scholarly journals Extending partial pro-drop in modern Hebrew: A comprehensive analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Finite Control

Modern Hebrew is considered to be a 'partial pro-drop language'. Traditionally, the distinction between cases where pro-drop is licensed and those in which it is prohibited, was based on the person and tense features of the verb: 1st and 2nd person pronominal subjects may be omitted in past and future tense. This generalization, however, was found to be false in a number of papers, each discussing a subset of the data. Thus, contrary to conventional wisdom, dropped 3rd person pronouns subjects do occur in the language in particular contexts. Identifying these contexts by way of a corpus-based survey is the initial step taken in this study. Subsequently, a careful syntactic analysis of the data reveals broad generalizations which have not been made to date. Thus, what was initially assumed to be a uniform phenomenon of 3rd person pro-drop turns out to be manifested in three distinct types of constructions. Finally, the proposed HPSG-based analysis incorporates insights concerning locality, correlations between finite and non-finite control, non-canonical elements, and binding.

Championing Child Care. By Sally S. Cohen. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 397p. $52.50 cloth, $26.00 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-823
Author(s):  
Joyce Gelb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Child Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Child Care Policy ◽  
Care Policy

Sally Cohen has written an important and comprehensive analysis of child-care policy in the United States, challenging the conventional wisdom that no such federal policy exists and that child care is not a major government priority, in contrast to other democratic welfare states (e.g., the Scandinavian countries and France).

Partisan Effects of Voter Turnout in Senatorial and Gubernatorial Elections

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H. Nagel ◽  
John E. McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
The South ◽  
Gubernatorial Elections ◽  
Complex Patterns

Conventional wisdom holds that higher turnout favors Democrats. Previous studies of this hypothesis rely on presidential and House elections or on survey data, but senatorial and gubernatorial elections offer better conditions for directly testing turnout effects in U.S. politics. In a comprehensive analysis of these statewide elections since 1928, we find that the conventional theory was true outside the South through 1964, but since 1965 the overall relationship between turnout and partisan outcomes has been insignificant. Even before the mid-1960s, the turnout effect outside the South was strongest in Republican states and insignificant or negative in heavily Democratic states. A similar but weaker pattern obtains after 1964. In the South, which we analyze only since 1966, higher turnout helped Republicans until 1990, but in 1990–94 the effect became pro-Democratic. The conventional theory cannot account for these complex patterns, but they are impressively consistent with DeNardo's (1980) theory.

scholarly journals A Syntactic Analysis of Arabic Tense and Aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Abdullah S. Al-Dobaian
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Comprehensive Theory

I discuss the morphological analysis of tense and aspect proposed by early Arab grammarians and illustrate some of its problems. In order to account for these problems, the Arab grammarians had to relegate the effects of tense and aspect to the morphological forms of faÀal and yafÀal. I show that these forms marked different tense specifications other than the default past tense for faÀal and present or future tense for yafÀal. As for aspect it has only received a sporadic and inconsistent analysis by early Arab grammarians. I agree with Fassi Fehri (1993) and Juhfah (2006) that a comprehensive theory of tense and aspect is essential for Arabic. I propose a syntactic analysis of tense and aspect in Arabic based on MacDonald’s (2008) analysis with some modifications needed to account for the Arabic data. Unlike Fassi Fehri and Juhfah’s analyses, this analysis is based on the verb interaction with its arguments and modifiers in which the verb checks tense and aspect syntactically by moving to functional projections: aspect phrase and tense phrase. I argue that such syntactic analysis consistently explains the interaction of tense and aspect in Arabic and their relevant specifications.

Modern Hebrew še- and Judeo-Spanish ke- (que-) in Independent Modal Constructions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald ◽  
Sigal Shlomo
Keyword(s):  
Future Tense ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Special Construction ◽  
Modern Hebrew

Modality in Modern Hebrew is expressed in different ways. This article concentrates on one special construction consisting of an independent clause introduced by the particle še followed by a future tense verb, which expresses a variety of modal meanings: desires, wishes, prohibitions, volitions, curses, commands, etc. This means of expressing modality is very common in spoken Modern Hebrew, and can be found in various literary genres. As for its origins, although several suggestions have been proposed, we argue that spoken Judeo-Spanish (the substrate language of the first users of spoken Modern Hebrew in Israel), rather than Yiddish or Russian, is the initial contributor to this widely used construction.

