The State Identification of Reaction Products.

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Zare
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
State Identification

scholarly journals A method for identifying emergency processes in energy conversion pulse systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Dmitry O Tey ◽  
Artem V Gusakov ◽  
Nizam D Keramov
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pulse Energy ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Process ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
Energy Conversion System

The article discusses the problem of identification of the state of the pulse energy conversion system in real time. Investigated a method of reducing the size and the sampling rate of data describing the state of the system wavelet transform, for applying a Fourier transform. Proposed and experimentally tested the algorithm state identification pulse energy conversion system that allows you to determine in real time during the main process of energy conversion

scholarly journals Degradation Reactions in SONY-Type Li-Ion Batteries

1999 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peter Roth ◽  
G. Nagasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Reaction Region ◽  
Charge Degree

ABSTRACTThermal instabilities were identified in SONY-type lithium-ion cells and correlated with interactions of cell constituents and reaction products. Three temperature regions of interaction were identified and associated with the state of charge (degree of Li intercalation) of the cell. Anodes were shown to undergo exothermic reactions as low as 100°C involving the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the LiPF6 salt in the electrolyte (EC:PC:DEC/LiPF6). These reactions could account for the thermal runaway observed in these cells beginning at 100°C. Exothermic reactions were also observed in the 200°C-300°C region between the intercalated lithium anodes, the LiPF6 salt, and the PVDF. These reactions were followed by a hightemperature reaction region, 300°C-400°C, also involving the PVDF binder and the intercalated lithium anodes. The solvent was not directly involved in these reactions but served as a moderator and transport medium. Cathode exothermic reactions with the PVDF binder were observed above 200°C and increased with the state of charge (decreasing Li content). This offers an explanation for the observed lower thermal runaway temperatures for charged cells.

scholarly journals Method for Remote State Identification Snow-Ice Cover by the Ratio of Fresnel Reflection Coefficients

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V. G. Mashkov
Keyword(s):  
Landing Site ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Fresnel Reflection ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Remote Identification

Introduction. Currently, the development of safe helicopter landing systems as the most complex and dangerous stage of a flight is one of the priority tasks. A significant number of companies in Russia and abroad are engaged in its solution. Landing on unprepared (unequipped) sites with snow-ice cover may be caused by the need to deliver units, cargo and ammunition in combat conditions, search and rescue operations, evacuations of victims, etc. A key factor for a landing decision is information about the height of snow and about the depth of ice cover. In the paper remote identification of the state of snow-ice cover, excluding the need to present any person (crew member or rescue worker) on a landing site is proposed.Aim. To develop a method for the remote identification of the state of snow-ice cover used to determine the possibility of a helicopter - type aircraft safe landing on a reservoir with snow-ice cover.Materials and methods. Numerical simulation of echo signals Fresnel reflection coefficients polarization ratio was realized in MatLab. Vertical and horizontal polarizations in the range from 25 to 45 degrees were simulated.Results. Intervals of polarization relations correspond to the interval density of snow-ice layers for fixed angles. For example, when θ = 34 for dry snow ρds = 100…500 kg/m3 (ε'ds = 1.162…1.984) – Prm = 5.6915...3.3266, dry firn ρdf = 500…700 kg/m3 (ε'df = 1.984…2.51) – Prm = 3.3266...2.8311, dry ice ρdi = 700…913 kg/m3 (ε'di = 2.51…3.179) – Prm = 2.8311...2.4753. A layer reconstruction inverse problem was solved by indirect determining of complex relative permittivity of each successive underlying layer with 10-2 real part resolution. The identity of the obtained characteristics of snow-ice layers with calculated (standard) values was established.Conclusion. Remote identification of components of a snow-ice cover structure allows one to automate the process of evaluating of landing possibility. Thereby it reduces a decision-making time and increases a level of safety. In contrast to the known methods of identification of the surface layer the identification of multilayer medium layers was carried out.

Structural Intensity Analysis of Bolt Joints in Vibration Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 1503-1506
Author(s):  
Yong Juan Zhang ◽  
Guo Ying Zeng ◽  
Deng Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Structural Intensity ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Intensity Vector

A nonlinear model of bolt joints structure in vibration environment is built and Structure Intensity(SI) of it is calculated by FEM as an approach for the state identification of bolts joints structure in vibration environment. The plots of the structure intensity vector under different preforce were obtained and showed the SI changes of bolt joints structure with different preforces.and showed the energy distribution and transmission are different preforces

Proton States in 155Tb, 157Tb, 159Tb, and 161Tb

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (24) ◽  
pp. 3152-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tippett ◽  
D. G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rotational Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Particle State ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Proton Transfers ◽  
Spectroscopic Factors ◽  
I 11 ◽  
Photographic Emulsions

