11. Health and Safety at Work

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astra Emir
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
European Law ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Corporate Manslaughter ◽  
The Impact

This chapter considers the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974. It covers the background to the HSWA, covering both the criminal and civil liablity for health and safety. It considers the powers of inspectors, enforcement of the Act, improvement notices and prohibition notices, the burden of proof and appeals; statutory duties on health, safety, and welfare; the impact of European law; burden of proof; the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007; and compensation for injuries at work. It also looks at a number of health and safety regulations, and in particular the ‘six pack’. Also looked at is the extent of the employer’s duty, and its duty to unborn children, and the limitation period for bringing an action.

11. Health and Safety at Work

2020 ◽  
pp. 302-334
Author(s):  
Astra Emir
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
European Law ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Corporate Manslaughter ◽  
The Impact

This chapter considers the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974. It covers the background to the HSWA, covering both the criminal and civil liability for health and safety. It considers the powers of inspectors, enforcement of the Act, improvement notices and prohibition notices, the burden of proof and appeals; statutory duties on health, safety, and welfare; the impact of European law; burden of proof; the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007; and compensation for injuries at work. It also looks at a number of health and safety regulations, including the ‘six pack’. Also looked at is the extent of the employer’s duty, and its duty to unborn children, and the limitation period for bringing an action.

IMPAK PERISIAN IM-SMARTSAFETY TERHADAP PEKERJA ASING DALAM INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Azita Salleh ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Norazah Mohd Nordin ◽  
Abdul Khalim Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the discussion of the impact of IM-SmartSAFETY courseware on foreign workers in the construction industry. This courseware was developed as an alternative media of information delivery in bilingual multimedia and two directional teaching aids for foreign workers in Health and Safety Induction Course (HSIC). The study discovered that the IM-SmartSAFETY courseware have contributed a great impact and meets the needs of the foreign workers on construction sites as well as one of the mechanism to help tackle the language problem. The study was conducted quantitative research methods supported by qualitative research is found a parallel in terms of data acquisition which is seen IM-SmartSAFETY courseware has helped meet the needs of foreign workers regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) in terms of knowledge about the types and uses of PPE, safety regulations related to PPE, proper wear of PPE and the effect of the proper usage of PPE which include safety helmets, safety boots, protective clothing or safety jackets, ear protection, eye and face protection, safety belts, protective glove and protective breathing after using the courseware. The findings also exhibits that the overall of helpfulness of courseware also found that language issues have been resolved. In fact, the acquisition of knowledge foreign workers on safety at construction sites and the way of delivery information by the trainers to foreign workers have been enhanced while reducing the rate of accidents on construction sites and increase foreign workers awareness about the hazard and improve occupational safety of foreign workers in Malaysia.

24. Health and safety—the criminal law

2019 ◽  
pp. 423-441
Author(s):  
Stephen Taylor ◽  
Astra Emir
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Corporate Manslaughter

This chapter introduces health and safety law in general terms, before describing and assessing those aspects which fall under the jurisdiction of the criminal courts. It discusses the structure of health and safety law; the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974; other major health and safety regulations; enforcement of health and safety regulations; corporate manslaughter; and debates about criminal liability in health and safety law.

scholarly journals The Impact of Regulations on Small Firm Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Halil D. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
The Impact

Regulations are shown to have a significant impact on entrepreneurial activity, especially on startups by smaller firms. Higher compliance costs are shown to deter small firms entering a new industry. In this study, using state-level regulation data in the U.S., we examine whether different types of regulations (including “health and safety regulations”, “employment regulations”, “tax code”, “licensing regulations”, “environmental regulations”, and “zoning regulations”) in each state deter smaller firms to do business in that state. We also examine whether each type of regulation deters firms to do business in certain industries or to operate in more or fewer states. Besides size, operational area, and industry, we also examine whether each type of regulation deters younger firms to do business in each state. Our results show that “health and safety regulations”, “employment regulations”, “tax code”, “licensing regulations”, and “environmental regulations” in a state affect firm size and industry, but do not affect operational area and firm age. In the states with high scores in these areas, there are fewer single-employee firms but more 2-20 employee firms when compared to the other states. Also, in the states with a high score in “environmental regulations”, we find fewer firms with 51 to 100 employees when compared to the other states. On the other hand, “zoning regulations” affect firm age and industry, but not operational area and firm size. In the states with high scores in “zoning regulations”, we find fewer firms that are established less than a year ago. Finally, in the states with high scores in regulations, generally, we find that more firms are in the “Business” industry and fewer firms are in the “Writing” industry. Overall, we show how each type of regulation deter certain types of firms operating in each state. This is important because if a state wants to attract certain types of firms (i.e., younger, or older firms, larger or smaller firms, or firms in certain industries), the officials in that state need to improve the corresponding regulations first.

scholarly journals Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults: Understanding the strategies to optimize vaccination coverage

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250495
Author(s):  
Minhazul Abedin ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽  
Farah Naz Rahman ◽  
Hasan Mahmud Reza ◽  
Mohammad Zakir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Day Laborers ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Vaccine Refusal ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Impact

