scholarly journals Verlaufsmodifizierende Immuntherapien bei MS-Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
I.-K. Penner ◽  
H. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Schlüsselwörter Multiple Sklerose ◽  
Keywords Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Oral Drugs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fatigue Management ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies

Zusammenfassung Obgleich sich die Zahl und die Wirkansätze der verfügbaren Immuntherapien zur Behandlung der MS in den letzten zehn Jahren deutlich vergrößert haben, ist die Datenlage zur Wirkung der verschiedenen Behandlungsformen auf Fatigue nach wie vor lückenhaft und kaum durch kontrollierte Daten belegt. Aus den in dieser Arbeit referierten Studien kann vorläufig geschlossen werden, dass von Glatirameracetat und Natalizumab am ehesten positive Auswirkungen auf das Fatigueempfinden von MS Patienten zu erwarten sind. Bei Interferonen bietet die Datenlage keine einheitliche Orientierung. Die klinische Erfahrung lehrt jedoch, dass man immer damit rechnen muss, dass eine Interferontherapie bei einzelnen Patienten zu einer Zunahme der Fatigue führt. Ein Absetzen von Interferon und ein Wechsel auf Glatirameracetat oder eines der Oralpräparate (horizontal switch) kann deshalb unter dem Aspekt der Fatigue bei Krankheitsstabilität durchaus sinnvoll sein. Die modernen Antikörpertherapien scheinen hinsichtlich einer Fatigueauslösung oder -verschlechterung eher unkritisch zu sein. Kurzfristige Schwankungen der Fatigue können aber vorkommen. Vielversprechend sehen derzeit die Daten zu Ponesimod aus, wobei es hier zu beachten gilt, dass das Messinstrument für Fatigue neu entwickelt wurde und es hierzu keinerlei Vergleichsdaten mit anderen Präparaten – abgesehen vom aktiven Komparator Teriflunomid aus der Zulassungsstudie – gibt. Hier besteht demnach wissenschaftlicher Handlungsbedarf, um zu sicherzustellen, dass es sich um eine »echte Überlegenheit« von Ponesimod in puncto Fatigue gegenüber anderen Therapien handelt. Schlüsselwörter: Multiple Sklerose, Fatigue, Therapie der Fatigue, Immuntherapien, milde bis moderate Verlaufsformen der MS, aktive bis hochaktive Verlaufsformen der MS Abstract Although the number and the mode of action of the immunotherapies available for the treatment of MS have increased significantly in the last ten years, evidence for the effect of the various forms of treatment on fatigue is still incomplete and hardly supported by controlled data. From the studies reported in this paper, it can be tentavely concluded that glatiramer acetate and natalizumab are most likely to have positive effects on the perception of fatigue in MS patients. In the case of interferons, published data do not offer a uniform orientation. However, clinical experience shows that it must always be expected that interferon therapy will lead to an increase in fatigue in individual patients. Discontinuing interferon and switching to glatiramer acetate or one of the oral drugs (horizontal switch) can therefore make sense in terms of fatigue and disease stability. Modern antibody therapies seem to be rather uncritical in terms of triggering or worsening fatigue. However, short-term fluctuations in fatigue can occur. The data on ponesimod currently look promising, although it should be noted that the measuring instrument for fatigue was newly developed and that there are no comparative data with other disease modifying therapies – apart from the active comparator teriflunomide from the registration study. There is therefore a need for scientific action here to ensure that ponesimod has a »real superiority« in terms of fatigue compared to other therapies. Keywords: multiple sclerosis, fatigue, management of fatigue, immunotherapies, mild to moderate MS, active to highly active MS

scholarly journals Structured Short-Term Group Art Therapy in Patients with Fibromyalgia. A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eha Rüütel ◽  
Kaie Kruus ◽  
Alissa Ivanova ◽  
Karin Laas
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapy Session ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Research background. The causes of fibromyalgia (FM) are unclear and diagnosing FM is complicated, which limits treatment options, and no treatment to date has proven fully effective in alleviating its symptoms. In current studies, where art therapy has been applied in the case of FM, art therapy has been part of a multidisciplinary intervention. The authors were unable to find any published data on the effects of art therapy on FM. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of group art therapy on pain, emotional state, and feeling of health and comfort of FM patients. Research methods. Intervention included ten structured art therapy sessions. The participants were 20 women between the ages of 39–64 years. In order to assess the results of therapy, a self-rate questionnaire was used. Therapy session changes were registered using pain and fatigue NRS and semantic differential scales of feeling of health and comfort. The outcome of group art therapy was assessed with a pain and fatigue NRS, and an Emotional State Questionnaire (EST-Q2). An open question was used to study the expectations of participants at the beginning of therapy and the main result of the therapy upon its conclusion. Research results. During the group art therapy session, pain and fatigue decreased and the feeling of health and comfort improved. This was confirmed by the content analysis of open questions. Following therapy, a significant decrease had taken place in the subscales of the Emotional State Questionnaire in depression, anxiety, and agoraphobia-panic; a substantial decrease in pain and fatigue took place in patients with heightened baseline measures. Conclusion. The changes following the therapy session confirm the results of earlier studies on the positive effects of psychotherapy and art therapy sessions on pain. The pilot study provided promising results for the application of structured short-term group art therapy with FM patients. Keywords: group art therapy, fibromyalgia, pain, fatigue, emotional state.Keywords: group art therapy, fbromyalgia, pain, fatigue, emotional state.

