scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND LABOR MIGRATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Elena GOLOVNYA
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Active Population ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
The Right

The article considers modern forms of the international movement of human resources: international tourism and labor migration. The research methods used in the process of writing the article involved the application of general scientific and empirical techniques of economics, based on a systematic approach. It is determined that international tourism is a form of international movement of human resources, has a mass character and is one of the leading highly profitable and most dynamic sectors of the world economy. The main tourist tendencies in the international tourist market by traditional geographical macroregions are investigated. The most attractive tourist destinations to visit according to the results of the popular international tourist portal Lonely Planet are analyzed. Ukraine is an active participant in the international tourism industry. In 2018, the largest number of citizens from Ukraine left for Poland and amounted to almost 10 million people. The author draws attention to one of the socio-economic problems for national security: large-scale labor and educational migration of Ukrainians to foreign countries, which sometimes becomes permanent (ie leads to a change of country of residence). The acquisition of the right to free movement by Ukrainian citizens coincided with profound structural socio-economic and political transformations, accompanied by rising unemployment. It is studied that the introduction of visa-free regime between Ukraine and the EU and increasing the dynamics of labor migration processes form a tendency to reduce labor supply in the market in Ukraine, deteriorating professional qualifications of the economically active population at the most productive age. It was found that the transformation of market relations non-market forms of management destroys the old forms of management, freeing a large labor force, which is not used in low-capacity industrial centers of Ukraine and forced to look for work in the international labor market. Meeting the specific needs of migrants has a multiplier effect on the economy by spending money on telephone conversations with family, visiting the homeland, sending remittances.

scholarly journals Global Development of International Tourism and Impact on the Economy of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Olena Moskvichova ◽  
Iryna Hryhoruk ◽  
Yuliia Marchenko ◽  
Yuliia Veretilnyk
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Tourist Flow

The article highlights the geopolitical aspects of the international tourism development in Ukraine as a global phenomenon that carries out economic, social and international and political action. In today's world, tourism has become a powerful industry, a huge complex in which the economic and social spheres are connected. The importance of tourism in international economic activity is constantly growing, and the market itself is acquiring new trends and features, affecting trade, transport and communications, agriculture and construction. The processes of globalization in the tourism market are characterized by changes in technology, modernization of transport infrastructure, internationalization of business activity and the creation of a regulatory mechanism. The potential of world tourist flows as factors of geopolitical influence is revealed, the structure of which reflects and influences the tendencies of international interaction. The main geopolitical factors influencing the dynamics and spatial organization of international tourist flows are structured. The world market of tourist services has a clear segmentation character. The main criteria for segmentation are motivational, age and regional ones. The general tendencies of development of the international tourism, a role and a place of Ukraine in the international tourist market are characterized. It is predicted that China will become the most popular tourist country in the near future. It is determined that due to the growth of intercontinental ties, which is based on the rapid development of vehicles and, above all, jet aircraft, as well as the desire of a significant number of people to visit the most remote and exotic corners of the Earth, tourism exchange between regions will develop more intensively than within regions. However, there is a growing tendency to increase the exchange of tourists between neighboring countries under conditions of normal relations between them and between countries with related languages. The main world events that have affected tourist flows in recent years are listed: Brexit, COVID-19, military actions in Eastern Ukraine and others. The analysis of international tourist flows in Ukraine was done, in particular their dynamics and spatial structure during 2010-2019 in the context of military-political aggression by Russia and the aggravation of Ukrainian-Russian interstate relations. It is established that the current dynamics of the international tourist flow in Ukraine is characterized by a sharp decrease in international visitors, slowing down the development of tourism and reformatting the spatial structure of the incoming and outgoing tourist flow. It is also noted that among the main factors hindering the development of the Ukrainian tourism industry are the unsatisfactory state of development of infrastructure and logistics of tourism, high prices, environmental and criminal risks, low innovation activity of tourism enterprises. It is concluded that international tourism is not only a passive participant in international relations, but also an active political actor who is able to act as a channel for establishing international trust and cooperation, a factor in maintaining political stability.

scholarly journals Economic impacts of innovations in tourism marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Elena Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Right

Our paper tackles the novel issues of the economic impacts and innovations in tourism marketing in the 21st century. The paper examines the economic impact of tourism and its influence on the economy and the tourism industry in general from the angle of innovations in the tourism marketing and the new challenges for the tourism industry brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic that disrupted international tourism and caused major economic losses to the industry. We analyse the changes that the coronavirus pandemic made to the tourism industry and focus on the novel trends in tourism marketing that embeds the new informational technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), online Zoom tours, and other novelties that emerged after the lockdowns and social distancing imposed in the first half of 2020 in order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus infection. Our results show that tourism marketing in the 21st century should be based on sustainable management and provide the right answers to questions about the impacts of tourism on the economy without sacrificing positive economic growth. We also show that information technologies might offer viable alternatives to massive international over-tourism and package tours ensuring both the safety of travel and deeper immersion into the travel experience before, during, and after the trip. Our outcomes might be useful for tourism scholars, policymakers, as well as stakeholders specializing in international tourism marketing.

