EDUCATIONAL TOURISM AND EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION: ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND DISTINCTIONS

The mobility of human resources, which arises under the influence of various reasons, is characteristic of any stage of human development, which in modern conditions under the influence of globalization acquires special proportions. Among the traditional reasons for such spatial movements is not only the search for better living conditions and earnings, but also the desire for new experiences and knowledge. Thus, one of the main forms of mobility is tourism and migration. The growing role of education as one of the main goals of sustainable development ensures its development in the international space, which is associated with such phenomena as educational tourism and educational migration. Despite the existing developments in this topic, their economic essence and differentiation is not fully understood, which determines the relevance of this study and its main purpose. As a result, on the basis of semantic analysis, the essence of tourism and migration as basic categories was studied first, then moving on to educational migration and educational tourism. The theoretical analysis of the economic essence revealed that both terms imply the spatial movement of human resources in order to obtain educational services, which are forms of a broader concept of "academic mobility". In order to distinguish them, the following features are identified: conditional duration, planning, condition of return to the country of residence, condition of employment in the country of travel, obtaining a supporting document of training, voluntary nature, legal status and right to residence. The main difference is identified by the conditional duration, which is short-term for educational tourism and long-term for educational migration. In other respects, they are similar with minor modifications: for example, the condition of employment in the country of travel is fulfilled for educational migration only in the form of part-time study, or the condition of obtaining a certificate confirming training varies for tourism depending on the form of educational service (formal or informal). , which may or may not have a certain diploma, certificate); the legal status of a person is manifested as an emigrant and a tourist with different documentation and the right to reside. The obtained developments are important for further study of this issue and terminological and normative delimitation of educational tourism and educational migration for the proper organization of public policy in these areas.

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The «invisible enemy» and the usual suspects. How Covid-19 re-framed migration in Italian media representations

SOCIOLOGIA DELLA COMUNICAZIONE ◽

10.3280/sc2020-060011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 119-136

Author(s):

Elena Giacomelli ◽

Pierluigi Musarò ◽

Paola Parmiggiani

Keyword(s):

Informal Economy ◽

Media Representations ◽

Control Measures ◽

Security Measures ◽

Migration Narratives ◽

Public Debates ◽

Fortress Europe ◽

And Migration ◽

The Right

The last decade has been characterized by an intense inflow of people into borders of what has been called the "Fortress Europe". Italian governments, from Gentiloni-Minniti to Conte-Salvini, have implemented restrictive border management and migration control measures, fueled also by an over mediatization of the issue in and by public discourses. However, from February 2020 public debates and narratives have been dominated by the Covid-19 pandemic, a health emergency often described as a war against an invisible enemy. Through a qualitative analysis of Italian media representations, this paper analyses how Covid-19 overshadowed and reframed migration narratives and discourses. Moving within the concept of (in)visibility, this paper explores the two macrodiscourses around migration during the lockdown: on one side, the link between migration and illness (fear of infection) that led to strict border security measures; on the other, the utilitaristic x\regularization of migrants working in informal economy. The conclusion reflects on long-term implications of the pandemic on mobility justice (Sheller 2018) and what Mbembe (2020) has defined the "right to breath".

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Center-peripheral processes in Ukraine

Науково-теоретичний альманах Грані ◽

10.15421/171930 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

O. С. Ковтун

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Internal Migration ◽

Military Conflict ◽

Conflict Zone ◽

Territorial Structure ◽

Educational Migration ◽

Negative Balance ◽

And Migration ◽

Intellectual Potential ◽

The Military

This article presents the tendencies of the social development in Ukraine as a socio-territorial system. The demographic trends and tendencies of internal migration in Ukraine are considered from the perspective of the center-peripheral approach. The concept of the peripherization in Ukraine as well as the centralization of human resources is disclosed. As a result of the analysis of these outstanding trends, it was established that the center acts as an exploiter of regional human resources that at the same time creates additional risks of the regional development. The authors determine basic social mechanisms of regions peripherization. These include mainly the demographic degradation of the regions, what is reflected in the population reduction as a consequence of the negative natural population growth and migration which is concentrated around the center (Kyiv) and the semiperiphery (industrial regions). It is revealed that the internal migration movement manifests itself in two main forms: educational migration and labor migration. The educational migration in Ukraine is aimed at a small number of university centers, where the largest is the city of Kyiv. Therefore, despite the negative balance of the educational migration rates in most oblasts, Kyiv accumulates the largest amount of university entrants. It was also established that educational migration has not only quantitative but also a qualitative dimension. This is how the center primarily concentrates the most successful students. All listed causes a significant imbalance in the distribution of the intellectual potential of the country in favor for the center and increases its competitiveness regarding to the regions. The maintenance and the reproduction of this situation is also supported by the system of the scholarships distribution in Ukrainian Institutions of Higher Education. The similar migration trends are also observed in the labor sphere, what creates additional risks for the economic development of the regions. The tendencies for concentration of the national labor and intellectual potential in the center are denoted by the human resources centralization concept where this type of resources becomes the main interest, exploited by the center. As a consequence, we get the transformation of regions into the internal periphery of Ukraine. This process occurs unequally, depending on the basic competitive position of the region and its integration into the general socio-territorial structure. This is especially relevant for areas that are in or close to the military conflict zone. According to the main results of the research, there were outlined the following vectors for scientific elaboration: designing the criteria to escribe territories to the zones of the semi-periphery and periphery; further in-depth studying of peripherization mechanisms; defining ways to overcome the imbalances in the development of Ukraine as a socio-territorial integrity.