Effects of Short-Term Mission Trips on Recipients’ Self-Esteem and Readiness for Self-Directed Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712110115
Author(s):  
Charissa H. W. Wong ◽  
Li Neng Lee ◽  
Alberto Pérez Pereiro
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Group Post ◽  
Mission Trips

Short-term Christian overseas volunteer trips, also known as short-term mission trips (STMs), have become increasingly prevalent (Howell & Dorr, 2007). However, research on these programs has been limited. This quasi-experimental study adds to the literature by quantitatively measuring the effects of an STM from Singapore to Thailand. STM recipients’ ( n = 44) self-esteem and readiness for self-directed learning (RSDL) were compared across timepoints – pre-test, post-test, follow-up – and with a control group ( n = 50). It was hypothesized that recipients would experience an increase in self-esteem and RSDL such that their scores would be higher than the control group post-STM. Results provide partial support for the hypotheses; while improvements among recipients were either not significant (for self-esteem) or not long-lasting (for RSDL), recipients had higher scores than the control group post-STM. This suggests that STMs have some, albeit limited, positive effects. Recommendations for promoting greater and longer-lasting effects are offered.

scholarly journals Parenteral Nutrition and Oxidant Load in Neonates

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Kandeepan Karthigesu ◽  
Robert F. Bertolo ◽  
Robert J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Short Term Survival

Neonates with preterm, gastrointestinal dysfunction and very low birth weights are often intolerant to oral feeding. In such infants, the provision of nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) becomes necessary for short-term survival, as well as long-term health. However, the elemental nutrients in PN can be a major source of oxidants due to interactions between nutrients, imbalances of anti- and pro-oxidants, and environmental conditions. Moreover, neonates fed PN are at greater risk of oxidative stress, not only from dietary sources, but also because of immature antioxidant defences. Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. This narrative review of published data provides insight to oxidant molecules generated in PN, nutrient sources of oxidants, and measures to minimize oxidant levels.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

Globalization of Economy: qualis es et quo vadis?

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
V. Pan'kov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
State Of Affairs

In a long historical perspective, the globalization of the economy is, no doubt, the future of the mankind. However, we should not overlook the contradiction that has dramatically intensified as a result of the 2008-2009 recession. This is the contradiction between globalization as an objective process with mostly positive effects and its model that is being implemented today (namely, the policy of globalization). Furthermore, we can propose a number of important arguments in favor of a statement that at the current state of affairs the globalization has exhausted itself. Nobody can exclude a short-term braking down of the globalization progress nor even a U-turn, albeit temporary, to a de-globalization. Under unfavorable circumstances such a reverse movement can cover the entire period up to 2020. The author states that transnational corporations are the main subject of the world economy which will the most actively oppose such a development.

scholarly journals Use of newer disease-modifying therapies in pediatric multiple sclerosis in the US

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (19) ◽  
pp. e1778-e1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Krysko ◽  
Jennifer Graves ◽  
Mary Rensel ◽  
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
Gregory Aaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disease Modifying

ObjectiveTo characterize the use and safety of newer disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in children with multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) treated under 18 years of age.MethodsThis is a cohort study including children with MS or CIS followed at 12 outpatient practices participating in the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. DMT use, including duration, dose, and side effects, was analyzed. Newer DMTs were defined as agents receiving Food and Drug Administration approval or with increased use in adult MS after 2005.ResultsAs of July 2017, 1,019 pediatric patients with MS (n = 748) or CIS (n = 271) were enrolled (65% female, mean onset 13.0 ± 3.9 years, mean follow-up 3.5 ± 3.1 years, median 1.6 visits per year). Of these, 78% (n = 587) with MS and 11% (n = 31) with CIS received DMT before 18 years of age. This consisted of at least one newer DMT in 42%, including dimethyl fumarate (n = 102), natalizumab (n = 101), rituximab (n = 57), fingolimod (n = 37), daclizumab (n = 5), and teriflunomide (n = 3). Among 17%, the initial DMT prescribed was a newer agent (36 dimethyl fumarate, 30 natalizumab, 22 rituximab, 14 fingolimod, 2 teriflunomide). Over the last 10 years, the use of newer agents has increased, particularly in those ≥12 years and to lesser extent in those <12 years. The short-term side effect profiles of newer DMTs did not differ from those reported in adults.ConclusionNewer DMTs are often used in pediatric MS, and have similar short-term safety, tolerability, and side effect profiles as in adults. These findings may help inform pediatric MS management.

