use of aspect in Czech L2

The focus of the present paper is on the difference between English and German learners‘ use of perfectivity and imperfectivity. The latter is expressed by means of suffixation (suffix -va-). In contrast, perfectivity is encoded either by suffixation (-nou-) or by prefixation (twenty different prefixes that mostly modify not only aspectual but also lexical properties of the verb). In the native Czech data set, there is no significant difference between the number of imperfectively and perfectively marked verb forms. In the English data, imperfectively and perfectively marked verb forms are equally represented as well. However, German learners use significantly more perfective forms than English learners and Czech natives. When encoding perfectivity in Czech, German learners prefer to use prefixes to suffixes. Overall, English learners in comparison to German learners encode more perfectives by means of suffixation than prefixation. These results suggest that German learners of Czech focus on prefixes expressing aspectual and lexical modification of the verb, while English learners rather pay attention to the aspectual opposition between perfective and imperfective. In a more abstract way, the German learner group focuses on the operations carried out on the left side from the verb stem while the English learner group concentrates on the operations performed on the right side qfrom the verb stem. This sensitivity can be to certain degree motivated by the linguistic devices of the corresponding source languages: English learners of Czech use imperfectives mainly because English has marked fully grammatical form for the expression of imperfective aspect – the progressive -ing form. German learners, on the other hand, pay in Czech more attention to the prefixes, which like in German modify the lexical meaning of the verb. In this manner, Czech prefixes used for perfectivization function similar to the German verbal prefixes (such as ab-, ver-) modifying Aktionsart.

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Difference in height of maxillary alveolar ridge on edentulous women and dentate women using panoramic radiography

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1243-1248

Author(s):

Cek Dara Manja ◽

Dennis

Keyword(s):

Panoramic Radiography ◽

Total Sample ◽

Mechanical Stimulus ◽

Average Height ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

The height of the maxillary alveolar ridge can be measured using panoramic radiography. The decline occurred because the height of the alveolar ridge undergoes slow physiological resorption due to the absence of mechanical stimulus. The purpose of this research is to know the difference and the average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in edentulous and dentate women using panoramic radiography. This study is an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. A total sample of 40 women, edentulous and dentate has been measured. Measurements were made by measuring the distance between the lowest point of the infraorbital ridge and alveolar crest maxilla on the incisor point, right and left premolar, right and left molar. A statistical test is done using independent t-test. The results showed that the average value of a dentate women sample is greater than edentulous. The average value obtained by the dentate sample is greatest in incisor point by 37,57mm± 3,34mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 33,87mm ± 2,81mm. The average value obtained by the edentulous sample is greatest in incisor point by 35,30mm ± 2,79mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 31,84mm ± 3,85mm. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the height of the maxillary alveolar ridge on an edentulous sample and dentate, except the right molar teeth. The average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in an edentulous sample is 33,35mm ± 3,43mm, and the dentate sample is 35,66mm ± 3,21mm.

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Evaluation of Biomechanically Corrected Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Keratoconus and Forme Fruste Keratoconus

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000506839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 541-549

Author(s):

Tomoya Nishida ◽

Takashi Kojima ◽

Takahiro Kataoka ◽

Naoki Isogai ◽

Yoko Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Measurements ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Corneal Biomechanical Properties ◽

Forme Fruste Keratoconus

Introduction: Although biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) is available, the effectiveness of intraocular pressure (IOP) correction in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK) eyes has not been investigated. Objective: Evaluation of bIOP measurements in eyes with keratoconus and FFK. Methods: Forty-two eyes in 21 patients with keratoconus in one eye and FFK in the fellow eye were examined (KC/FFK group; mean age 24.62 ± 8.6 years; 16 males and 5 females). The control group consisted of 62 eyes in 31 unaffected subjects (mean age 26.26 ± 3.64 years; 15 males and 16 females). The bIOP was determined using a Scheimpflug-based tonometer (Corvis Scheimpflug Technology [Corvis ST®]) after measuring the IOP with a conventional non-contact tonometer (NIOP). The agreement between NIOP and bIOP values was examined using the Bland-Altman plot. The difference between NIOP and bIOP (bIOP correction amount) was compared between keratoconus and FFK eyes. Results: In the control group, there were no significant differences between right and left eyes in both NIOP and bIOP values (p = 0.975 and p = 0.224, respectively). In the KC/FFK group, NIOP values were significantly lower in the keratoconus eyes (9.93 ± 1.96 mm Hg) than in the FFK eyes (12.23 ± 3.03 mm Hg; p = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in bIOP values between the right and left eyes of the KC/FFK group (p = 0.168). The bIOP correction amount was significantly increased in keratoconus eyes (3.58 ± 2.12 mm Hg) compared to in FFK eyes (1.80 ± 3.32 mm Hg; p = 0.011). Conclusions: For eyes with keratoconus and FFK, the bIOP method is effective to adjust IOP measurements based on corneal biomechanical properties.