scholarly journals PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING INTERNATIONAL TOURISM ON MATERIALS OF FOREIGN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN GERMANY

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Vasyl Stetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Aim: To bring attention to and highlight the significant role of foreign-language training for students in the areas of geography and tourism training. I would also like to demonstrate the positive side of the "Studienreise in Duetschland" training program of the German Academic Student Exchange Service, including the development of practical skills in international tourism. Method: The study is to analyze and systematize information on the development of international tourism in Germany derived directly from residents of the country's tourism business. The subject of research is the applied aspects of international tourism in Germany as well as the experience of organizing and operating the international tourism. Result: The article deals with the applied principles of training students and specialists in the tourism industry in Germany and analysis of the causal aspects of the development and functioning of international tourism in keeping with modern information technologies and mobility of population. The acquired knowledge and practical experience of tourists studies in the future, can be applied in the international segment of tourist services as well. Scientific news: A number of tourists and methodologists in general, considered and proposed methodological guidelines and recommendations for the conduct of educational practices at the international level. Definitely the world tourist market has a powerful resource potential and has invaluable experience in organizing and providing services based on the use of numerical data for students in leading tourist centers of Germany as well as meetings with scientists and specialists The author of the study highlights and analyzes the main organizational and teaching-methods and types that will work during international tourist training programs. Practical significance: The issue of international tourist training practices has not been adequately addressed in literature. Materials of the proposed study, the specifics of this type of tourism was paid little attention. The study provides a better understanding of the beginnings of leisure tourism. Key words: international tourism, practical aspects of international tourism development, international educational practice, German hospitality.

scholarly journals Modelling International Tourist Arrivals Volatility in Zimbabwe Using a GARCH Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 639-653
Author(s):  
Tendai Makoni ◽  
Delson Chikobvu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Garch Models ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Garch Process

The aim of the paper was to develop bootstrap prediction intervals for international tourism demand and volatility in Zimbabwe after modelling with an ARMA-GARCH process. ARMA-GARCH models have better forecasting power and are capable of capturing and quantifying volatility. Bootstrap prediction intervals can account for future uncertainty that arises through parameter estimation. The monthly international tourism data obtained from the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA) (January 2000 to June 2017) is neither seasonal nor stationary and is made stationery by taking a logarithm transformation. An ARMA(1,1) model fits well to the data; with forecasts indicating a slow increase in international tourist arrivals (outside of the Covid-19 period). The GARCH(1,1) process indicated that unexpected tourism shocks will significantly impact the Zimbabwe international tourist arrivals for longer durations. Volatility bootstrap prediction intervals indicated minimal future uncertainty in international tourist arrivals. For the Zimbabwe tourism industry to remain relevant, new tourism products and attraction centres need to be developed, as well as embarking on effective marketing strategies to lure even more tourists from abroad. This will go a long way in increasing the much-needed foreign currency earnings needed to revive the Zimbabwean economy.

Impacts of Terrorist Events on Tourism Development: Evidence from Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802098690
Author(s):  
Yingying Sun ◽  
Mingzhi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Terrorist Events ◽  
Tourism Revenue

To examine terrorism impacts on international tourism industry in Asia, we collected data from 46 countries from 1995 to 2016, with a total of 1,012 samples. Our results showed that terrorism had a more consistent negative impact on international tourism revenue (ITR) than on international tourist arrivals. While the frequency of terrorism had a significant positive impact on ITR, when controlling for terrorist events which did not cause fatalities, such positive impact changed to negative. A further finding was that the Asian tourism market greatly developed following the 911 event, even though ITR decreased in Muslim countries with high risk of terrorist attacks. The current study makes a contribution to the understanding of terrorism features which may prove useful to strengthening antiterrorism policy in the tourism sector.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL TOURISM AND EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION: ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND DISTINCTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Petrushenko ◽  
A. Vorontsova ◽  
I. Yarova ◽  
O. Bilotserkivska
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Planning Condition ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right

