some important bacteria in, local fermented milk-products sold in the market of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: Twenty types of yogurt and fifteen types of cheese samples were collected from two different local market. De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS agar) and Streptococcus thermophilus agar (ST agar) were used for the isolation of probiotic micro-organisms from these different fermented dairy products. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the species of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus was done by using morphological feature, Gram staining, biochemical tests (catalase test, some carbohydrate fermentation tests, alpha haemolysis test, starch hydrolysis test, bile salt tolerance test). The antibiotic profiling was performed by utilizing twelve distinct antibiotics: amikacin (10 μg), amoxicillin (15 μg), azithromycin (30 μg), bacitracin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (10 μg), erythromycin (30 μg), gentamicin (30 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), penicillin g (30 μg), tetracycline (15 μg), vancomycin (15 μg) to identified the multi-drug resistance of probiotic micro-organisms. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that specific bacterial species (L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) were utilized in the production of yogurt and cheese samples, that may have unnecessary antibiotic resistances which can be a risk if they transfer antibiotic resistance genes to pathogenic microbes. Notably, L. bulgaricus was effectively susceptible against bacitracin and penicillin g. Conclusion: Yogurt and cheese are one kind of probiotic source, made up by using probiotic starter cultures (Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus thermophilus) which were identified in this study. Most of the probiotic micro-organisms were resistant against these widely accepted commercial antibiotics. These resistant lactic acid bacteria may transfer their resistance genes to pathogenic microorganisms. It can be a significant cause of concern for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from the Nasopharynx of Febrile Children under 5 Years in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Massa dit Achille Bonko ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Francois Kiemde ◽  
Ibrahima Karama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Children Under 5

(1) Background: nasopharynx colonization by resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to serious diseases. Emerging resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat infections due to these pathogens poses a serious threat to the health system. The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates from the febrile children’s nasopharynx under 5 years in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). (2) Methods: bacterial isolates were identified from nasopharyngeal swabs prospectively collected from 629 febrile children. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates was assessed by Kirby–Bauer method and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. (3) Results: bacterial colonization was confirmed in 154 (24.5%) of children of whom 96.1% carried S. aureus, 3.2% had S. pneumoniae, and 0.6% carried both bacteria. S. aureus isolates showed alarming resistance to penicillin (96.0%) and S. pneumoniae was highly resistant to tetracycline (100%) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (83.3%), and moderately resistant to penicillin (50.0%). Furthermore, 4.0% of S. aureus identified were methicillin resistant. (4) Conclusion: this study showed concerning resistance rates to antibiotics to treat suspected bacterial respiratory tract infections. The work highlights the necessity to implement continuous antibiotic resistance surveillance.

Identification of novel horA-harbouring bacteria capable of spoiling beer

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Haakensen ◽  
Barry Ziola
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
First Finding ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Beer Spoilage ◽  
Respective Species

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multi-drug resistance (MDR) gene was found in 4 Gram-positive bacterial isolates of environmental origin and found capable of spoiling beer. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus cereus , Bacillus licheniformis , Paenibacillus humicus , and Staphylococcus epidermidis ; all of which were previously unappreciated as beer-spoilage bacteria. The MDR gene found in these bacteria has less than 37% similarity to known ABC MDR proteins described for Bacillus and Staphylococcus , and this is the first finding of an ABC MDR gene in the genus Paenibacillus . The sequenced region of the gene was translated and compared phylogenetically with the closest GenBank matches of the respective species and the closest GenBank matches overall. The ABC MDR proteins from these isolates were found to cluster among known sequences of HorA, sharing 99.5% identity within the sequenced region. In the beer-spoilage-associated genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus , the presence of the MDR gene horA correlates with the ability to grow in beer. As the unique horA-harbouring isolates described here are capable of growing in beer, it is likely that the presence of the horA gene likewise confers hop resistance to these organisms.

