scholarly journals The Impact of Regulations on Small Firm Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Halil D. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
The Impact

Regulations are shown to have a significant impact on entrepreneurial activity, especially on startups by smaller firms. Higher compliance costs are shown to deter small firms entering a new industry. In this study, using state-level regulation data in the U.S., we examine whether different types of regulations (including “health and safety regulations”, “employment regulations”, “tax code”, “licensing regulations”, “environmental regulations”, and “zoning regulations”) in each state deter smaller firms to do business in that state. We also examine whether each type of regulation deters firms to do business in certain industries or to operate in more or fewer states. Besides size, operational area, and industry, we also examine whether each type of regulation deters younger firms to do business in each state. Our results show that “health and safety regulations”, “employment regulations”, “tax code”, “licensing regulations”, and “environmental regulations” in a state affect firm size and industry, but do not affect operational area and firm age. In the states with high scores in these areas, there are fewer single-employee firms but more 2-20 employee firms when compared to the other states. Also, in the states with a high score in “environmental regulations”, we find fewer firms with 51 to 100 employees when compared to the other states. On the other hand, “zoning regulations” affect firm age and industry, but not operational area and firm size. In the states with high scores in “zoning regulations”, we find fewer firms that are established less than a year ago. Finally, in the states with high scores in regulations, generally, we find that more firms are in the “Business” industry and fewer firms are in the “Writing” industry. Overall, we show how each type of regulation deter certain types of firms operating in each state. This is important because if a state wants to attract certain types of firms (i.e., younger, or older firms, larger or smaller firms, or firms in certain industries), the officials in that state need to improve the corresponding regulations first.

Entrepreneurial marketing behaviours: impact of firm age, firm size and firm’s founder

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitsamorn Kilenthong ◽  
Claes M. Hultman ◽  
Gerald E. Hills
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Large Survey ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether a systematic relationship exists between firms’ level of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behaviours and firms’ characteristics, including firm age, firm size and firm’s founder. Design/methodology/approach This paper quantitatively investigates EM behaviours from data collected from 752 business owners through structured interviews. The data analysis applied was multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (multi-group CFA). Findings Results from the analysis show that not all of the firms’ characteristics determine firms’ level of EM practice. The level of EM behaviours has a systematic relationship with firms’ age but not with the founding status of the firms’ manager. The impact of firm size on the level of EM behaviours is evident only when the firms’ age is taken into account. Research limitations/implications This paper concludes that relationships between EM behaviours and firm characteristics are more complicated than anticipated. Firms’ characteristics alone may not be a good measure for identifying the level of a firm’s EM. EM cannot be conceptualized solely in relation to the activities of small firms, young firms or founder-operated firms. Originality/value This paper examines EM behaviours in a large survey and uses multi-group CFA to examine firms’ EM practice through latent variables, instead of observed variables. The findings should complement knowledge regarding the EM concept generated from existing literature.

How does corporate learning orientation enhance industrial brand equity? The roles of firm capabilities and size

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xie ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Learning Orientation ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Marketing Capabilities ◽  
Marketing Capability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Learning ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of learning orientation in building brand equity for B2B firms. The present research proposes that learning orientation contributes to the development of innovation and marketing capabilities and, in turn, leads to enhanced industrial brand equity. Furthermore, the moderating effect of firm size in these processes is investigated. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses are tested by administering a survey with a set of managers of manufacturing firms in China. Findings Innovation capability and marketing capability serve as the mediators between learning orientation and industrial brand equity. The mediating path through innovation capability is stronger for small firms than for large firms. Research limitations/implications Learning orientation provides a cultural base for B2B firms to cultivate brand equity. Measurement of industrial brand equity and contingency of its effect requires further investigation. Practical implications To transform learning-oriented culture into brand equity, firms need to develop and manage innovation and marketing capabilities. The learning orientation–innovation capability route is more beneficial for small firms. Originality/value While a majority of prior literature ignores the impact of organizational culture in driving industrial brand equity, the present research explores learning orientation as a key cultural antecedent of industrial brand equity. A more refined industrial-brand-equity-building mechanism from learning orientation to corporate capabilities and then to brand equity is proposed and tested. The mechanism varies with firm size.

scholarly journals The Determinants Of Primary Employment In U.S. States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Dincer Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Training

