Surface properties and structure of aspen wood.

Author(s):  
И.В. Коваленко ◽  
М.А. Чубинский ◽  
Д.С. Русаков ◽  
Г.С. Варанкина

Применение древесины осины в промышленном производстве материалов и изделий ограничено из-за ее низких механических свойств, подверженности поражению коррозионно-деструктивной гнили, отсутствием должного обоснования технологии ее переработки. Невостребованная осина осложняет условия хозяйствования в лесу, ухудшает породный состав древостоев, препятствует восстановлению хвойных пород древесины. Древесина осины хуже смачивается водой по сравнению с другими породами. Изучение ее поверхностных свойств и строения на микроуровне представляет безусловный интерес для изучения взаимодействия древесины с водой, жидкими клеящими и защитно-декоративными веществами. Это сложная многопараметрическая задача, решение которой может явиться новым инструментом для обоснования наукоемких технологических процессов сушки, пропитки, склеивания и облагораживания древесины. Истинная поверхность древесины, образованная в результате обработки резанием (лущением, пилением, фрезерованием) значительно больше ее проекции на плоскости в результате разрезания микроструктурных элементов. Неровности на поверхности искажают результаты измерения поверхностных свойств, определяемых на основе угла смачивания. Учитывая то, что размеры стенок клеток меньше размеров полостей, истинная площадь поверхности древесины, в зависимости от вида разреза, может в десятки раз превышать кажущуюся. Ухудшение способности смачиваться объясняет образование на поверхности капель клея, нанесенного на шпон методом вальцевания. При горячем прессовании фанеры в первый момент времени повышается подвижность молекул клея, снижается упругость древесины, поверхность выравнивается, улучшая условия адгезионного взаимодействия связующего и древесины. Для определения истинных характеристик древесины, обоснования расхода клея, способности древесины поглощать жидкость необходимо знать размеры ее микроструктурных элементов и характер их распределения, объем поверхностных полостей. Эффективный радиус полостей древесины осины может быть описан с использованием теории фракталов. The use of aspen wood in manufacturing of materials and products is limited due to its low mechanical properties, corrosion susceptibility destructive lesion decay, its lack of proper justification processing technology. Unclaimed aspen difficult economic conditions in the forest, degrades the species composition of forest stands and prevents restoration of softwood. Wood aspen worse moistened with water compared to other breeds. The study of its structure and surface properties at the micro level is of great interest to study the interaction of wood with water, liquid adhesives and protective-decorative materials. This is the problem whose solution can be a new tool for the study of science-intensive technological processes of drying, impregnation, gluing and surface finishes. Real wood surface, formed by the machining (peeling, sawing, milling) significantly greater its projection on the plane as a result of cutting the microstructural elements. Surface irregularities distort the results of measurement of surface properties which are determined based on the contact angle. Given that the size of the cell walls is less than the size of the cavities, the true surface area of the veneer, depending on the type of incision, may be ten times the apparent. The deterioration of the ability of wetted explains the formation of droplets on the surface of adhesive deposited on the veneer by rolling. When plywood hot pressing at a first time increases mobility of adhesive molecules, decreases the modulus of elasticity of wood, surface is aligned, improving the conditions of interaction of the glue and the wood. To determine the true characteristics of the wood, glue flow study, the ability of wood to absorb liquid it is necessary to know the size of microstructural elements and their distribution, the amount of surface cavities. The effective radius of aspen wood cavities can be described using fractal theory.

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pizzi ◽  
J. -M. Leban ◽  
M. Zanetti ◽  
F. Pichelin ◽  
S. Wieland ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Noel ◽  
Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran ◽  
Hussein Nasrallah

ABSTRACTFor the first time, a new AFM mode is presented that simultaneously allows the measuring of adhesion and friction forces at different constant and continuous sliding velocities. Our methodology consists of implementing a circular relative displacement of the contact to reach a constant sliding velocity, with no stop periods. Some of the main advantages of performing a circular displacement is that continuous and high sliding velocities (more than 1 mm/s) can be reached compared to the low sliding velocities (up to 10 μm/s) available when using commercial AFM. Also, a stationary state is reached when doing measurements. Moreover, the circular mode can be coupled with the classical operating mode, for instance, force spectrum. Main applications of this circular mode are related to metrological measurements in physics that require high speed displacements. As an example, we report the evolution of friction and adhesive forces measured in air at different high sliding velocities.


