scholarly journals Rootstock Influence on Flower Bud Hardiness and Yield of `Redhaven' Peach

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Durner
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rooted Trees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Peach Trees

`Redhaven' peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] on their own roots or budded to seven rootstock [`Bailey', `Siberian C', `Lovell', `Halford' (seedlings), GF 655.2, GF 677 (`Amandier'), or `Damas' (GF 1869) (clonal)] were evaluated for rootstock influence on flower bud hardiness, live pistils at bloom, thinning requirements, marketable yield, and production efficiency after exposure to temperatures lower than – 23C in 1987 and to - 26C in 1988. In 1987, flower bud hardiness was as great on `Siberian C' as on own-rooted `Redhaven' and greater than on the other rootstock. Fewer live pistils were observed during bloom on GF 677 than on `Siberian C', `Lovell', `Damas', or self-rooted trees in 1987. In 1988, flower bud hardiness was greater on `Siberian C' and `Bailey' than on GF 677. At bloom, `Lovell' and `Siberian C' rootstock carried more flowers with live pistils than `Damas'.`Siberian C' and `Lovell' required significantly greater fruit thinning than all other rootstock and self-rooted trees. GF 677 produced a larger marketable crop than GF 655.2 or `Damas'. In addition, `Bailey', `Lovell', and self-rooted trees produced a significantly larger crop than `Damas'. No significant rootstock effect on production efficiency was detected in either year. Tree vigor during the growing season preceding each freeze did not significantly influence flower bud survival or productivity.

scholarly journals Cultivar, Ground-cover, and Irrigation Treatments and Their Interactions Affect Long-term Performance of Peach Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne ◽  
Chin S. Tan ◽  
David M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Peach Trees

Three cultivars (`Garnet Beauty', `Harbrite', `Canadian Harmony'), two ground covers (temporary cover vs. permanent sod), and no irrigation vs. season-long trickle irrigation were studied in a high-density (633 trees/ha) peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchard established on Fox sand in 1980. From 1985 to 1989, soil water content in the top 130 cm was similar in nonirrigated and trickle-irrigated plots except during the growing season (May to September). Total soil water was lowest in nonirrigated plots that had permanent sod strips in the row middles and fell below the-permanent wilting point for ≥11 months in summer but not at depths below 130 cm. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was greater for `Canadian Harmony' and `Harbrite' than `Garnet Beauty', ground-cover treatments had no effect, and irrigated trees were generally larger than those not irrigated. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance differed by cultivar, were unaffected by ground cover, and were enhanced by irrigation. Defoliation differed by cultivar, ground cover had little effect, and irrigation usually delayed defoliation. Flower bud and shoot xylem hardiness differed by cultivar but not by ground cover and were generally enhanced by irrigation. Tree survival was significantly affected by cultivar, being best with `Harbrite' and `Canadian Harmony' and poorest with `Garnet Beauty'. Permanent sod enhanced tree survival while trickle irrigation reduced it. Cumulative marketable yields were affected more by cultivar than by ground cover or irrigation. `Canadian Harmony' had the highest yield, followed by `Harbrite', then `Garnet Beauty'. Yields in sod were slightly higher than in temporary cover and yields with trickle irrigation were slightly higher than without irrigation. The best soil-management system when TCA, marketable yield, and tree survival were considered was a combination of permanent creeping red fescue sod strips in the row middles and trickle irrigation in the tree row. This system is being recommended to commercial growers in southwestern Ontario.

scholarly journals Heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits on 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin ◽  
Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Daniel Chamorro Darde
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Heading Control ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot heading and of hand thinning in different development stages of flowers and fruits on the fruit production and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was performed during three crop years, under the conditions of the “Depressão Central” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the treatments were: T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). Fruit production and quality were evaluated. Plants with no thinning were more productive, but showed high frequency of fruits with a diameter smaller than 60 mm. Shoot heading reduced production per tree and resulted in small-sized fruit. Thinning time did not affect production, and fruit size was greater when thinning was performed at the bloom stage. 'BRS Kampai' peach trees can be thinned starting at bloom, which provides greater fruit size, with no production loss.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Volume on Young Peach Tree Growth and Water Use

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-M. Boland ◽  
P.D. Mitchell ◽  
I. Goodwin ◽  
P.H. Jerie
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
Peach Trees

An experiment designed to study the effects of different root volumes was installed in Fall 1991. `Golden Queen' peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] were planted into different isolated soil volumes (0.025, 0.06, 0.15, 0.4, and 1.0 m3), which were essentially individual drainage lysimeters. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) increased from 5.76 to 14.23 cm2 for the smallest and largest volumes, respectively, while leaf area was 4.56 and 21.32 m2 for the respective treatments. Leaf size was not affected by soil volume. Soil volume was positively related to the number of lateral shoots produced, lateral shoot density, and internode length. Total flower bud number and flower bud density were inversely related to soil volume. Fruit set was similar among treatments despite an almost 4-fold difference in tree size. Tree water use (liters·mm-1 pan evaporation) increased with soil volume; however, when adjusted for tree size (tree water use per TCA), there were no consistent differences between treatments for tree water use over the season. These results suggest that trees planted in the smaller soil volumes were more efficient reproductively per unit of tree size and would be easier to manage in an ultra-high-density planting.