We examine the relationship between `primary employment` and `business friendliness` of U.S. states. Do states with a low score in `business friendliness` worry small business owners too much and hence force them to run their business as their primary job? We look at several main components of `business friendliness` including `Ease of start`, `Ease of hire`, `Overall regulations`, and `Training and networking`. We also look at subcomponents including the different types of regulations and technology use. How does each of these factors affect a business owner’s decision to focus mainly on his/her business? We use the `United States Small Business Friendliness Survey` done by Kauffman Foundation and Thumptack.com in 2013 and converted the letter scores ranging from A+ to F in the survey to numerical scores ranging from 12 to 1 (i.e. 1 being the lowest score which corresponds to F). Therefore, after the conversion, each state has a numerical score on each business-friendliness category. The survey also asks business owners if they use the internet when starting a business, when paying their taxes, or when licensing. For each state, we compute the percentage of owners in each state using the internet when starting a business, when paying their taxes, or when licensing. We call these three percentage numbers for each state their `Internetstart`, `Internettax`, and `Internetlicensing` scores. Then, using the mean score for all states for each type of regulation or internet score, we divide the states into two groups: the `high-score states` and the `low-score states`. In our analysis, we use non-parametric tests to compare the `high-score states` to the `low-score states`. Our non-parametric tests show that although none of the main components (i.e. `Ease of start`, `Ease of hire`, `Overall regulations`, and `Training and networking`) seem to affect `primary employment`, the overall business friendliness score of a state significantly affects `primary employment`. When we examine the different types of regulations, we find that `Health and safety regulations`, `Licensing regulations`, and `Zoning regulations` affect `primary employment`. `Employment regulations`, `Tax code`, or `Environmental regulations` does not have a significant impact. These findings may indicate that business owners are more worried with regard to Health and safety regulations, Licensing regulations, and Zoning regulations, therefore more of them choose to take matters into their own hands. Another possible explanation may be the relative complexity of the tasks associated with these regulations. Finally, our results show that technology use in the entrepreneurial process does not affect `Primary employment`.

scholarly journals Estrategias empresariales y propensión exportadora de la industria agroalimentaria catalana y española

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrez Ameur ◽  
José M. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Managerial Strategies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Main Factors

In an increasing globalized environment, the agrofood firms’ competitiveness becomes a strategic need for future survival. Recent changes both in agrofood markets and consumers’ habits have encouraged firms to adopt adequate managerial strategies. The objective of this paper is to determine main factors affecting the exporting behavior of the agro-food firms. Data come from the Survey on Firms Strategies (ESEE). To achieve this objective, a model has been specified and estimated taking into account the characteristics of the database. The personnel qualification, the existence of foreign capital, the existence of potential benefits in foreign market and the firm’ age are the main factors explaining the agrofood firm decision to export. On the other hand, variables denoting firm size and domestic market concentration and saturation are more important to explain export intensity.

When Caddy's Went Viral

10.28945/4750 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 001-025
Author(s):  
Samuel Barrington ◽  
Randy Esponda ◽  
Timothy E Newsome ◽  
Say Sengsouvanna ◽  
Cynthia L Steel
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Summer Vacation ◽  
White Sand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Treasure Island ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loyal Customers

With the sun losing its glare and now appearing as a beautiful orange orb just above the distant horizon where the sky meets the sea, Barry O’Connor thought to himself, “This is as close to paradise as you can get.” Yet, the vast empty sea of white sand surrounding him told a very different story. It was July 17, 2020, and this beautiful area should have been overrun with college students and young families as they enjoyed their summer vacation. Instead, the executive order that came as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic four months earlier forced him to immediately close his four bars and six Caddy’s Waterfront Dining restaurants, laying off 600 employees and dashing his dreams of another lucrative season. Barry gazed at the beautiful sunset one more time before turning his thoughts to the monumental problem that faced him. While he agreed that the health and safety of his employees and loyal customers was paramount, he couldn’t help but feel the pang that losing a few million dollars a month brings. Now, as businesses began to reopen their doors in the face of new restrictions brought about by COVID, Barry was left to figure out how to navigate the uncharted landscape of new in-house capacity restrictions, everyone’s fear of contracting the virus, and the unknown of when this pandemic would end. All the while, Barry’s bar business was in shambles due to a second government shutdown of bars, which only added pressure on the Caddy’s brand to drive revenue and keep the other half of the business afloat. A potential solution loomed on the horizon, however. This Caddy’s location in Treasure Island had an extensive beach immediately outside its doors, which could expand its footprint, allowing an additional 450-500 customers to enjoy the Caddy’s experience in the safety of an outdoor arena. However, due to local government zoning restrictions, Caddy’s was not legally allowed to treat this area as a traditional restaurant setting. But Barry had become a self-made man because he understood that the nature of business was never static. He knew that the best way forward was to disregard the inconvenience of circumstances beyond his control, and instead pour his efforts into a search for the opportunities that always accompanied such impacts. But just what opportunities did the pandemic create? How could he best leverage technology to exploit them? How would he manage the impact of the changes on his customers and employees?

