scholarly journals SMALL-SCALE, LOW-COST FILTERS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103d-1103
Author(s):  
B. W. Roberts ◽  
C. W. O'Hern
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Cost

Drip irrigation systems are used extensively by commercial vegetable producers. Such systems permit precise water placement and efficient water utilization. Emitters in drip irrigation lines can easily become clogged if water supplies contain solid particles. Most farm water is not suitable for drip irrigation unless filters are used to remove solid particles from the water. Small scale or part time vegetable producers often find the cost of conventional filter systems to be a substantial financial investment.A filter which is small, lightweight, and portable was designed, built, and tested. The system is constructed from standard hardware and plumbing materials that can be purchased for less than $50. Construction time is four hours or less. The filter system works well for small scale operations that require low flow rates of water.Specifications for construction, including a materials parts list and construction details will be presented.

scholarly journals Inexpensive Sand Filters for Drip Irrigation Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W. Roberts ◽  
C.W. O'Hern
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Part Time

Solid particles in water such as sand, silt, clay, or organic debris can clog drip irrigation systems. Filters that remove these particles from the water are necessary, but expensive, for small-scale or part-time farmers. A falter that is functionally similar to commercial units can be built from a steel barrel and common plumbing supplies for about $100. Components and instructions to build such a falter are presented here.

scholarly journals Validation of an Analytical Model to Lower the Cost of Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems for Smallholder Farmers in the Mena Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Grant ◽  
Carolyn Sheline ◽  
Susan Amrose ◽  
Elizabeth Brownell ◽  
Vinay Nangia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation technology that has been shown to conserve water and significantly increase crop yield. This technology could be particularly beneficial to the world’s estimated 500 million smallholder farmers, but drip systems tend to be financially inaccessible to this population. Drip systems require costly components including a pipe network, emitters, a pump and power system. Due to limited access to electricity, many smallholder farmers would require off-grid solutions. Designing reliable, low cost, off-grid drip irrigation systems for smallholder farms could significantly reduce the barrier to adoption. This paper builds on an integrated solar-powered drip irrigation model that was shown to improve upon an existing software. Field trials of the small-scale drip system were conducted on research farms in Jordan and Morocco for a full growing season. Data collected from these field trials are used to validate the hydraulics portion of the systems-level model. In addition, the insights gained from the field trials were formed into design requirements for future iterations of the model. These include optimizing for the system life cycle cost, as opposed to capital cost, the ability to simulate the system operation over a season, the capability to input a user’s irrigation schedule, incorporating locally-available components, and incorporating a system reliability constraint based on more detailed agronomic calculations.

scholarly journals Effect of Low Cost Drip Tape Irrigation System on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA Archana ◽  
N Asoka Raja ◽  
R Mahesh ◽  
R Kalpana
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Irrigation Levels

A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77

scholarly journals Bio-Inspired, Low-Cost, Self-Regulating Valves for Drip Irrigation in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel J. Zimoch ◽  
Eliott Tixier ◽  
Abhijit Joshi ◽  
A. E. Hosoi ◽  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Thin Walled

We use nonlinear behavior of thin-walled structures — an approach inspired by biological systems (the human airway, for example) — to address one of the most important problems facing subsistence farmers in developing countries: lack of access to inexpensive, water-efficient irrigation systems. An effective way of delivering water to crops is through a network of emitters, with up to 85% of the water delivered being absorbed by plants. However, of the 140 million hectares of cropped land in India alone, only 61 million are irrigated and just 5 million through drip irrigation. This is, in part, due to the relatively high cost of drip irrigation. The main cost comes from the requirement to pump the water at relatively high pressure (>1bar), to minimize the effect of uneven terrain and viscous losses in the network, and to ensure that each plant receives the same amount of water. Using a prototype, we demonstrate that the pressure required to drive the system can be reduced significantly by using thin-walled structures to design emitters with completely passive self-regulation that activates at approximately 0.1bar. This reduction in driving pressure could help bring the price of drip irrigation systems from several thousand dollars to approximately $300, which is within reach of small-scale farmers. Using order-of-magnitude calculations, we show that due to increased sensitivity of the proposed design to the applied pressure differential, a pressure compensating valve for drip irrigation could be built without using costly silicone membranes.

