Performance of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Various Host Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Semtner ◽  
William M. Tilson ◽  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Myzus Nicotianae ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

The tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, is a major pest of tobacco in the United States. It was separated from the green peach aphid, M. persicae (Sulzer), and described as a new species in 1987. Information on its host range is limited because the two species are so similar. Therefore, the performance of the tobacco aphid was studied on 28 potential host plants in six families. Numbers of offspring, age at first reproduction, longevity, weight, and percentage reproducing were compared. Tests were conducted on excised leaves or leaf disks maintained in Petri dishes in an environmentally-controlled chamber. Myzus nicotianae reproduced on hosts in the families Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae, but not on Spinacia in Chenopodiaceae. Myzus nicotianae generally reproduced most quickly, was heaviest, and produced the most nymphs on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., and American black nightshade, Solanum americanum (Solanaceae). Performance also was good on Capsicum and S. dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Aphids exhibited fair-to-good performance on three species of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae), Datura, and Physalis (Solanaceae); Raphanus and two species of Brassica (Cruciferae); and Abelmmoschus (Malvaceae). Performance was fair on two species of Ipomoea, three species of Solanum, Lactuca (Asteraceae), and several Brassica. Longevity was short, and very few offspring were produced on Gossypium (Malvaceae) and Lycopersicon (Solanaceae). This study indicates that M. nicotianae does well on several species in five plant families that contain important crop and weed species.

scholarly journals Host plants of root-knot nematodes

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (0) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Luiz Gonzaga E. Lordello ◽  
Luiz Carlos Fazuoli ◽  
Condorcet Aranha ◽  
Rubens R.A. Lordello
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Solanum Americanum

Root-knot nematodes were found attacking Coffea spp. and also roots of a few weed species usually found in the coffee orchards in São Paulo. C. arabica cv. Catuaí, C. arabica cv. Mundo Novo, Timor Hybrid and a few plants of C. racemosa showed to be susceptible to Meloidogyne exigua. Roots of Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus viridis, Bidens pilosa, Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo, Coffea racemosa, Commelina virginica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Galinsoga parviflora, Gnaphalium spathulatum, Porophyllum ruderale, Portulaca oleracea, Pterocaulon virgatum and Solanum americanum were disfigured by M. incognita M. arenaria was found attacking roots of Eleusine indica and Gnaphalium spathulatum, and the presence of an unidentified Meloidogyne species was verified in roots of the following species: Vernonia ferruginea, C. arabica x C. canephora, Eupatorium pauciflorum, Coffea canephora cv. Kouillou, Coffea eugenioides, Coffea racemosa, Coffea stenophylla, Euphorbia pilullifera, Solanum americanum, Ageratum conyzoides, Phyllanthus corcovadensis, and Emilia sagittata.

Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo H. Poromarto ◽  
Greta G. Gramig ◽  
Berlin D. Nelson ◽  
Shalu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Plant Families

Weeds can be alternate hosts of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major pathogen of soybean in the United States. Weed species from the northern soybean production area of North Dakota-northern Minnesota have not been evaluated for host suitability. Fifty-one weed species with multiple collections from different locations, representing 13 families were evaluated as hosts of SCN. Weeds were inoculated with SCN HG type 0 and a female index (FI) was calculated by comparing reproduction to that on Barnes, a susceptible soybean cultivar. Thirty-three weed species had not previously been tested. For 20 weed species, no reproduction on roots was observed on any collection. For 31 weed species, SCN females developed on roots of one or more collection, but only two weeds, henbit and field pennycress, allowed substantial reproduction with average FI's of 30.5 to 38, respectively; the other 29 species had average FI's of less than 10 and thus were defined as poor hosts. Twenty-six of the weed species from 11 plant families were newly identified hosts of SCN. Collections of species varied in host suitability. Although most weeds were non-hosts or poor hosts, the number of weeds that supported limited SCN reproduction indicates that weed hosts could influence SCN survival and reproduction in the upper Great Plains. Few weed species, however, are major hosts of SCN in this region. Accepted 10 December 2014. Published 28 January 2015.