The mobility of human resources, which arises under the influence of various reasons, is characteristic of any stage of human development, which in modern conditions under the influence of globalization acquires special proportions. Among the traditional reasons for such spatial movements is not only the search for better living conditions and earnings, but also the desire for new experiences and knowledge. Thus, one of the main forms of mobility is tourism and migration. The growing role of education as one of the main goals of sustainable development ensures its development in the international space, which is associated with such phenomena as educational tourism and educational migration. Despite the existing developments in this topic, their economic essence and differentiation is not fully understood, which determines the relevance of this study and its main purpose. As a result, on the basis of semantic analysis, the essence of tourism and migration as basic categories was studied first, then moving on to educational migration and educational tourism. The theoretical analysis of the economic essence revealed that both terms imply the spatial movement of human resources in order to obtain educational services, which are forms of a broader concept of "academic mobility". In order to distinguish them, the following features are identified: conditional duration, planning, condition of return to the country of residence, condition of employment in the country of travel, obtaining a supporting document of training, voluntary nature, legal status and right to residence. The main difference is identified by the conditional duration, which is short-term for educational tourism and long-term for educational migration. In other respects, they are similar with minor modifications: for example, the condition of employment in the country of travel is fulfilled for educational migration only in the form of part-time study, or the condition of obtaining a certificate confirming training varies for tourism depending on the form of educational service (formal or informal). , which may or may not have a certain diploma, certificate); the legal status of a person is manifested as an emigrant and a tourist with different documentation and the right to reside. The obtained developments are important for further study of this issue and terminological and normative delimitation of educational tourism and educational migration for the proper organization of public policy in these areas.

CSR in the Tourism Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Tourism Organization

CSR in the tourism industry aims to bring to the fore social responsibility initiatives. The decline in the first 10 months of the year 2020 represents 900 million fewer international tourist arrivals compared to the same period of the year 2019, and translates into a loss of US$ 935 billion in export revenues from international tourism. According to the World Tourism Organization, international arrivals will drop by 75% in 2020. This would mean that international tourism has returned to the levels of 30 years ago. In order to restore tourism, extensive social responsibility campaigns involving stakeholders should be launched. The main stakeholders in the tourism industry carry out social responsibility campaigns that take into account employees, guests, the environment, and the local communities. Environmental protection, fair working conditions for employees, and contributing to the welfare of local communities are key issues in the strategies of international tourism corporations and will be explored in the chapter on CSR in the tourism industry.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL TOURIST MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
J. A. Pshenichnyh
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
New Type ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Stage

Until recently, the tourism sector accounted for a significant share of the world's gross domestic product and provided about 10 % of world employment. In 2020, the global tourism industry faced a serious challenge – a crisis caused by the spread of a new type of virus (COVID-19 pandemic). International tourism has become one of the most affected by COVID-19 pandemic industries. The demand for tourism and hospitality services, which were one of the world's largest sources of foreign exchange earnings and employment in the era of pre-COVID-19, has significantly decreased. Although the future of tourism in an era of COVID-19 pandemic is very uncertain, a study of trends in the international tourism market in a crisis can be used to assess how the industry can recover and survive in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the statistical data of international organizations, the author studied indicators of international tourist flows, identified the main trends in the development of international tourism at the current stage, assessed the impact on the tourism sector of the COVID-19 pandemic and determined possibilities for its development in the context of the economic crisis, showed prospects for the development of the industry.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF STRENGTHENING OF COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF TOURIST SERVICES

10.23856/3005 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Izmaylov ◽  
Natalia Sheludiakova ◽  
Oksana Buravtsova
Keyword(s):  
International Competitiveness ◽  
International Market ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Strategic Measures ◽  
Tourism Activity

The article reveals the problems and potential of development of international tourism activity in Ukraine. The position of the country in the international tourist services market is assessed and directions of increasing the international competitiveness of its tourism industry are offered.  The indicators of international tourism activity of Ukraine are analyzed. The possibility of improving the tourist brand of Ukraine in the international tourist environment has been proved.  Strategic measures for promotion of the country's tourism brand in the international tourist services market are determined. Recommendations on expansion of innovation activity of Ukrainian companies and introduction of promising types of tourist services for domestic and foreign consumers of tourist product are given.

scholarly journals “Routes of Friendship”: Organization of International Tourism in Countries of Socialist Camp in 1950-1980s

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-425
Author(s):  
A. D. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Mutual Economic Assistance ◽  
Organizational Features

The institutional foundations, organizational features, the main trends and problems of cooperation between European member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in the field of international tourism in the second half of the 1950s — 1980s are described in the article. Specific examples show the formula for building bilateral cooperation in this area, as well as organizational principles and main directions of work of special annual meetings of tourist operators and government agencies in the field of tourism. Particular attention is paid to the description of the mechanisms of mutual settlements between socialist countries for the rendered mutual tourist services, including in a non-currency form. Based on the analysis  of publications of the Soviet period and archival sources, the author concluded that syncretism of economic, economic and ideological approaches was characteristic of large-scale international tourist exchange between European socialist countries, and the Soviet Union played not so much the role of a “big brother” with a decisive vote as an ideological “mentor”. It is emphasized that, despite the declaration of the systemic advantages of “socialist tourism”, in general, it was characterized by numerous organizational difficulties.

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