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A study on maxillary sinus dimensions by computed tomography in population of Tamil Nadu

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. 091-096

Author(s):

N Muthukumaravel ◽

K.Y Manjunath

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Maximum Width ◽

Average Width ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background and aims: Maxillary sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses known for variability in their dimensions. The maxillary sinus dimensions can be better ascertained in living by using computed tomography instead of plain radiography. This study was planned for highlighting the variations in the dimensions of the maxillary sinuses of population of Tamil Nadu region. The aims of the present study were to estimate dimensions of the maxillary sinuses on computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head of patients from Tamil Nadu and to compare the data gender wise and sidewise. Material and methods: Maximum width, height and depth of maxillary sinus of both sides were measured in CT - head images of 100 males and 100 females of 20-50 years of age in Tamil Nadu. Comparison of data between genders and sides by applying unpaired student "t" test was done. Results : The mean depth, height and width of both right and left maxillary sinuses were comparatively less in females than the males and the difference was found to be statistically significant ( P <.0001). On comparison between the sides of maxillary sinuses, the depth and the height of maxillary sinus did not show any significant difference in the measurements (p >.05), whereas the width of the left side (23.96 mm) was higher than that of the right side (23.69) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<.05). The combined average maxillary sinus dimensions (in mm) for both genders in the study population of Tamil Nadu are as follows: Right side depth: 33.71 ± 1.00; Left side depth : 33.65 ± 1.22; Right side height: 34.66 ± 2.71; Left side height: 34.74± 2.48; Right side width: 23.69 ± 0.78 and Left side width: 23.96 ± 0.86. Conclusion: The dimensions of maxillary sinuses in males were found to be larger than those of females and this difference was statistically significant. The average width of the maxillary sinuses on the left side is significantly more than that of right sided sinuses. Computed tomography measurements of maxillary sinuses may be useful in gender determination.

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The Coefficient of Variation of Step Time Can Overestimate Gait Abnormality: Test-Retest Reliability of Gait-Related Parameters Obtained with a Tri-Axial Accelerometer in Healthy Subjects

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20030577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 577 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shunrou Fujiwara ◽

Shinpei Sato ◽

Atsushi Sugawara ◽

Yasumasa Nishikawa ◽

Takahiro Koji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Step Length ◽

Gait Parameter ◽

Data Set ◽

Gait Abnormality ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Assessment Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Gait Abnormalities

The aim of this study was to investigate whether variation in gait-related parameters among healthy participants could help detect gait abnormalities. In total, 36 participants (21 men, 15 women; mean age, 35.7 ± 9.9 years) performed a 10-m walk six times while wearing a tri-axial accelerometer fixed at the L3 level. A second walk was performed ≥1 month after the first (mean interval, 49.6 ± 7.6 days). From each 10-m data set, the following nine gait-related parameters were automatically calculated: assessment time, number of steps, stride time, cadence, ground force reaction, step time, coefficient of variation (CV) of step time, velocity, and step length. Six repeated measurement values were averaged for each gait parameter. In addition, for each gait parameter, the difference between the first and second assessments was statistically examined, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Only the CV of step time showed a significant difference between the first and second assessments (p = 0.0188). The CV of step time also showed the lowest ICC, at <0.50 (0.425), among all parameters. Test–retest results of gait assessment using a tri-axial accelerometer showed sufficient reproducibility in terms of the clinical evaluation of all parameters except the CV of step time.