Incidence of Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière and Hennebert) Humber (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in the Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Complex (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Three Species of Brassica in the Fall and Winter

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara ◽  
Paul J. Semtner
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pandora Neoaphidis ◽  
Aphid Pathogen ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

The incidence of the aphid pathogen, Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière & Hennebert) Humber, was monitored in populations of the Myzus persicae (Sulzer) complex (green peach aphid, M. persicae, and the tobacco aphid, M. nicotianae Blackman) on fall-planted cabbage, spinach-mustard, and turnip from 1993 to 1996. Each fall, the pathogen occurred at moderate levels in M. persicae complex on all three hosts. Average level of mycoses on the three host plants ranged from 10.0 to 14.3% in 1993, from 5.9 to 10.1% in 1994, and from 7.9 to 17.4% in 1995. Each year, the highest incidence of the pathogen in aphids on turnip and spinach-mustard was 20 to 25%, while the incidence on cabbage was 12 to 19%. In 1995 and over the 3 yrs combined, the levels of mycoses were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in aphids on turnip and spinach-mustard than on cabbage. Trends were similar in 1993 and 1994, but differences were not significant. Very low numbers of healthy aphids (<2 per 5 plants in 1994 to 5 aphids per 5 plants in late April 1996) and those infected with or killed by P. neoaphidis occurred on turnip, cabbage, and spinach-mustard from Jan to May. The M. persicae complex was significantly more abundant on cabbage than it was on spinach-mustard or turnip. The pathogen overwinters at very low levels in cadavers of M. persicae complex on Brassica.

scholarly journals Seed shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 1: broadleaf species

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro ◽  
Lovreet S. Shergill ◽  
Jeffrey A. Evans ◽  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Shawn C. Beam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Crop Maturity

Abstract Potential effectiveness of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems depends upon seed shatter of the target weed species at crop maturity, enabling its collection and processing at crop harvest. However, seed retention likely is influenced by agroecological and environmental factors. In 2016 and 2017, we assessed seed shatter phenology in thirteen economically important broadleaf weed species in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from crop physiological maturity to four weeks after physiological maturity at multiple sites spread across fourteen states in the southern, northern, and mid-Atlantic U.S. Greater proportions of seeds were retained by weeds in southern latitudes and shatter rate increased at northern latitudes. Amaranthus species seed shatter was low (0 to 2%), whereas shatter varied widely in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) (2 to 90%) over the weeks following soybean physiological maturity. Overall, the broadleaf species studied shattered less than ten percent of their seeds by soybean harvest. Our results suggest that some of the broadleaf species with greater seed retention rates in the weeks following soybean physiological maturity may be good candidates for HWSC.

Are Non-Target Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Exposed to Dinotefuran From Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Trap Trees?

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2993-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Underwood ◽  
Brian Breeman ◽  
Joseph Benton ◽  
Jason Bielski ◽  
Julie Palkendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Worker Bee

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an introduced plant hopper that causes significant damage to host plants in the United States. Because of its affinity for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, control efforts have focused on the use of the systemic insecticide, dinotefuran, in designated trap trees. There is concern about exposure to this pesticide by non-target species, especially honey bees, Apis mellifera, via lanternfly honeydew. Therefore, honey bee colonies were established in areas of high densities of trap trees and samples of honey, bees, and beeswax were collected in May, July, and October of 2017 for analysis. Samples were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the presence and quantity of dinotefuran. Additionally, honeydew from lanternflies was analyzed for dinotefuran and informal observations of trap tree visitors were made. None of the worker bee, wax, or honey samples indicated detectable levels of dinotefuran; however, honeydew samples collected did contain dinotefuran above the detection limit with amounts ranging from 3 to 100 ng per sample. The lack of dinotefuran in honey bee products matches the general absence of honey bees at trap trees in informal observations.

