scholarly journals EDGE features and French liaison

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Word Boundary ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Constraints ◽  
Edge Features

This paper presents a descriptive overview of liaison, giving an idea of the scope of the phenomenon and possible approaches to its analysis. As for the contextual conditions on liaison, in many cases, the traditional notions of obligatory and prohibited liaison do not reflect speakers' actual behavior. It turns out that general syntactic constraints cannot determine the systematic presence or absence of liaison at a given word boundary. At best, specific constraints can be formulated to target particular classes of constructions. To express such constraints, I propose a system of representation in the framework of HPSG. The use of EDGE features (introduced by Miller (1992) for a GPSG treatment of French) provides the necessary link between phrasal descriptions and the properties of phrase-peripheral elements.

scholarly journals Vowel Elision in Ikhin, an Edoid Language in South-south Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
Opoola Bolanle T. ◽  
Olaide Oladimeji
Keyword(s):  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Word Boundary ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Its Analysis

In this paper, attention is on the basic factors that come into force in determining whether or not vowel will elide and which of the V1 and V2 in a sequence should disappear in any environment. This paper also examines the phonological, morphological and syntactic reasons behind vowel elision as a syllable structure process in Ikhin language. As in the case of related African languages that have been previously described by various scholars, this paper presents how vowel elision works in Ikhin and the problems arising from its analysis. In this study, the focus is on the explanation and analysis of factors such as boundary, morpheme structure and vowel quality which actually determine whether or not elision should take place in Ikhin. Apart from factors such as vowel quality and boundary, one other factor with respect to elision or glide formation is the syllable structure of the verbs and nouns in Ikhin. Ikhin nouns are either disyllabic i.e. V(C)V or trisyllabic, etc. It is argued that the operation of vowel elision is blocked in disyllabic nouns as /i/, /o/ and /u/ form glides when either of them occurs as V1 whereas vowel elision rather than glide formation takes place in trisyllabic nouns. The study concludes based on data not previously discussed in the language that elision is driven by syllable-based and syntactic-based analyses and that a major strategy of discouraging vowel cluster in Ikhin is vowel elision because the syllable structure of the language prohibits cluster of vowels within word or across word boundary.

Light Optical Diffraction Studies of Macromolecular Ultrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Glen B. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Analysis of light optical diffraction patterns produced by electron micrographs can easily lead to much nonsense. Such diffraction patterns are referred to as optical transforms and are compared with transforms produced by a variety of mathematical manipulations. In the use of light optical diffraction patterns to study periodicities in macromolecular ultrastructures, a number of potential pitfalls have been rediscovered. The limitations apply to the formation of the electron micrograph as well as its analysis.(1) The high resolution electron micrograph is itself a complex diffraction pattern resulting from the specimen, its stain, and its supporting substrate. Cowley and Moodie (Proc. Phys. Soc. B, LXX 497, 1957) demonstrated changing image patterns with changes in focus. Similar defocus images have been subjected to further light optical diffraction analysis.

Probing the Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Radiation-Sensitive Polymers by Parallel-Detection EELS

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor ◽  
G. P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Ptfe Sample ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Edge Features ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Investigation of neat polymers by TEM is often thwarted by their sensitivity to the incident electron beam, which also limits the usefulness of chemical and spectroscopic information available by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for these materials. However, parallel-detection EELS systems allow reduced radiation damage, due to their far greater efficiency, thereby promoting their use to obtain this information for polymers. This is evident in qualitative identification of beam sensitive components in polymer blends and detailed investigations of near-edge features of homopolymers.Spectra were obtained for a poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (BPAC) blend containing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) using a parallel-EELS and a serial-EELS (Gatan 666, 607) for comparison. A series of homopolymers was also examined using parallel-EELS on a JEOL 2000FX TEM employing a LaB6 filament at 100 kV. Pure homopolymers were obtained from Scientific Polymer Products. The PTFE sample was commercial grade. Polymers were microtomed on a Reichert-Jung Ultracut E and placed on holey carbon grids.

What Can We Learn From Factorial Surveys About Human Behavior?

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Petzold ◽  
Tobias Wolbring
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Intended Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Factorial survey experiments are increasingly used in the social sciences to investigate behavioral intentions. The measurement of self-reported behavioral intentions with factorial survey experiments frequently assumes that the determinants of intended behavior affect actual behavior in a similar way. We critically investigate this fundamental assumption using the misdirected email technique. Student participants of a survey were randomly assigned to a field experiment or a survey experiment. The email informs the recipient about the reception of a scholarship with varying stakes (full-time vs. book) and recipient’s names (German vs. Arabic). In the survey experiment, respondents saw an image of the same email. This validation design ensured a high level of correspondence between units, settings, and treatments across both studies. Results reveal that while the frequencies of self-reported intentions and actual behavior deviate, treatments show similar relative effects. Hence, although further research on this topic is needed, this study suggests that determinants of behavior might be inferred from behavioral intentions measured with survey experiments.

A Literature Review On Anti Virus And Its Analysis

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Vishal Patel ◽  
Pravin H. Bhathawala
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Online Consumers ◽  
Virus Attack

Anti Virus are nasty software’s. It is designed to damage computer systems without the knowledge of the owner using the system and technique advancements are posing big challenges for researchers in both academia and the industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the available literatures on Anti Virus analysis and to determine how research has evolved and advanced in terms of quantity, content and publication outlets. Most Anti Virus programs are large and complex and one can’t possibly understand every detail. Educating the internet users about Anti Virus attack, as well as the implementation and proper application of anti-Anti Virus tools, are critical steps in protecting the identities of online consumers against Anti Virus attacks.

Theoretical and practical identifiability of a reduced order model in an activated sludge process doing nitrification and denitrification

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Julien ◽  
J. P. Babary ◽  
P. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Reduced Order Model ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Identifiability Analysis ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Line Oxygen

This paper deals with the structural identifiability and the identification of the parameters of a reduced order model used for control of a single reactor activated sludge process doing nitrification and denitrification. This reduced order model is splitted into two submodels, one 3-dimensional state submodel in aerobic conditions and one 2-dimensional state submodel in anoxic conditions. The identifiability analysis is based on on-line oxygen and nitrate concentrations data. It has been shown that the reduced order model is structurally identifiable. The parameter identification has been carried out by using the simplex method of Nelder and Mead. Simulation results performed over a range of six hours (two aerobic/anoxic cycles), show that there exists a good fit between the simulated solution and the actual behavior of a lab scale pilot plant.

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