Background Although the approved COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective, mass vaccination in Bangladeshi people remains a challenge. As a vaccination effort, the study provided an empirical evidence on willingness to vaccinate by sociodemographic, clinical and regional differences in Bangladeshi adults. Methods This cross-sectional analysis from a household survey of 3646 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in 8 districts of Bangladesh, from December 12, 2020, to January 7, 2021. Multinomial regression examined the impact of socio-demographic, clinical and healthcare-releated factors on hesitancy and reluctance of vaccination for COVID-19. Results Of the 3646 respondents (2212 men [60.7%]; mean [sd] age, 37.4 [13.9] years), 74.6% reported their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 when a safe and effective vaccine is available without a fee, while 8.5% were reluctant to vaccinate. With a minimum fee, 46.5% of the respondents showed intent to vaccinate. Among the respondents, 16.8% reported adequate adherence to health safety regulations, and 35.5% reported high confidence in the country’s healthcare system. The COVID-19 vaccine refusal was significantly high in elderly, rural, semi-urban, and slum communities, farmers, day-laborers, homemakers, low-educated group, and those who had low confidence in the country’s healthcare system. Also, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was high in the elderly population, low-educated group, day-laborers, people with chronic diseases, and people with low confidence in the country’s healthcare system. Conclusion A high prevalence of vaccine refusal and hesitancy was observed in rural people and slum dwellers in Bangladesh. The rural community and slum dwellers had a low literacy level, low adherence to health safety regulations and low confidence in healthcare system. The ongoing app-based registration for vaccination increased hesitancy and reluctancy in low-educated group. For rural, semi-urban, and slum people, outreach centers for vaccination can be established to ensure the vaccine’s nearby availability and limit associated travel costs. In rural areas, community health workers, valued community-leaders, and non-governmental organizations can be utilized to motivate and educate people for vaccination against COVID-19. Further, emphasis should be given to the elderly and diseased people with tailored health messages and assurance from healthcare professionals. The media may play a responsible role with the vaccine education program and eliminate the social stigma about the vaccination. Finally, vaccination should be continued without a fee and thus Bangladesh’s COVID vaccination program can become a model for other low and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Norval
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hazard Recognition

The accreditation requirement is that allengineering students be introduced to their professionalresponsibilities, and particularly, those relating to“social, health, safety and legal” aspects. There is nodefinition as to what this entails, and there areconsiderable differences between schools in deliveredcontent.Ontario has made two substantial changes to Health andSafety legislation and regulation. Workers, supervisorsand employers have always been covered by thelegislation; the legislative changes mean that students arenow covered under Occupational Health and Safetylegislation. This change brings all undergraduateteaching facilities into compliance with the IndustrialRegulations. The impact on research will be profound asall research laboratories will workplaces, under theIndustrial Regulations, and supervisors will have"supervisory'' obligations for their students.Ontario now requires that all workers have introductorytraining on the health and safety system as well astraining on workplace specific hazards. All supervisorsare required to complete training on their responsibilities,including hazard recognition. This training is availableas e-modules, and this minimum training is acceptable forall workplaces, and workplaces are allowed to use theirown materials so long as they cover a defined list oftopics. The supervisory level material defines a minimumstandard of content for all engineers, which is readilysupplemented by additional content, such as working atheights, WHMIS, and electrical safety.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

The Democratic Costs of Constitutionalization— The European Case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Grimm
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the democratic costs of constitutionalization by focusing on the European case. It first considers the interdependence of democracy and constitutionalism before discussing how constitutionalization can put democracy at risk. It then explores the tension between democracy and fundamental rights, the constitutionalization of the European treaties, and the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) two separate judgments regarding the relationship between European law and national law. It also assesses the impact of the ECJ’s jurisprudence on democracy, especially in the area of economic integration. The chapter argues that the legitimacy problem the EU faces is caused in part by over-constitutionalization and that the remedy to this problem is re-politicization of decisions with significant political implications.

scholarly journals Dispositions that matter: Investigating criminalized women’s resettlement through their (trans)carceral habitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110173
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Theoretical Innovation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Feminist Work

Whether prisoner resettlement is framed in terms of public health, safety, economic prudence, recidivism, social justice, or humanitarianism, it is difficult to overstate its importance. This article investigates women’s experiences exiting prison in Canada to deepen understandings of post-carceral trajectories and their implications. It combines feminist work on transcarceration and Bourdieusian theory with qualitative research undertaken in Canada to propose the (trans)carceral habitus as a theoretical innovation. This research illuminates the continuity of criminalized women’s marginalization before and beyond their imprisonment, the embodied nature of these experiences, and the adaptive dispositions that they have demonstrated and depended on throughout their lives. In doing so, this article extends criminological work on carceral habitus which has rarely considered the experiences of women. Implications for resettlement are discussed by tracing the impact of criminalized women’s (trans)carceral habitus (i.e. distrust, skepticism, vigilance about their environments and relationships) on their willingness to access support and services offered by resettlement organizations.

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