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

scholarly journals Onorchard habitats for Nysius huttoni an important kiwifruit passenger pest

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 326-326
Author(s):  
C.A. Rowe ◽  
M.G. Hill ◽  
D.P. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Quarantine Pest ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence

Nysius huttoni is a native species of wheat bug which is an occasional quarantine pest on export kiwifruit Wheat bug has a wide range of host plants including wheat and brassica crops as well as many weed species The kiwifruit harvest of 2013 had a high incidence of wheat bug finds on fruit in packhouses In response an orchard survey was undertaken to identify orchard habitats used by wheat bug Twentyfive orchards where wheat bug was found during packing in 2013 were surveyed from the Te Puke area from February to March At each orchard four habitats were searched (1) ground vegetation under the kiwifruit canopy (2) the loadout zone (3) edge of the loadout zone and (4) grassland surrounding the was found in and around the loadout zone associated with weed species notably Polygonum aviculare the dominant weed species in loadout zones No wheat bug was found under the kiwifruit canopy and the remaining 4 were found in grassland This preliminary survey suggests that the risk of wheat bug infestation can be reduced considerably by keeping loadout zones free of weeds during spring and summer

scholarly journals Pseudasphondylia tominagai, a new gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing flower bud galls on Eleutherococcus spinosus (Araliaceae) in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
A New Species

The genus Pseudasphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini: Asphondyliina) comprises ten Palearctic, Oriental and Australian species associated with various hosts belonging to at least ten plant families. A new species, Pseudasphondyliatominagai Elsayed & Tokuda n. sp., that induces flower bud galls on Eleutherococcusspinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu (Araliaceae) is described. This species is considered to alternate between host plants seasonally. A key to males of known Pseudasphondylia species is provided.

Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
The Family ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
General Appearance

This chapter studies Coleopteran pests. The larvae of turfgrass-infesting species of the family Scarabaeidae constitute a large complex whose members (white grubs) are similar in general appearance, in habits, and in the turfgrass damage they cause. At least 10 species of scarabs, belonging to five subfamilies, are pests of turfgrass in the United States. The larvae of this family are known also as grubs, a term applied to the larvae of several Coleoptera (beetles) and Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) in general. Grubs of the Scarabaeidae are the most serious turfgrass pests in the northeastern United States, and are considered a major pest in the Midwest, Southeast, and parts of the southwestern United States. Their subterranean habits make them among the most difficult of turfgrass insects to manage.

scholarly journals Thermal Tolerance and Prediction of Northern Distribution of the Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinan Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Rodrigo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract Physiological limits of non-native species to environmental factors are critical for their establishment and spread in the adventive range. The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), is a major pest of crapemyrtles. Despite concerns on its rapid spread, there is a lack of information on potential distribution range of this scale in the United States. To understand this scale’s distribution potential, its thermal tolerance was evaluated using higher and lower thermal limits. Exposure time leading to 50 and 90% mortality (Lt50 and Lt90) at extreme low or high temperatures were measured under controlled conditions. A model was then built to fit temperature data of cold fronts from 2001 to 2016 and to calculate potential mortalities along latitudes. Isothermal lines delineated at 90% mortality were defined as the northern limits. Modeling results suggested that A. lagerstroemiae nymphs collected in summer could tolerate heat; however, they were more susceptible to cold temperatures. Laboratory assays suggested that cold tolerance of A. lagerstroemiae nymphs varied from summer to winter. For example, SCP of nymphs collected in summer was higher than those collected in fall (−21 vs. −27°C), and the exposure time leading to Lt90 at 0°C was also different, which were 8 versus 50 h comparing nymphs collected in summer versus fall. Our prediction suggested that A. lagerstroemiae is likely to be limited by cold temperatures along the 43° N latitude. Based on these results, integrated management strategies can be developed for A. lagerstroemiae within the predicted range.

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