Author(s):  
А.Н. Чубинский ◽  
И.В. Коваленко ◽  
Д.С. Русаков ◽  
Г.С. Варанкина

Качество формирования клеевых соединений древесины при склеивании шпона зависит от многих факторов, основными из которых являются плотность и влажность древесины, ее поверхностные свойства, вид клея и его характеристики, режимы склеивания. Фанера, склеенная из осинового шпона по применяемым на практике режимам, характеризуется меньшей прочностью, по сравнению с березовой фанерой. Применение древесины осины в промышленном производстве материалов и изделий ограничено из-за ее низких механических свойств, подверженности поражению коррозионно-деструктивной гнили, отсутствия должного обоснования технологии ее переработки. Невостребованная осина осложняет условия хозяйствования в лесу, ухудшает породный состав древостоев, препятствует восстановлению хвойных пород древесины. Прочность склеивания древесины и прочность фанеры возрастает с увеличением давления прессования, однако приводит к увеличению остаточной деформации и вероятности возникновения «пузырей» в склеиваемом пакете шпона. Поэтому обоснование давление прессования и расхода клея для склеивания шпона на основе свойств и строения древесины осины является актуальной задачей. Снижение давления по закону релаксирующих напряжений позволяет уменьшить давление парогазовой смеси в пакете шпона, уменьшает вероятность разрушения клеевого соединения при снятии внешнего усилия. Одним из эффективных способов повышения прочности клеевого соединения является применение лигносульфонатов в качестве модификатора для синтетических смол. The quality of the formation of adhesive joints when gluing wood veneers depends on many factors, the main ones are the density and moisture content of wood, its surface properties, type of adhesive and its characteristics, bonding modes. Plywood glued veneers of aspen on applied practice modes, characterized by lower strength in comparison with birch plywood. The use of aspen wood in manufacturing of materials and products is limited due to its low mechanical properties, corrosion susceptibility destructive lesion decay, its lack of proper justification processing technology. Unclaimed aspen difficult economic conditions in the forest, degrades the species composition of forest stands and prevents restoration of softwood. The adhesion of wood and plywood strength increases with increasing compaction pressure, however, leads to an increase in permanent deformation, and the likelihood of «bubbles» in the package are glued veneer. That is why the support of the pressing and glue flow pressure for bonding the veneer on the basis of structure and properties of aspen wood is an urgent task. Reducing pressure legally relaxing stress to reduce the pressure of the gas mixture in the veneer package, reduces the probability of failure of the adhesive joint when removing the external force. One effective way of increasing the bonding strength is the use of lignosulfonate as a modifier for synthetic resins.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahul Mujib Kamal ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Babini ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi

Walking is an everyday activity in our daily life. Because walking affects heart rate variability, in this research, for the first time, we analyzed the coupling among the alterations of the complexity of walking paths and heart rate. We benefited from the fractal theory and sample entropy to evaluate the influence of the complexity of paths on the complexity of heart rate variability (HRV) during walking. We calculated the fractal exponent and sample entropy of the R-R time series for nine participants who walked on four paths with various complexities. The findings showed a strong coupling among the alterations of fractal dimension (an indicator of complexity) of HRV and the walking paths. Besides, the result of the analysis of sample entropy also verified the obtained results from the fractal analysis. In further studies, we can analyze the coupling among the alterations of the complexities of other physiological signals and walking paths.