IMPAK PERISIAN IM-SMARTSAFETY TERHADAP PEKERJA ASING DALAM INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Azita Salleh ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Norazah Mohd Nordin ◽  
Abdul Khalim Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the discussion of the impact of IM-SmartSAFETY courseware on foreign workers in the construction industry. This courseware was developed as an alternative media of information delivery in bilingual multimedia and two directional teaching aids for foreign workers in Health and Safety Induction Course (HSIC). The study discovered that the IM-SmartSAFETY courseware have contributed a great impact and meets the needs of the foreign workers on construction sites as well as one of the mechanism to help tackle the language problem. The study was conducted quantitative research methods supported by qualitative research is found a parallel in terms of data acquisition which is seen IM-SmartSAFETY courseware has helped meet the needs of foreign workers regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) in terms of knowledge about the types and uses of PPE, safety regulations related to PPE, proper wear of PPE and the effect of the proper usage of PPE which include safety helmets, safety boots, protective clothing or safety jackets, ear protection, eye and face protection, safety belts, protective glove and protective breathing after using the courseware. The findings also exhibits that the overall of helpfulness of courseware also found that language issues have been resolved. In fact, the acquisition of knowledge foreign workers on safety at construction sites and the way of delivery information by the trainers to foreign workers have been enhanced while reducing the rate of accidents on construction sites and increase foreign workers awareness about the hazard and improve occupational safety of foreign workers in Malaysia.

11. Health and Safety at Work

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astra Emir
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
European Law ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Corporate Manslaughter ◽  
The Impact

This chapter considers the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974. It covers the background to the HSWA, covering both the criminal and civil liablity for health and safety. It considers the powers of inspectors, enforcement of the Act, improvement notices and prohibition notices, the burden of proof and appeals; statutory duties on health, safety, and welfare; the impact of European law; burden of proof; the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007; and compensation for injuries at work. It also looks at a number of health and safety regulations, and in particular the ‘six pack’. Also looked at is the extent of the employer’s duty, and its duty to unborn children, and the limitation period for bringing an action.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Dan Umur Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Intellectual Capital Industri Keuangan di BEI

2018 ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Ainun Roviko ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Agung Suaryana
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
The Impact

Evaluate performance intellectual capital of company is an important thing because this will contribute to the company competitive advantage in the future. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the impact institutional ownership, firm size and firmage on intellectual capital performance financial industry listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange 2015-2017.Intellectual capital performance measured by VAICTM. This research used non- probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method and 37 company as a sample and 111 observation. Secondary data obtained from the annual financial report of the financial industry. The result of this research indicate that institutional ownership hasnot affecting the intellectual capital performance. The result of this search also indicate that firm size and firm age has a positive effect on intellectual capital performance. Keywords : Institutional ownership, size and firm age, financial industry, intellectual capital.

Industrial Research and Firm Size, Survival, and Growth in American Manufacturing, 1921–1946: An Assessment

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Mowery
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on the development of American industrial research suggests that during the twentieth century large firms “dominated” industrial research, and reaped the majority of the benefits from such activity. This paper utilizes new data to analyze both the relationship between firm size and research employment and the impact of research activity on firm growth and survival during 1921–1946. The results suggest that large firms were no more research-intensive than were small firms during the 1921–1946 period. Research activity significantly enhanced the probability of firms' survival among the ranks of the 200 largest manufacturing firms during 1921–1946. Research employment also improved the growth performance of both large and small firms during 1933–1946.

scholarly journals DO FINANCIAL RATIOS, FIRM CHARACTERISTICS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AFFECT FIRM PERFORMANCE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
JENNY ◽  
SILVY CHRISTINA
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Size Firm

The purpose of this research is to provide evidence about variables that influence firm performance. These variables are board size, debt ratio, firm size, firm age, return on asset, and independent board. Sample of this research are 67 manufactured companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample selected using purposive method, during the 2013 until 2015. Hypothesis tested by using multiple regression analysis. In this research, firm performance were measured by Tobin’s Q. The result of this research shows that debt ratio, firm size, return on asset and independent board have influence on firm performance. The other variables such as board size and firm age have no influence on firm performance.

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