Proton states in the odd terbium isotopes 155Tb, 157Tb, 159Tb, and 161Tb have been studied using (3He,d) and (α,t) reactions. The beams of 24 MeV 3He and 25 MeV alpha particles were produced by the McMaster University model FN tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. The reaction products were analyzed with an Enge split-pole magnetic spectrograph and detected with photographic emulsions. The ratios of cross sections in the (3He,d) and (α,t) reactions were used as an indication of the/values for the proton transfers, and the spectroscopic factors were extracted using DWBA calculations. The results of the present work confirm the assignments of the 3/2+ [411] and 5/2+[413] Nilsson orbitals in all four isotopes. The I = 11/2 states of the 5/2−[532] and 7/2−[523] orbitals were identified in 161Tb and 159Tb and their assignments confirmed in 157Tb and 155Tb. It was necessary to invoke appreciable Coriolis mixing between these two orbitals in order to describe the observed rotational level spacings and the spectroscopic strengths. The assignments of the 7/2+[404] orbital were confirmed in 155Tb and 157Tb and this orbital was identified in 159Tb and 161Tb. Previous assignments of the 1/2+ [411] particle state with vibrational admixtures were confirmed in 157Tb and 159Tb and the state was identified in 161Tb. The present results support earlier evidence for the existence of a second fragment of the 1/2+[411] orbital in 159Tb and suggest the presence of a similar state in 157Tb. In each of the isotopes the 5/2+[402] orbital was assigned and a tentative assignment for the 1/2−[541] orbital was proposed.

scholarly journals Anemiaceae from Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, with notes on a new hybrid

Hoehnea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Túlio Lage Pena ◽  
Pedro Bond Schwartsburd ◽  
Anderson Alves-Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Espirito Santo

ABSTRACT As part of a floristic survey of the vascular flora of Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, a taxonomic treatment of the Anemiaceae is here presented. Fieldwork was conducted monthly from March 2015 to July 2016. Samples were collected and dried according to the usual methodology and incorporated into the VIC and VIES herbaria. In addition to VIC and VIES, we also studied the specimens form MBML herbarium. Eight species, one variety, and a new hybrid were recorded: Anemia collina, A. ×elephantensis nothosp. nov., A. ferruginea var. ferruginea, A. hirsuta, A. luetzelburgii, A. organensis, A. patens, A. phyllitidis, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa, and A. tomentosa var. anthriscifolia. Besides the new hybrid, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa is also a new record for the state. Identification key, descriptions, comments, geographical distribution and illustrations are provided for all taxa.

scholarly journals The heat of formation of nitrogen iodide

1940 ◽  
Vol 174 (958) ◽  
pp. 425-432
Keyword(s):  
Heat Content ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
The State ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Acid Proceeds

The reaction chosen for the determination was the decomposition of nitrogen iodide in dilute hydriodic acid according to the equation (with excess hydriodic acid present) 2NH 3 .NI 3 + 5HI = 2NH 4 I + 3HI 3 . This reaction has the advantage that it is unnecessary to prepare the nitrogen iodide in the dry state, a difficulty met with in the method involving the detonation of the substance in some form of bomb calorimeter, quite apart from the complexity of the reaction products in that case. The reaction with hydriodic acid proceeds rapidly, and appears to be quantitative (Chattaway and Orton 1899). A difficulty was encountered when analyses were made of the final products, as it was found that the amount of ammonia obtained was greater than that corresponding to the composition NH 3 .NI 3 . Since the excess varied quite considerably from sample to sample, it was considered to be adsorbed or loosely combined ammonia, such as is frequently met with in compounds containing ammonia. The existence of higher ammines of NI 3 lends support to this view. To overcome the difficulty introduced by this excess of which the state of combination and heat content were unknown, and which it was not considered correct to treat as free ammonia, advantage was taken of the fact that the proportion of excess ammonia could be varied quite considerably. The experiments were considered in pairs, the effect of the excess ammonia being eliminated between them.

Sex before the State: Civic Sex, Reproductive Innovations, and Gendered Parental Identity

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY F. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Transgender Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Parental Relationships ◽  
Parental Relationship ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Maternal Function ◽  
Parental Identity ◽  
Mix And Match

Abstract:Certain changes in the way that states classify people by sex as well as certain reproductive innovations undercut the rationale for state identification of people as male or female in signifying gendered parental relationships to children. At present, people known to the state as men may be genetic mothers to their children; people known to the state as women may be genetic fathers to their children. Synthetic gametes would make it possible for transgender men to be genetically related to children as fathers and transgender women to be genetically related to children as mothers, even if they have otherwise relied on naturally-occurring gametes to be genetic mothers and genetic fathers of children respectively. Synthetic gametes would presumably make it possible for any person to be the genetic father or genetic mother of children, even in a mix-and-match way. Other reproductive innovations will also undercut existing expectations of gendered parental identity. Uterus transplants would uncouple the maternal function of gestation from women, allowing men to share in maternity that way. Extracorporeal gestation ((ExCG)—gestation outside anyone’s body—would also undercut the until-now absolute connection between female sex and maternity. In kind, effects such as these—undoing conventionally gendered parenthood—undercut the state’s interest in knowing whether parents are male or female in relation to a given child, as against knowing simply whether someone stands in a parental relationship to that child, as a matter of rights and duties.

scholarly journals Flora da Bahia: Calophyllaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Pricilla Batista Santos ◽  
Fabio Da Silva do Espírito Santo ◽  
Alessandro Rapini
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Species Descriptions

The taxonomic treatment of the Calophyllaceae from Bahia state, Brazil, is presented here. Four genera and 21 species are recognized: Calophyllum (C. brasiliense), Caraipa (C. densifolia), Kielmeyera (18 species) and Mammea (M. americana), of which seven species are endemic to the state. Identification keys to genera and species, descriptions, taxonomic comments, illustrations and maps of geographic distribution of species in the state are presented.

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