2017 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moulay Sadiki ◽  
Soumya Elabed ◽  
Hassan Barkai ◽  
Mounyr Balouiri ◽  
Abdelbar Nasri ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Wojcieszak ◽  
Danuta Kaczmarek ◽  
Jaroslaw Domaradzki ◽  
Michal Mazur

In this paper structural, optical, photoluminescence, and photocatalytic properties of TiO2and TiO2:(2.6 at. % Tb) thin films have been compared. Thin films were prepared by high-energy reactive magnetron sputtering process, which enables obtaining highly nanocrystalline rutile structure of deposited films. Crystallites sizes were 8.7 nm and 6.6 nm for TiO2and TiO2:Tb, respectively. Surface of prepared thin films was homogenous with small roughness of ca. 7.2 and 2.1 nm in case of TiO2and TiO2:Tb samples, respectively. Optical properties measurements have shown that the incorporation of Tb into TiO2matrix has not changed significantly the thin films transparency. It also enables obtaining photoluminescence effect in wide range from 350 to 800 nm, what is unique phenomenon in case of TiO2with rutile structure. Moreover, it has been found that the incorporation of 2.6 at. % of Tb has increased the photocatalytic activity more than two times as compared to undoped TiO2. Additionally, for the first time in the current state of the art, the relationship between photoluminescence effect, photocatalytic activity, and surface properties of TiO2:Tb thin films has been theoretically explained.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bainbridge ◽  
Kyle Engel ◽  
Jianyong Jin

4D printing has steadily become an emerging area of advanced manufacturing research and has produced some truly fantastic innovations. Previously we have demonstrated the 3D printing process based on PET-RAFT polymerization, and its subsequent capability in the post-production modification of surface properties. In this work, (1) we further optimized the PET-RAFT 3D printing formulation by replacing RAFT agent CDTPA with BTPA and adjusting the monomers composition; (2) we also observed the photodegradation of the photocatalysts EB and EY under 405nm light and the effects this has on 3D printing; (3) we then did successful 3D printing using a commercial 405nm DLP 3D printer, with an improved build speed of up to 2286 µm/hr; (4) lastly, for the first time we have demonstrated a method for growth induced bending of a 3D printed strip, where the growth on one side of the strip causes stress and the strip bends accordingly to reach a more comfortable position.


2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
GABRIELA SLABEJOVÁ ◽  
MÁRIA ŠMIDRIAKOVÁ

The effect of mechanical treatment of beech wood surface on quality of surface finish. The paper deals with the quality of three surface finishes intended into interior. Three types of coating materials were tested (polyurethane, waterborne, wax). Each type of the surface finish was created on beech wood surface in three various coating thicknesses. The coating thicknesses differed in number of coatings of the coating material. The surface finishes were evaluated according to the impact resistance and the resistance to abrasion. The polyurethane surface finish showed the lowest resistance to abrasion. If the film thickness was increasing, the resistance to abrasion was decreasing. The greatest differences in the resistance to abrasion, depending on the wood surface treatment, were found on the wax surface finish. In general, the waterborne surface finish showed the best resistance to abrasion. Pressing the wood surface before finishing increased the impact resistance of all three surface finishes. The damage of the surfaces was only of grade 2 (No cracks on the surface and the intrusion was only slightly visible). The lowest impact resistance of the surface finishes was found on grinded wood surface; the damage was graded as 4 (Visible large cracks at the intrusion). At the drop height of 400 mm, the effect of the film thickness on the impact resistance was no longer present on all differently mechanically treated surfaces.


Fractals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850081 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽  
TIRDAD SEIFI ALA ◽  
VLADIMIR KULISH

Analysis of human movements is an important category of research in biomedical engineering, especially for the rehabilitation purpose. The movement of limbs is investigated usually by analyzing the movement signals. Less efforts have been made to investigate how neural that correlate to the movements, are represented in the human brain. In this research, for the first time we decode the limb movements by fractal analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. We investigated how the complexity of EEG signal changes in different limb movements in motor execution (ME), and motor imagination (MI) sessions. The result of our analysis showed that the EEG signal experiences greatest level of complexity in elbow flexion and hand-close movements in ME, and MI sessions respectively. On the other hand, the lowest level of complexity of EEG signal belongs to hand-open and rest condition in ME, and MI sessions, respectively. Employing fractal theory in analysis of bio signals is not limited to EEG signal, and can be further investigated in other types of human’s bio signals in different conditions. The result of these investigations can vastly been employed for the rehabilitation purpose.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document