scholarly journals An Analysis of Floral Consumption Values and Their Difference for Genders and Geographic Regions

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Fang Yeh ◽  
Li-Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consumer Choice Behavior ◽  
Consumption Value

Studying the value of consumption is believed to have diagnostic value in the analysis of consumer choice behavior and, therefore, is helpful in improving the efficiency of the market. The objective of this study was to identify the consumption value that consumers seek from floral products, while also clarifying the context of that consumption value. A total of 644 valid questionnaires from a consumer survey were used for the statistical analysis. The statistical results of the factor analysis revealed that sensory hedonics, emotion conditioning, curiosity fulfillment, monetary worth, and showing care to others were the main types of the consumption value in relation to floral products. Different consumer groups were found to emphasize different types of floral consumption value. Female consumers reveal a stronger demand for the value of emotion conditioning and curiosity fulfillment, while male consumers are more likely to seek the value of sensory hedonics. Consumers in rural areas reveal a stronger demand for the value of curiosity fulfillment and monetary worth, while the consumers in urban areas reveal a stronger demand for the value of emotion conditioning, with regard to the consumption value of flowers. The study results provide florists with the key value points as they seek to increase the attraction of floral products to consumers.

scholarly journals Growth and Productivity Analysis of Micro Finance Sector: A Case Study of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Nisar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

This study reviews the growth strategies and their effect on the efficiency and productivity of the microfinance sector of Pakistan. The sector needs to have adopted intensive growth strategy instead of extensive strategies of wide expansion in term of physical infrastructure and human resources, which had increased the financial sustainability risks for the credit constrain institutions. The sixdimension model of outreach used in this study also shows that the sector does not achieve the targets set forth for these micro finance institutes with respect to its active borrowers’ outreach. The sector has mainly focused the big cities and urban areas whereas the poverty levels are higher in rural areas. The government has also shown its interest by launching two different types of loan schemes. Among the three different types of institution, the microfinance banks dominate the sector.

scholarly journals Prevalensi dan Determinan Hipertensi di Pulau Jawa, Tahun 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Zamhir Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ecological Measurement ◽  
The Individual

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Peningkatan umur harapan hidup dan perubahan gaya hidup meningkatkan faktor risiko hipertensi di berbagai negara. Tujuan penelitian ini (1) Mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi dan penyebarannya di Pulau Jawa tahun 2004. (2) Mengetahui faktor-faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. (3) Mengetahui kontribusi dan dampak potensial masing-masing faktor tersebut. Penelitian dengan rancangan studi Ekologi Multilevel ini menggabungkan variabel tingkat pengukuran individu dengan tingkat pengukuran ekologi dalam analisis bersama, dengan unit analisis individu. Analisis kontekstual dilakukan melalui kerangka konsep hipertensi, menggunakan metode analisis regresi logistik ganda, dengan status hipertensi sebagai variabel dependen. Data variabel dependen dan variabel perancu yang merupakan data pengukuran tingkat individu diambil dari data SKRT 2004. Data sosiodemografi tingkat pengukuran ekologi sebagai variabel independen utama, diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, Statistik Indonesia, Statistik Kesehatan, Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat, danData Departemen Dalam Negeri, unit pengamatan provinsi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi di Pulau Jawa 41,9%, dengan kisaran di masing-masing provinsi 36,6%-47,7%. Prevalensi di perkotaan 39,9% (37,0%-45,8%) dan di perdesaan 44,1% (36,2%-51,7%). Kata kunci: Hipertensi, faktor sosiodemografiAbstractHypertension is a main risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is ranked as number one cause of death in the world. The increase of life expectancy and changes in life style have increased the prevalence of hypertension risk factor in both developed and developing countries. The objectives of this study are (1) To know the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in di Java island, in year 2004. (2) To know sosiodemographic factors related to hypertension. (3) To know the contribution of each sosiodemographic factor toward hypertension. The study used multilevel ecologic study design that integrated both individual and ecological level variables measurement. The analysis method used in this study was contextual analysis and multiple logistic regression with hypertension status as dependent variable. The individual level measurement of variables such as hypertension status and age, job, education and sex is taken from Household Health Survey (SKRT) 2004. The sosiodemographic data which was ecological measurement level served as the main independent variables were taken from Indonesian Health Profile, Indonesian Health Statistics, Public Welfare Statistics and data from Department of Internal Affair, particularly from Province Surveillance Unit. The study results showed that the prevalence of hypertension in Java Island was 41.9%, with range of prevalence in provincial level of 36.6%-47.7%. The prevalence in urban areas was 39.9% (37.0%-45.8%) and in rural areas was 44.1% (36.2%-51.7%)Keywords: Hypertension, sosiodemographic factors