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All You Need Is Time? Discrepancies between the European Court of Human Rights Case Law and Liberal Normative Theory on Long-Term Migrants

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223717000152 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 447-497

Author(s):

Başak Çalı

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Legal Status ◽

Case Law ◽

Normative Theory ◽

Test Case ◽

European Court ◽

The Veil ◽

The Right ◽

Normative Value

This article, departing from Gila Stopler's ‘Rights in Immigration: The Veil as a Test Case’, published in theIsraeli Law Reviewin 2010, reviews how the time spent by a long-term migrant, irrespective of legal status, normatively figures in liberal theories of migration and in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The article detects that in contemporary liberal theories, assigning an independent normative value to time spent by the migrant in the receiving country is a key move in balancing the competing interests of migrants and of the migrant-receiving country, where the right of the country to regulate migration is taken as given: the longer a migrant is present in a country, the stronger her interests become in receiving citizenship status or treatment akin to citizens. The article then surveys the case law of the ECtHR relating to long-term migrants. It finds that time is often one of multiple normative considerations in the balancing exercise, in conjunction with whether a migrant has achieved social integration in the migrant-receiving country and whether the right of the receiving community to regulate migration for reasons of affording citizenship, national security or distributive justice is paramount. The article argues that the lack of an independent normative weight afforded to time in the case law of the ECtHR is not merely a tension between the translation of liberal normative theory to legal policy. It also shows a deeper tension in liberal theories of migration between national liberalism and cosmopolitan liberalism.

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND LABOR MIGRATION

"EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity" ◽

10.37128/2411-4413-2020-2-33 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-52

Author(s):

Elena GOLOVNYA

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Large Scale ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Tourism ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

Active Population ◽

International Tourist ◽

Educational Migration ◽

The Right

The article considers modern forms of the international movement of human resources: international tourism and labor migration. The research methods used in the process of writing the article involved the application of general scientific and empirical techniques of economics, based on a systematic approach. It is determined that international tourism is a form of international movement of human resources, has a mass character and is one of the leading highly profitable and most dynamic sectors of the world economy. The main tourist tendencies in the international tourist market by traditional geographical macroregions are investigated. The most attractive tourist destinations to visit according to the results of the popular international tourist portal Lonely Planet are analyzed. Ukraine is an active participant in the international tourism industry. In 2018, the largest number of citizens from Ukraine left for Poland and amounted to almost 10 million people. The author draws attention to one of the socio-economic problems for national security: large-scale labor and educational migration of Ukrainians to foreign countries, which sometimes becomes permanent (ie leads to a change of country of residence). The acquisition of the right to free movement by Ukrainian citizens coincided with profound structural socio-economic and political transformations, accompanied by rising unemployment. It is studied that the introduction of visa-free regime between Ukraine and the EU and increasing the dynamics of labor migration processes form a tendency to reduce labor supply in the market in Ukraine, deteriorating professional qualifications of the economically active population at the most productive age. It was found that the transformation of market relations non-market forms of management destroys the old forms of management, freeing a large labor force, which is not used in low-capacity industrial centers of Ukraine and forced to look for work in the international labor market. Meeting the specific needs of migrants has a multiplier effect on the economy by spending money on telephone conversations with family, visiting the homeland, sending remittances.

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Total femur replacement for Ewing’s sarcoma after wide resection of the proximal femur: a long-term follow-up case study

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.5372/1905-7415.0501.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

Yukihiro Yoshida ◽

Shunzo Osaka ◽

Yasuaki Tokuhashi

Keyword(s):

Ewing’S Sarcoma ◽

Ewing's Sarcoma ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Wide Resection ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

And Migration ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: Total femur replacement is a relatively rarely performed procedure for the reconstruction of an affected limb after resection of a malignant bone tumor. Objective: Report total femur replacement in a 17-year-old male patient after wide resection of the right femur for involvement of the proximal segment of the bone by Ewing’s sarcoma. Results: The complications that often arose from the use of the tumor prostheses after the tumor resection, e.g., infection and migration/dislocation of the artificial bonehead, were overcome successfully. The patient has been under follow-up for a relatively long period of time (16 years) since the surgery. The operated limb function is now rated at 70% according to the rating system by Musculo-Skeletal Tumor Society (MSTS). The patient has almost completely regained his ability to walk and carries on with activities of daily living. Conclusion: If appropriate measures are taken to deal with the complications, favorable function of the operated limb can be expected to be maintained for long periods after reconstruction using this technique.

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