Syntactic Analysis of Hebrew Sentences

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuly Wintner ◽  
Uzzi Ornan
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Formal Grammar ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Structure Tree ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractDue to recent developments in the area of computational formalisms for linguistic representation, the task of designing a parser for a specified natural language is now shifted to the problem of designing its grammar in certain formal ways. This paper describes the results of a project whose aim was to design a formal grammar for modern Hebrew. Such a formal grammar has never been developed before. Since most of the work on grammatical formalisms was done without regarding Hebrew (and other Semitic languages as well), we had to choose a formalism that would best fit the specific needs of the language. This part of the project has been described elsewhere. In this paper we describe the details of the grammar we developed. The grammar deals with simple, subordinate and coordinate sentences as well as interrogative sentences. Some structures were thoroughly dealt with, among which are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, relative clauses, object and adjunct clauses; many types of adjuncts; subcategorization of verbs; coordination; numerals, etc. For each phrase the parser produces a description of the structure tree of the phrase as well as a representation of the syntactic relations in it. Many examples of Hebrew phrases are demonstrated, together with the structure the parser assigns them. In cases where more than one parse is produced, the reasons of the ambiguity are discussed.

The Arabic Language in Contrast to English and Italian: Future Tense Revisited

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Oliemat ◽  
Amal Al-Saikhan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Khawalda
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics

This study investigates the nature of the future tense in Arabic language in contrast to English and Italian languages. A major question to be answered is whether Arabic language as well as English and Italian have a real future tense.The methodology employed is based on contrastive linguistics theory which includes a full description of the expression of futurity in the languages under investigation, followed by a morpho-syntactic analysis of the forms used to express futurity. The data were obtained from three different, but rather similar in nature, sources. These include the prime ministers' speeches to the house of parliament in the case of Italian and Arabic languages (along with a description, frequency and percentages of the future forms used in the holy Quran) ; and a three hour recording of an American series ( Acapulco bay) translated into Arabic.The results show that there are similarities ( though belonging to different language families) and differences among these languages in terms of their expression of futurity. Further, they show that Italian and Arabic languages do have real future tense unlike English which does not have a morphologically marked forms to express futurity.      

scholarly journals The peculiarity of syntactic constructions of Lezgian folk riddles

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Aida Ruslanovna Gasharova
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

The subject of this research is the peculiarity of syntactic constructions of Lezgain folk riddles. The object of this research is the aphoristic genre of Lezgian folklore – the riddles. Along with other folklore genres, riddles hold a remarkable place in the folklore poetics Lezgins, featuring prevalence of storytelling. The relevance the selected topic lies in the absence of specific research dedicated to comprehensive analysis of this genre of Lezgian folklore. The article illustrates the syntactic constructions of folk riddles of Lezgins. The conducted brief syntactic analysis is valuable for further research of this topic, since the linguistic aspect of studying folk riddles is yet to be explored. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that Lezgian folk riddles, which are one of the ancient genres, require in-depth study. The conclusion is made that Lezgian folk riddles use mononuclear syntactic constructions to achieve concision in describing a propounded object or phenomenon. The interrogative or narrative sentences are commonly used. There are also riddles with compound syntactic structure. The acquired results can be used in the practical work of folklorists and linguists.

Preparation of Electron Transparent Metal-Matrix Composites

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Numerous phenomenological descriptions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials have been developed. There is now an urgent need to study and interpret deformation behavior, load transfer, and strain distribution, in terms of micromechanisms at the atomic level. One approach is to characterize dislocation substructure resulting from specific test conditions by the various techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The present paper describes a technique for the preparation of electron transparent composites of aluminum-stainless steel, such that examination of the matrix-fiber (wire), or interfacial region is possible. Dislocation substructures are currently under examination following tensile, compressive, and creep loading. The technique complements and extends the one other study in this area by Hancock.The composite examined was hot-pressed (argon atmosphere) 99.99% aluminum reinforced with 15% volume fraction stainless steel wire (0.006″ dia.).Foils were prepared so that the stainless steel wires run longitudinally in the plane of the specimen i.e. the electron beam is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. The initial step involves cutting slices ∼0.040″ in thickness on a diamond slitting wheel.

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