Endoscopic pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abtin Tabaee ◽  
Vijay K. Anand ◽  
Yolanda Barrón ◽  
David H. Hiltzik ◽  
Seth M. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Object Surgery on the pituitary gland is increasingly being performed through an endoscopic approach. However, there is little published data on its safety and relative advantages over traditional microscope-based approaches. Published reports are limited by small sample size and nonrandomized study design. A meta-analysis allows for a description of the impact of endoscopic surgery on short-term outcomes. Methods The authors performed retrospective review of data from their institution as well as a systematic review of the literature. The pooled data were analyzed for descriptive statistics on short-term outcomes. Results Nine studies (821 patients) met inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled rate of gross tumor removal was 78% (95% CI 67–89%). Hormone resolution was achieved in 81% (95% CI 71–91%) of adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting tumors, 84% (95% CI 76–92%) of growth hormone secreting tumors, and 82% (95% CI 70–94%) of prolactin secreting tumors. The pooled complication rates were 2% (95% CI 0–4%) for CSF leak and 1% (95% CI 0–2%) for permanent diabetes insipidus. There were 2 deaths reported in the literature that were both related to vascular injury, giving an overall mortality rate of 0.24%. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis support the safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic pituitary surgery. Future studies with long-term follow-up are required to determine tumor control.

scholarly journals Potassium-magnesium Imbalance Causes Detrimental Effects on Growth, Starch Allocation and Rubisco Activity in Sugarcane Plants 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariani Garcia ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High K ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract While there is abundant literature on the antagonistic interaction between potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) during root uptake and transport, there is, however, little published data on the interaction between these nutrients within tissue, especially for sugarcane plants having high demand for K and Mg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the interactions between K and Mg on growth, starch partitioning, and activity of Rubisco. Plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions in nutrient solution with increasing K application rates at low and adequate Mg treatments. Magnesium adequate plants contained much higher amount of starch in roots, stalks and young leaves than the low Mg plants when K applications were at low levels. By contrast, there was a high accumulation of starch in the source leaves of the Mg deficient plants. Magnesium deficiency was also associated with significant decreases in Rubisco activity in leaves. Our results show clearly that high K rates interfere significantly with the positive effects of Mg on plant growth, Rubisco activity and starch accumulation in sink organs such as roots and stalks. It is obvious that the imbalance between K and Mg nutrition in sugarcane may result in important consequences in sugar yield.

scholarly journals Short-term and long-term international scientific mobility of Italian PhDs: An analysis by gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Valentina Tocchioni ◽  
Alessandra Petrucci ◽  
Alessandra Minello
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Career ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Brain

In the last years, there has been a large increase in high-educated and high-skilled people’s mobility as a consequence of the internationalization and globalization, the weakening of research and university systems of sending countries (the “brain drain” process), the increase in skilled demand and improvements in higher education of host countries (the “brain gain” process). At the micro-level, academic mobility has positive consequences on occupational prospects and careers of researchers, both in the short- and long- run. Nevertheless, numerous research studies have demonstrated the challenges of engaging in international academic mobility for people with caring responsibilities, particularly women. Using Italian data on occupational conditions of PhDs collected in 2018 by Istat and modelling multinomial logistic regression analyses, we intend to verify if female researchers are associated with a lower international mobility irrespective their field of study, and the extent to which gender interacts differently in the various fields of study in affecting the probability of moving abroad after PhD qualification. Also, the distinction between long-term and short-term mobility, which has been mainly neglected in the literature concentrating on longer stays, has taken into account. In this respect, short-term mobility is a potentially high-value investment that may be pursued also by those researchers and scientists who cannot move for longer periods, such as women with caring responsibilities. In the literature, it is acknowledged that an experience abroad during early career may have positive effects on future occupational prospects. With our work, we intend to shed light on potential disparities on moving abroad that may exist among researchers in their early career by gender, and which could contribute to leave behind women in academia.

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