scholarly journals Large scale changes in host methylation patterns induced by IncA/C plasmid transformation inVibrio cholerae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibai Wang ◽  
Kanglin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractDNA methylation is a central epigenetic modification and has diverse biological functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms alike. The IncA/C plasmid genomes are approximately 150kb in length and harbour three methylase genes, two of which demonstrate cytosine specificity. Transformation of theVibrio choleraestrain C6706 with the IncA/C plasmid pVC211 resulted in a significant relabelling of the methylation patterns on the host chromosomes. The new methylation patterns induced by transformation with IncA/C plasmid were accepted by the restriction enzymes of the host’s restriction modification (RM) system. These data uncover a novel mechanism by which plasmids can be compatible with a host’s RM system and suggest a possible reason that plasmids of the IncA/C family are broad-host-range.Author summaryAntibiotic resistance of bacteria is a growing serious problem worldwidely and the horizontal transfer of multi-drug resistance genes mediated by plasmids within and between species of bacteria is the main reason. In the researches of multi-drug resistance ofVibrio cholerae, I have isolated several IncA/C plasmids. What impressed me most is their ability to accumulate the resistant genes. Moreover, they can transfer with high frequency and are stable in several bacterial species. There are at least three Tra regions on the IncA/C plasmid which containing components of the Type 4 Secretion System and are important for conjugative transfer of plasmids. So the horizontal transfer ability of IncA/C plasmids is reasonable. There are three methylase genes on the small genome of IncA/C plasmids, which demonstrate cytosine specificity and are seldom in bacteria. Their modification target and roles are interesting. Here, we analysed the methylation profiles of the hostV. choeraeinduced by the plasmid pVC211 and found that they were completely changed. In addition to replicons, this may be a novel mechanism that plasmid cross the barrier of the host’s RM system and become broad-host range. Changing the activity of methylase in IncA/C plasmids may be a new way to affect the stability of IncA/C plasmids to eliminate these multidrug-resistant plasmids from bacteria.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates From Dogs With Ulcerative Keratitis in Midwestern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Hewitt ◽  
Rachel A. Allbaugh ◽  
Danielle E. Kenne ◽  
Lionel Sebbag
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Ulcerative Keratitis

The objective of this study was to describe bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility results in 476 dogs presenting with suspected bacterial keratitis in Iowa and surrounding Midwestern states, further detailing trends in patient characteristics, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance. Corneal swabs yielded 465 bacterial isolates and 220 cultures (46.2%) with no apparent growth (0–5 isolates per culture). The most frequent bacterial genera were Staphylococcus (32.3%), Streptococcus (19.1%), and Pseudomonas (12.5%), while the most common bacterial species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (26.7%), Streptococcus canis (12%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%). Compared to mixed-breed dogs, canine breeds most likely to be examined for ulcerative keratitis included Boston terrier, Cavalier King Charles spaniel, miniature pinscher, pug, rat terrier, Saint Bernard, shih tzu, and silky terriers. In summer, the likelihood to yield a negative culture was reduced while the likelihood to culture Pseudomonas species was increased. Bacteria considered multidrug resistant (MDR, resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes) represented 20% of all canine isolates and were most prevalent for Staphylococcus species (33%). An alarming, escalating trend of MDR prevalence was noted between 2016 (5%) and 2020 (34%). Individual ophthalmic preparations (i.e., single antibiotics or commercially available antibiotic combinations) with highest efficacy against all bacterial isolates included chloramphenicol (83%), ceftiofur (79%), amikacin (77%), neomycin-polymyxin B-bacitracin (77%), and gentamicin (74%). Efficacy of systemic antibiotics and combinations of ophthalmic preparations was also evaluated. Based on the present findings, triple antibiotic (Neo-Poly-Bac) is recommended as empirical monotherapy for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs with simple corneal ulcers, while a chloramphenicol-ciprofloxacin combination is empirically recommended for therapeutic management of infected corneal ulcers. Pending culture and susceptibility results, appropriate selection of empiric antibiotic therapy is important to enhance therapeutic outcome and reduce antibacterial resistance in dogs with corneal ulceration.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Bacteria from Diabetic Foot Infections in Selected Teaching Hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olorunjuwon O Bello ◽  
Edward O Oyekanmi ◽  
Babatunde A Kelly ◽  
Olakunle O Mebude ◽  
Temitope K Bello
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

One of the serious complications associated with diabetes is foot ulcer and this condition affects the quality of life in patients in all classes, races and ages. Chronic wounds are prone to colonization by wide array of microorganisms which could be extremely hazardous to patients if effective and timely therapeutic intervention is not made. This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria from diabetic foot infections in southwestern Nigeria. Samples were collected from a total of 142 diabetic foot ulcer patients with moistened sterile cotton swabs. Nutrient agar, Mac-Conkey agar, blood agar and mannitol salt agar media were used for the isolation of total viable bacteria, Gram-negative non-spore forming lactose fermenters, fastidious bacteria and staphylococci, respectively. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of pure cultures were determined in accordance with standard laboratory criteria. API 20 E and API 20 NE were used for the confirmation of identity of the bacterial isolates. The disc diffusion technique was employed for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates in accordance with standard procedures. The antibiotics investigated included amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, imipenem, linezolid, methicillin, netilmicin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, piperacilin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin. One hundred and seventy-seven isolates were encountered and these were characterized into eleven bacterial species. These included Staphylococcus aureus (22.03%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.95%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12.43%), Proteus mirabilis (8.48%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.91%), E. coli (7.35%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.78%), Streptococcus pyogenes (5.65%), Morganella morganii (5.09%), Citrobacter freundii (4.52%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (2.83%). Gram-negative bacteria showed 76.99% susceptibility to the antibiotics while 22.85% was resistant. Gram-positive bacteria showed 93.75% susceptibility and 5.01% resistance to the antibiotics. This study revealed that there is no definite aetiologic bacterial agent for diabetic foot infections and many of the associated bacteria are sensitive to certain antibiotics.

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