Assessing the First and Last Mile Problem for Intercity Passenger Rail Service

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Lorena Losada Rojas ◽  
Konstantina “Nadia” Gkritza ◽  
V. Dimitra Pyrialakou
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rail Service

The first and last mile of a trip has been used to describe passenger travel with regards to getting to and from transit stops/stations. Solving the first and last mile (FMLM) problem extends the access to transportation systems and enlarges the number of passengers from a remote community, such as rural areas. The FMLM problem has been addressed in different public transit contexts, mainly within urban areas. However, it is also an important part of the journey in an intercity trip; yet, limited research efforts have been undertaken to examine the FMLM problem that intercity passenger train riders face. This paper fills in this gap and further, aims to identify the best strategies that could serve as a FMLM solution for short distance intercity passenger rail service (i.e., corridors that are less than 750 miles long according to the Passenger Rail Improvement and Investment Act, 2008). The Hoosier State Train (HST) service, a short-distance intercity passenger rail that connects Chicago and Indianapolis four days a week, was chosen as a case of study. The HST has four intermediate stops located in Indiana. For some of those intermediate stops HST is the only intercity public transit service offered to reach either Chicago or Indianapolis. In order to explore opportunities to enhance the HST ridership, an on-board survey was conducted in November and December 2016. The findings of this survey suggested that there are riders who travel from counties further away from a county with a station to reach and complete their journey on the train. Moreover, it was found that most of the respondents drove or rented a car, or were dropped off to reach a train station in Indiana. Unlike the results from the Chicago station, the majority of riders boarding the train from one of the Indiana stations did not use ridesharing services or public transportation. These findings suggest that there is a possible gap into the FMLM travel options for intercity rail riders and alternative options to fill this gap should be considered. This paper discusses the case study results of an accessibility analysis aiming to identify the areas in need of first/last mile service where there are no public transportation services and/or it is costly to reach a station from a desired origin. To that end, a cost surface for the different modes available in the area of study was created to determine the average travel cost to the nearest station. The analysis was carried out in ArcGIS using origin-destination data from the on-board survey, transportation network information from the U.S. Bureau Transportation Statistics, and general transit feed specification (GTFS) data. Subsequently, some of the best strategies identified were modeled around the station (e.g., shuttle buses to/from the station) in order to examine how the accessibility would increase after a strategy implementation. The results of this study may have far-reaching implications for planning strategies that can enhance access to the train stations. Finally, the FMLM strategies could assist intercity passenger rail service providers attract a larger number of passengers.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Students Enrolled in the Pedagogical Formation Programs towards the Teaching Profession

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalcin Ozdemir ◽  
Sabri Gungor
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Formation Programs