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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Abnormal Hemodynamics in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of Menopausal Depression Patients

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2017/1695930 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiang-Yun Ma ◽

Yong-Jun Wang ◽

Bo Xu ◽

Kun Feng ◽

Gao-Xiang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Verbal Fluency Task ◽

Left Dlpfc ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Menopausal Depression

Background/Objective. Menopausal depression (MD) is characterized by depressive symptoms along with hormonal fluctuations. We investigate brain function alteration between major depressive disorder (MDD) and MD.Methods. The difference in oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was compared retrospectively among 90 females presented with 30 MDD, 30 MD, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) using verbal fluency task (VFT) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Results. We observed a significant difference in Oxy-Hb alteration in the left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) using VFT with NIRS (channel 18,P=0.007) between the MD and MDD groups. A significant difference in Oxy-Hb levels was observed among the three groups in the bilateral DLPFC (channels 18, 27, 33, 39, 41, and 45;P<0.05). Compared to the HCs, the MD group presented lower Oxy-Hb activation in the right DLPFC (channel 41;P=0.048) and the left DLPFC (channels 18, 39, and 45;P<0.05), and the MDD group presented lower Oxy-Hb activation in the right DLPFC (channels 27, 33, and 41;P<0.05) and the left DLPFC (channels 39 and 45;P<0.05).Conclusion. Abnormal hemodynamics of the left DLPFC can differentiate MD from MDD by NIRS.

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Monitor-Position in Laparoscopic Surgery

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120204601621 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (16) ◽

pp. 1506-1510 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U. Matern ◽

K. Kehl ◽

C. Giebmeyer ◽

M. Faist

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Surgery ◽

Task Performance ◽

Head Movements ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Single Session ◽

Laparoscopic Suturing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

And Task

One of the key problems in laparoscopy is the correct positioning of the monitor. In this study we tested task performance and muscle-strain of subjects in relation to monitor-position during laparoscopic surgery. 18 subjects simulated laparoscopic suturing. This was repeated in three monitor positions (15 minutes each) frontal at eye level (A), frontal in height of the operating field (B) and 45° to the right side at eye level (C). No head movements were allowed during a single session. In a fourth measurement the subjects were allowed to move the head and to look at any monitor. After the test they were asked for their preferred monitor position. During all tests the electromyographic (EMG) activity of six main neck muscles was recorded and the number of pearls was counted. The EMG activity was significantly (p<0.05) lower for position A compared to position B or C. No significant difference was found between the positions B and C. The number of threaded pearls as an indicator for task performance was highest for position B. The difference was statistically significant compared to position C but not between positions A and C or A and B. Asked for the preferred monitor position 9 subjects chose two monitors in the frontal positions A and B. No subject preferred the monitor at the side (C). Regarding EMG data the monitor positioned frontal at eye level is preferable. Reflecting personal preferences of subjects and task performance it should be of advantage to place two monitors for the surgeon: one in position A for lowest neck strain, and the other one in position B for difficult tasks with optimal task performance. The monitor position at the side is not advisable.

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ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PEMBENTUKAN VERBA BAHASA ARAB DAN BAHASA INDONESIA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB

JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA ◽

10.34050/jib.v6i2.5641 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 258

Author(s):

Isra Mirdayanti ◽

Najmuddin Abd. Safa ◽

Kaharuddin Kaharuddin

Keyword(s):

Arabic Language ◽

Technical Note ◽

Contrastive Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Verb Forms ◽

Verb Phrases ◽

Semantic Concepts ◽

The Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

Collection Methods

The construction Arabic dan Indonesian verbs within implication of learning Arabic language. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of formation of verbs Arabic and Indonesian, analyzing the difference between the two processes and outlines the implications of the differences in Arabic and Indonesian verb formation on Arabic learning. This research includes qualitative research. The data in this study are written data, whether published in articles, papers, books, and those contained in other writings related to the formation of verbs Arabic and Indonesian language and learning Arabic. The data collection methods used to refer to the technical note. The data collected in this study were analyzed using contrastive analysis. The results of this study describe the formation of Arabic verbs through internal modification and affixation, while the formation of verbs in the Indonesian language is done through affixation, reduplication and composition. The significant difference between the two is that the formation of verbs in Arabic is always related to time, quantity, and gender so as to reveal time, different numbers or genders are expressed grammatically through verb changes, whereas the formation of verbs in Indonesian is not related to time, and gender so as to reveal semantic concepts of time, quantity, and gender are lexically represented accompanying verbs to form verb phrases without altering their verb forms. The differences between them have implications for the Arabic learning process, namely the emergence of difficulties faced by Arabic learners.