scholarly journals LAYOUT AND DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF FILTERING WATER INTAKES FROM SHALLOW WATERCOURSES FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Shtanko ◽  
◽  
V. N. Shkura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydrographic Features ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Purpose: development of layout and design schemes for low-flow water intakes, arranged on shallow river and stream watercourses for supplying water to drip irrigation systems. Agricultural development of terraces and floodplains of small foothill and mountain streams actualizes the development of facilities for water intake from them for the purpose of irrigating land. Morphological and hydrographic features, including shallow low-water depths, high flow rates, flow rates variability, saturation with sediments, the presence of underflow and overflow runoff, etc., make water intake from such watercourses difficult and specific. These circumstances predetermine the relevance of water intake structures development corresponding to the specified conditions. Materials and Methods. When developing the layout and design schemes of low-flow water intakes from shallow watercourses, the technologies of exploratory design of engineering systems and structures were used. Results. With regard to the morphometric, hydrological and other conditions of shallow foothill and mountain streams, a water intake with a bottom water intake was adopted for development. The water intake part of headworks is designed in the form of a toe drain, which has under-flow and overflow intake parts that allow water intake from the channel and off-channel water streams. The toe is made of two or three layers of sand and gravel material. Drainage pipes or pipe filters are used as a drainage element. Depending on the conditions of the watercourse, water intakes with transverse, longitudinal and pocket-coastal placement of water intakes are proposed. Conclusion. The layout and design schemes of filtering water intakes from shallow watercourses based on the use of overflow, underflow and combined structures of multilayer drainage water intakes with stream (transverse and longitudinal) and off-channel (pocket-coastal) placement have been proposed and developed.

Development of a Low-Cost Solar-Powered Water Supply System for Small-Scale Drip Irrigation Farms in Sub-Saharan Africa: Dosing Tank and Bell Siphon Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 05018003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Oppong Danso ◽  
Thomas Atta-Darkwa ◽  
Finn Plauborg ◽  
Edward Benjamin Sabi ◽  
Yvonne Kugblenu-Darrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Solar Powered

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-COST, HAND-HELD MULTI-SENSOR SYSTEM FOR THE MONITORING OF SMALL WATER BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2021 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
R. Blaskow ◽  
E. Schwalbe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Water Bodies

Abstract. For small-scale monitoring of small water bodies, conventional methods such as GNSS or total station measurements are used. The data acquisition is usually carried out in profile form supplemented with extra measurements of break edges, slope edges or bank courses. However, these methods can be used efficiently only on small sections and with low temporal resolution. At the same time, as the length of rivers or creeks to be monitored increases, the cost-effectiveness of the above methods decreases. Further limitations such as very small sections that are difficult to access and also sections that are sometimes heavily overgrown also prevent the use of large measuring platforms. By contrast, with use of a hand-held compact multi-sensor platform it is possible to survey several hundred kilometres of the smallest rivers and creeks. This publication demonstrates the use of such a platform to record micro-watersheds. For this purpose, the Creek4D project, the measurement principle and the sensor technology used are shown. In addition, first measurement data and the calibration strategy are shown.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT OF BRACKISH WATER USING SOLAR STILLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu S. Kamat ◽  
Dilip D. Sarode
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Cost

Solar desalination technologies are becoming popular among the scientific community for the production of fresh water from the brackish water. Membrane technologies are expensive to be implemented on small scale. Solar stills have simple working principle and there is low cost associated with it. Varied configurations and modifications have been implemented to improve the performance of solar stills. Thermodynamic analysis has also been done for the same. However, it is important to also optimize various combinations of the operating parameters, including the cost-benefit analysis associated with it. This paper focuses on the review of the effects of various geometric and operating parameters, and also optimizing the thermodynamics to improve the performance of solar still.

Investigation on Soil Wetting Patterns of Low Cost Drip Irrigation Systems Developed in India

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Mondal . ◽  
R.K. Biswas . ◽  
V.K. Tewari . ◽  
K. Kundu . ◽  
Manisha Basu .
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Soil Wetting

scholarly journals Feasibility of Pairing a Low-Cost Positive Displacement Pump With Low-Energy Pressure Compensating Drip Irrigation Emitters for Smallholder Farms in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Engelkemier ◽  
Fiona Grant ◽  
Jordan Landis ◽  
Carolyn Sheline ◽  
Hannah Varner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Effective Manner

Abstract In low income countries, existing drip irrigation systems are cost prohibitive to many smallholder farmers. Companies are working to develop efficient, low-cost irrigation systems by using technologies such as positive displacement (PD) pumps and pressure compensating (PC) emitters. However, these two technologies have not been paired in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Here we describe a proof-of-concept pump control algorithm that demonstrates the feasibility of exploiting the physical relationship between the input electrical power to a PD pump and the hydraulic behavior of a system of PC emitters in order to determine the optimal pump operating point. The development and validation of this control algorithm was conducted in partnership with the Kenya-based irrigation company SunCulture. This control method is expected to reduce cost, improve system efficiency, and increase accessibility of irrigation systems to smallholder farmers.

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