This study was conducted to examine the attitudes of students enrolled in the pedagogical formation programs in order to become teachers towards the teaching profession. The students either graduated from faculties other than the education faculty or they were still enrolled in undergraduate programs of faculties other than the education faculty. The study group is made up of randomly selected 491 students enrolled in the pedagogical formation programs of Kafkas University and Ömer Halisdemir University during the 2016-2017 academic year between 6 and 15 January, 2017. To collect the study data, “Attitude Scale towards Teaching Profession” was used. Arithmetic mean, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc tests were conducted in the analysis and interpretation of data. In the study, it was determined that as the ages of students enrolled in the pedagogical formation programs increase, they showed more positive attitudes towards the teaching profession. Females had more positive attitudes than males, graduates more than students, Ömer Halisdemir University students more than Kafkas University students, and students who lived mostly in urban areas more than students who live in rural areas. Furthermore, according to the study results, teaching profession attitudes of students enrolled in pedagogical formation programs differ according to their faculty, mother and father’s education and monthly family income. 

scholarly journals Food Diversification in Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Roeskani Sinaga ◽  
Manuntun Parulian Hutagaol ◽  
Sri Hartoyo ◽  
Nunung Nuryartono
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Differences in economic structure, differences in income levels, food price levels cause differences in household consumption patterns. This paper analyzes food diversification in Java. Households are grouped by income group to assess the level of food diversification of each group. Households whose income groups Q3 and Q4 have lower food diversification compared to households in groups Q1 and Q2. The study results show that the value of BI is greater than the value of MBI in both urban and rural areas. This indicates that the source of calories does not come from only one type of commodity. The increase in per capita expenditure does not increase food diversification (the dependent variable is BI) for households in groups Q1 and Q2, while it is positive for households in groups Q3 and Q4. Food prices generally affect diversification. An increase in the number of household members will reduce the level of diversification for Q1 households. In contrast, increasing the number of household members will increase food diversification for Q2, Q3 and Q4 households. The level of household diversification in urban areas is higher than in rural areas.

scholarly journals Financial Status of Rural and Urban Dalit of Kaski District

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Hari Bahadur Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Study Results

The primary objective of this paper is to describe and measure financial status of the Bishowkarma, Pariyar, and Nepali caste in the rural and urban regions of Kaski district of Nepal. The study has used descriptive research design and judgmental and quota sampling with an equal 150 samples of the rural and urban areas including 50 samples of each caste. A set of close-ended questionnaires was used to collect data from primary sources. The collected data were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like frequencies, weighted mean, and percentage using MS-Word, MS-Excel, and SPSS. The Bishwokarma caste has good financial status in the urban area followed by Nepali and Pariyar. However, in a rural area, the Nepali caste has a better financial position followed by Pariyar and Bishwokarma. The study results indicate people living in the urban areas have a stronger financial position with an overall mean score of 3.02 compared to people living in the rural areas with an overall mean score of 2.85. The concerned government bodies need to give special care to uplift the financial status of the Pariyar people in the urban region and the Bishwokarma people in the rural region. Thus, this study conveys a comprehensive picture of the financial status of rural and urban Dalits of Kaski District which could be the baseline data set for future study and primary data sources for local stakeholders.

Potential Accessibility, Travel Time, and Consumer Choice: Geographical Variations in General Medical Practice Registrations in Eastern England

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Haynes ◽  
Andrew Lovett ◽  
Gisela Sünnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Local Surgery ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
Geographical Accessibility

The availability of choice is a neglected aspect in studies of geographical accessibility, which typically concentrate on distance to the nearest service. Records of patient registrations with general medical practices offer the opportunity to examine the geographical distribution of choice for an essential service. This population study of two million residents of Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk used postcodes extracted from patient registers and estimated car travel times from residential locations to general practice surgeries in a geographic information system. Only 56% of the population were registered with the practice nearest their home. People were more likely to use the nearest practice if they lived in rural rather than urban areas and where a surgery was within walking distance. Choice, as measured by the number of practices used by 95% of residents, was highest in the larger urban areas and lowest in small towns and rural areas with a local surgery. Ten percent of the population were served by monopoly practices. Overall, the distribution of registrations reflected a regular and predictable substitution of choice for increased travel time. People were 29% less likely to register with a practice for every additional minute of travel time: an almost perfect distance-decay relationship that was used to calibrate a potential model of accessibility over the study area. The resulting values of potential accessibility were found to approximate the combination of travel time to the nearest surgery and the actual range of choice exercised by residents. This demonstration that the potential accessibility model reflects consumer behaviour has applications beyond the health field.