scholarly journals Influence of Blossom and Fruit Thinning on Peach Flower Bud Tolerance to an Early Spring Freeze

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
R.P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Crop Density

Peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) BatSch.] blossom-thinned by hand were overthinned due to poor fruit set of the remaining flowers; however, their yield was equivalent to trees hand-thinned 38 or 68 days after full bloom (AFB). Blossom-thinned trees had three times the number of flower buds per unit length of shoot and had more than two times the percentage of live buds after a March freeze that had occurred at early bud swell the following spring. Blossom-thinned trees were more vigorous; their pruning weight increased 45%. For blossom-thinned trees, the number of flowers per square centimeter limb cross-sectional area (CSA) was two times that of hand-thinned trees and four times that of the control trees for the next season. Fruit set of blossom-thinned trees was increased four times. Flower buds on the bottom half of shoots on blossom-thinned trees were more cold tolerant than when hand-thinned 68 days AFB. Fruit set per square centimeter limb CSA was 400% greater the following year on blossom-thinned trees compared to controls. Removing strong upright shoots on scaffold limbs and at renewal points early in their development decreased dormant pruning time and weight and increased red pigmentation of fruit at the second picking. The number of flower buds per unit shoot length and percent live buds after the spring freeze were negatively related to crop density the previous season for trees that had been hand-thinned to varying crop densities at 48 days AFB. According to these results, blossom thinning and fruit thinning to moderate crop densities can influence the cold tolerance of peach flower buds in late winter.

scholarly journals Antitranspirant Reduces Water Use by Peach Trees Following Harvest

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Steinberg ◽  
Marshall J. McFarland ◽  
Josiah W. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The potential for reducing water use of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees with antitranspirants following fruit harvest was investigated using matched peach trees planted in an outdoor twin weighing lysimeter facility. A 10% solution of the antitranspirant Wilt Pruf NCF was applied to one of the two trees on 7 July 1986. Immediately after application, water use of the treated tree was reduced by 40%. One month after treatment, the water use was reduced 30% and, by the termination of the experiment (85 days after treatment), water use was reduced 12% as compared to control. The average reduction in tree water use for the entire period was 30%. Fully expanded, sunlit leaves (nodes 10 to 20 from the terminal end) from the treated tree exhibited the greatest reduction in water loss compared with immature or inner canopy, shaded leaves. Use of the antitranspirant did not prevent the development of water stress once a critical level of soil moisture was reached. The change in tree water use induced by the antitranspirant did not significantly reduce shoot length, new leaf production, or individual leaf size on actively growing, current-season branches. Fruit and leaf bud initiation, as measured the following spring, were not affected: however. flower bud maturation could not be evaluated due to freeze damage. Chemical name used: di-1-p-menthene (Wilt Pruf NCF).

scholarly journals Carbohydrate content in branches and abscission of fruit of peach trees subjected to chemical thinning

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Roseli de Mello Farias ◽  
Renata Diane Menegatti ◽  
Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽  
Carlos Roberto Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical thinning with metamitron on fruit of the Maciel and Sensação peach (Prunus persica) tree cultivars, as well as to identify its relation to the carbohydrate content in their branches. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, and the treatments were trees with no thinning, manual fruit thinning, and chemical thinning with 200 mg L-1 metamitron applied at 20, 40, and 60 days after full blooming. The evaluated variables were: abscission percentage, yield per plant, number of fruit, presence of lignin in fruit, and carbohydrate content in the branches. The carbohydrate content was evaluated in trees with and without chemical thinning seven days after the application of the product. The use of metamitron promotes fruit thinning in the ‘Maciel’ and ‘Sensação’ peach trees, with a decrease in the carbohydrate content in their branches. Metamitron application 20 and 40 days after full blooming favors fruit abscission in both studied cultivars.

scholarly journals Over-tree Microsprinkler Irrigation for Spring Freeze Protection of Peaches

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
Mark Rieger ◽  
Stephen C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Freeze Protection ◽  
Wetting Pattern

“The feasibility of using an over-tree microsprinkler irrigation system for spring freeze protection of `Loring' peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was evaluated under a range of meteorological conditions during Winter 1988-89. Microsprinklers were attached to the underside of polyethylene laterals 2.5 m above ground level and centered over the tree rows. Irrigation rates of 0, 27, 36, and 44 liters/hour per tree were tested on trees trained to an open-center habit using microsprinklers that produced a circular wetting pattern. Microsprinkler irrigation maintained average bud temperature above -2C and 2 to 5C above those of nonirrigated trees under calm conditions, but provided no protection under windy conditions. Flower bud temperatures of irrigated trees were similar for 36 and 44 liters·hour-1, but were slightly lower for 27 liters·hour-1 under conditions typical of spring freezes. Limb breakage due to ice loading was negligible for all application rates, even under advective freeze conditions. Calculated water and energy consumption were reduced by at least 50% and 88%, respectively, by the microsprinkler system, compared to a typical overhead sprinkler system.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilizer Application Methods Affect Performance of High-density Peach Orchards