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An assessment of nasal and orbital parameters in human fetuses

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171243 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1445

Author(s):

Musa Acar ◽

Ahmet Salbacak ◽

Aynur E. Çiçekcibaşı ◽

Mustafa Büyükmumcu ◽

Tahir K. Şahin

Keyword(s):

Nasal Bone ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Orbital Parameters ◽

Biparietal Diameter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nasal Bone Length ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Turkish Community

Background: Nasal bone aplasia and hypoplasia have been reported on fetuses with aneuploidy. Trisomy 21 is one of the most common chromosomal abnormality detected in new-borns. The purpose of our study is to obtain data of some face parameters in Turkish fetal population and to contribute creation of reference ranges that may be used for prenatal diagnosis.Methods: This study was performed in 66 spontaneously aborted fetuses (47 second trimester and 19 third trimester) (28 male and 38 female) with no detectable external pathology or anomalies. Measurements were designed as nasal bone length (NBL), nose length (NL), nose width (NW), nostril width (NsW), intraocular distance (IOD), innercanthal distance (ICD), outercanthal distance (OCD), orbital diameter (OD), biparietal diameter (BPD).Results: In comparison between genders, ICD and BPD averages were found significantly higher in male fetuses than female fetuses (P<0.05). There was not any statistically significant difference between averages of the values on the right and left. The difference between second and the third trimester was significant in terms of all parameters (P<0.05). A strong correlation was detected between gestational age and our parameters.Conclusions: Present study has contributed to create reference ranges of Turkish community. When importance of early diagnosis is considered, we believe that this data will be useful for clinicians.

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The Effect of Teachers’ Work Ethic Practice: A Study at a Daily School in the Kubang Pasu District

The Journal of Social Sciences Research ◽

10.32861/jssr.spi6.353.356 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 353-356

Keyword(s):

Ministry Of Education ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Work Ethics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Ethics Code ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Test Result

This study aims to identify the effect of Teachers’ Work Ethics (TWE) practice based on the teachers’ work ethics code outlined by the Ministry of Education (MOE). The research sample involved teachers who are teaching at one of the daily schools in the Kubang Pasu District whom were given intervention for a month. Questionnaire was used to seek the effect of intervention prescribed in the effort to develop TWE Model. The study employed inferential statistics of t-test paired sample to see the difference between pre test and post test result. The finding showed that there is an increase in ethics practice in terms of the right intention, good conduct, initiator of goodness, fulfilling promise and; disciplined and civilised. However, in the aspect of discipline and conduct, there is significant difference between pre and post test that is (p< 0.05). This difference shows that teachers focus more on practicing this particular aspect in their daily lives. Study findings give the implication that attitude, training and role of leaders are important in determining that this principle is implemented successfully.

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Canine hip extension range during gait

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v79i4.269 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.M. Van der Walt ◽

A.V. Stewart ◽

K.E. Joubert ◽

P. Bekker

Keyword(s):

Hind Limbs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Hip Motion ◽

Pelvic Limb ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Tools And Techniques ◽

Hip Extension

Assessment of canine gait is frequently used by veterinary clinicians to establish the presence of orthopaedic pain. As up to 30 % of canine orthopaedic conditions affect the pelvic limb, knowledge of pelvic limb biomechanics during gait is very important. Previous studies have investigated the biomechanics at the tarsus and stifle, but little information is available regarding hip motion during gait. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum hip extension range achieved during the stance phase of gait in normal canines. In addition, this study aimed to determine the difference between maximum passive hip extension and maximum hip extension during gait. Using a sample of 30 morphologically similar normal dogs, mean maximum passive hip extension was measured using a goniometer and mean maximum hip extension range during gait was determined videographically. Inter- and intra-assessor reliability studies performed at the start of the study showed that the measurement tools and techniques used in this study were valid and reliable. The goniometric data showed that mean maximum passive hip extension range was 162.44° (±3.94) with no significant difference between the left and the right hind limbs. The videographic data showed that mean maximum hip extension range during gait was 119.97° (±9.26) with no significant difference between the left and right hind limbs. The results of this study provided reference values for active and passive hip extension range and showed that the degree of hip extension range required for normal gait is significantly less than maximum passive hip extension range.

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