scholarly journals The Household Health Spending and Impoverishment: Findings from the Households Survey in Shiraz, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khammarnia ◽  
A Keshtkaran ◽  
Z Kavosi ◽  
R Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Study Results

The present study aimed to investigate the households' impoverishment due to the healthcare costs in Shiraz in 2012. In this household's survey, 800 households were studied in Shiraz. The study sample was selected using stratified and cluster sampling in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The information was collected using the household section of the World Health Survey questionnaire. In order to determine impoverishment due to health spending, at first, the households' food-based poverty line (subsistence expenditure) was measured. Then, households' health expenditure was subtracted from their total expenditure and if the obtained value was lower than the households' food-based poverty line, the households was considered to be impoverished due to health expenditures. The collected data were entered into the SPSS (version 16) statistical software and analyzed using descriptive statistic, Chi-square test, and logistic regression in backward method. The study results showed that 7.1% of the households (CI: 0.071±0.018) were impoverished because of healthcare expenditures. Besides, the households in the first quintile were more likely to be faced with poverty compared to those in the other quintiles (p<0.05). Being covered by health insurance did not affect the protection from poverty due to health costs. Moreover, the participants living in rural areas were faced with poverty more than those living in urban areas (p<0.05). It seems that health expenditure can be an economic shock for household in Shiraz and through spending on health a household may fall into poverty. As insurance had no effect on impoverishment, it implies that change in health insurance plans and ways of health financing is necessary.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 58-62

scholarly journals Profile of Paediatric Malignancies: A Five Year Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jabeen ◽  
M Haque ◽  
MJ Islam ◽  
MH Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Tumour ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumour ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the profile of childhood cancers in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, (NICRH), Dhaka during 2005 to 2009. Methodology: It was a retrospective study using hospital based cancer registry records from January 2005 to December 2009. All the children below 15 years with confirmed diagnosis of cancer by means of histological or cytological examinations were included in this study. Results: There were 28409 new confirmed cases attended out patient department of NICRH during these 5 years. Among which 1250 were below 15 years of age. An average 250 cases attended per year. Overall pediatric tumours were 4.4% of total cancers. The frequency of cancer was found to be higher among boys (62%) than girls (38%) with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of the children were from rural areas (67%) compared to (33%) from urban areas. The results showed that Lymphoma (24.2%), Retinoblastoma (17.4%) and Leukaemia (14.3%) were the commonly found childhood cancers among the children attended at NICRH during data collection period. Other less commonly found tumor were bone tumour (7.2%), kidney tumor (6.8%) Central Nervous System Tumour (3.7%),Testicular Tumour (3.7%), and Hepatocellular cancer (1.3%). Conclusion: Lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and bone tumor commonly found in children above 5 years in contradiction to retinoblastoma, leukaemia and lymphoma which were prevalent in children less than 5 years of age. Key Words: Cancer registry; paediatric malignancies; cancer profile. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6249 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 33-38.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BRAND POSITIONING DAN CONSUMPTION VALUE TERHADAP CONSUMER CHOICE BEHAVIOR (STUDI PADA PENGGUNA LAYANAN DATA XL)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Oki Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Data Service ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Consumer Choice Behavior

Expansion of cellular network that provide faster data access makes rivalry between cellular operator switch from voice and sms to data service. This study has an objective to explore the influence of brand position to consumer choice behavior with consumption values as moderating variable based on Theory of Consumption Values in the context of XL data service. Brand positioning as a marketing stimuli has an important role as value creation that create a value to fill the consumer wants and needs. Hypothesis testing was performed with Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) on data collected from 163 mobile data users. This study proves that consumption values as mediator to connect the relationship between brand positioning and consumer choice behavior.Keywords: Brand Positioning, Consumption Values, Consumer Choice Behavior, Telecommunication, SEM-PLS

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