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne ◽  
Chin S. Tan ◽  
David M. Hunter ◽  
Robert A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Seven treatment combinations of irrigation and fertilizer were compared in a high-density (606 trees/ha) management system for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Harrow Beauty/Bailey] on Fox sand in southwestern Ontario. Each treatment combination had an irrigation component (N = nonirrigated, D = drip irrigated, or M = microsprinkler irrigated) and a fertilizer placement component (B = banded fertilizer, L = low fertigation, or H = high fertigation). NB and DB are commonly used systems in Ontario, while the other five treatment combinations were experimental. Total soil water in the top 110 cm of soil was lowest under NB but was never at the permanent wilting point. Trunk cross-sectional area was largest under DH and DB, smallest under ML and NB, and intermediate for the other three treatment combinations. No symptoms of N or K deficiency or toxicity were noted for any of the fertilizer treatments. Leaf analyses in July and September indicated that most major and minor elements were in the adequate to slightly excess range. However, there were no significant treatment effects on leaf nutrient concentrations in July or September when averaged over the five years, except for Mg in July. There were large and significant year effects on leaf nutrient concentrations but no significant treatment × year interactions. During the first four cropping years, there were no significant treatment effects, averaged over years, for total yield, marketable yield, or cumulative yield efficiency; however, there were large year effects but no treatment × year interactions for these factors. There was no detectable yield advantage for D vs. M irrigation. B application of N and K promoted no higher yields than fertigation equivalent to the B rate or 50% of this rate. Fertigation of N and K during the first 4 years of this experiment did not provide a detectable yield advantage to warrant the added cost and labor associated with this system compared with the B applications of N and K.

scholarly journals Ethephon Prolongs Dormancy and Enhances Supercooling in Peach Flower Buds

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Durner ◽  
Thomas J. Gianfagna
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Heat Requirement

The heat requirement for flower bud growth of container-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. Redhaven and Springold] in the greenhouse varied inversely and linearly with the length of the cold-storage period (SC) provided to break bud dormancy. Ethephon reduced the rest-breaking effectiveness of the 5C treatment. Buds from ethephon-treated trees grew more slowly than buds from untreated trees upon exposure to 20 to 25C, resulting in later bloom dates. The effect of ethephon on flower bud hardiness in field-grown trees of `Jerseydawn' and `Jerseyglo' was studied using exotherm analysis after deacclimation treatments. Bud deacclimation varied with reacclimating temperature (7 or 21 C), cultivar, ethephon treatment, and sampling date. All buds were more susceptible to injury in March than in January or February. Buds reacclimated more rapidly at 21C than at 7C. `Jerseyglo' reacclimated more rapidly than `Jerseydawn'. Untreated buds were less hardy and also reacclimated more rapidly than treated buds. Ethephon enhanced flower bud hardiness in three distinct ways: 1) it decreased the mean low-temperature exotherm of pistils, 2) it increased the number of buds that supercooled after exposure to reacclimating temperatures, and 3) it decreased the rate of deacclimation, especially at 21C. Ethephon prolongs flower bud dormancy by increasing the chilling requirement. The rate at which flower buds become increasingly sensitive to moderate temperatures in late winter and spring is thus reduced by ethephon. Thus, ethephon delays deacclimation during winter and delays bloom in the spring. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).

Propagation and field performance of own-rooted peach trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
C. G. Tsipouridis ◽  
A. Isaakidis ◽  
A. Manganaris ◽  
I. Therios ◽  
Z. Michailidis
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Rooted Trees ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Peach Trees

Ten peach and nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsh) cultivars: Arm King, Early Crest, Early Gem, Flavor Crest, May Crest, May Grand, Red Gold, Red Haven, Spring Crest and Sun Crest, were propagated by both hardwood cuttings (HC) and by bud grafting onto peach seedlings. Significant differences were observed for rooting among cultivars and applied IBA. Degree of blooming and yield were higher for HC propagated own-rooted trees when compared with budded trees in the first 6 years of fruiting. Budded trees increased in size faster than HC trees but were less productive. Yield, yield efficiency and fruit size were not only cultivar specific, but were also affected by the propagation method, being higher for own-rooted trees in most cultivars. Tree mortality was generally higher for budded trees. No significant differences were found in mineral absorption efficiency, time of blooming, fruit firmness, acidity and sugar level between own-rooted and budded trees. Results based on percent rooting of HC, yield, fruit size, growth and tree mortality suggest that own-rooted HC trees should be an acceptable tree type for commercial orchards, especially for the cultivars Sun Crest, Spring Crest and Red Haven.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document