scholarly journals LAYOUT AND DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF FILTERING WATER INTAKES FROM SHALLOW WATERCOURSES FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Shtanko ◽  
◽  
V. N. Shkura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydrographic Features ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Purpose: development of layout and design schemes for low-flow water intakes, arranged on shallow river and stream watercourses for supplying water to drip irrigation systems. Agricultural development of terraces and floodplains of small foothill and mountain streams actualizes the development of facilities for water intake from them for the purpose of irrigating land. Morphological and hydrographic features, including shallow low-water depths, high flow rates, flow rates variability, saturation with sediments, the presence of underflow and overflow runoff, etc., make water intake from such watercourses difficult and specific. These circumstances predetermine the relevance of water intake structures development corresponding to the specified conditions. Materials and Methods. When developing the layout and design schemes of low-flow water intakes from shallow watercourses, the technologies of exploratory design of engineering systems and structures were used. Results. With regard to the morphometric, hydrological and other conditions of shallow foothill and mountain streams, a water intake with a bottom water intake was adopted for development. The water intake part of headworks is designed in the form of a toe drain, which has under-flow and overflow intake parts that allow water intake from the channel and off-channel water streams. The toe is made of two or three layers of sand and gravel material. Drainage pipes or pipe filters are used as a drainage element. Depending on the conditions of the watercourse, water intakes with transverse, longitudinal and pocket-coastal placement of water intakes are proposed. Conclusion. The layout and design schemes of filtering water intakes from shallow watercourses based on the use of overflow, underflow and combined structures of multilayer drainage water intakes with stream (transverse and longitudinal) and off-channel (pocket-coastal) placement have been proposed and developed.

Modernizing irrigation systems in Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
J. W. Thiessen ◽  
R. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
River Basin Planning ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
The Cost

Extensive agricultural development of the Canadian prairies did not take place until after construction of the first transcontinental railway in 1885. Since that time, more than 400 000 ha has been developed for irrigation in the semiarid southwestern part of the region.Early irrigation systems were based on contour canals and gravity irrigation. These systems are now being rehabilitated to improve efficiency and to minimize future maintenance requirements. The cost of upgrading existing irrigation systems is less than the cost of constructing new areas of expansion.Competing demands exist for a limited supply of water in southern Alberta. River basin planning studies have provided an inventory of potentially irrigable lands and water supply. These studies provide important guidelines in plotting a course for future water management and irrigation development. Keywords: irrigation, capital works rehabilitation, expansion, cost-sharing, conveyance efficiency, seepage, canal lining, crops, drainage, water application methods, farm efficiency, river basin planning, water balance model.

scholarly journals Performance of irrigation systems located in the culture of sweet potato in Guaraciaba do Norte-CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
J. B. Martins Filho ◽  
M. F. Farias
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

Irrigation systems may exhibit variations in performance when poorly dimensioned or depending on the time of use. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of irrigation systems located by micro sprinkler and drip irrigation in the sweet potato crop in a family property in the municipality of Guaraciaba do Norte-CE. The property under study in this research has a total area of 2.5 ha. The area cultivated with sweet potatoes is 120 m2 with 50% of the area irrigated by drip irrigation and the remainder irrigated by micro sprinkler. In order to analyze the performance of the irrigation systems, the methodology proposed by Keller and Karmeli (1975) was adopted, in which the flow rates of the emitters are determined in pre-established positions. Were determined the coefficients of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC); coefficient of statistical uniformity (CUE); Hart uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD). Irrigation systems presented uniformity coefficients higher than 90%, for all the equations applied in this work, both also presented application efficiency higher than 85%. Due to the high coefficients of uniformity found it was concluded that the irrigation systems located on the property were well sized and mounted

scholarly journals Shape and Form Optimization of On-Line Pressure-Compensating Drip Emitters to Achieve Lower Activation Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulkit Shamshery ◽  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Production Run ◽  
On Line ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Line Pressure ◽  
Solar Powered

This study presents the design and validation of on-line pressure-compensating (PC) drip irrigation emitters with a substantially lower minimum compensating inlet pressure (MCIP) than commercially available products. A reduced MCIP, or activation pressure, results in a drip irrigation system that can operate at a reduced pumping pressure, has lower power and energy requirements, requires a lower initial capital cost, and facilitates solar-powered irrigation systems. The technology presented herein can help spread drip irrigation to remote regions and contribute to reducing poverty, particularly in developing countries. The activation pressures of drip emitters at three flow rates were minimized using a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization method coupled with a recently published fluid–structure interaction analytical model of on-line PC drip emitter performance. The optimization took into account manufacturing constraints and the need to economically retrofit existing machines to manufacture new emitters. Optimized PC drip emitter designs with flow rates of 3.3, 4.2, and 8.2 lph were validated using precision machined prototype emitters. The activation pressure for all was ≤0.2 bar, which is as low as 16.7% that of commercial products. A limited production run of injection molded 8.2 lph dripper prototypes demonstrated they could be made with conventional manufacturing techniques. These drippers had an activation pressure of 0.15 bar. A cost analysis showed that low MCIP drip emitters can reduce the cost of solar-powered drip irrigation systems by up to 40%.

scholarly journals SMALL-SCALE, LOW-COST FILTERS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103d-1103
Author(s):  
B. W. Roberts ◽  
C. W. O'Hern
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Cost

Drip irrigation systems are used extensively by commercial vegetable producers. Such systems permit precise water placement and efficient water utilization. Emitters in drip irrigation lines can easily become clogged if water supplies contain solid particles. Most farm water is not suitable for drip irrigation unless filters are used to remove solid particles from the water. Small scale or part time vegetable producers often find the cost of conventional filter systems to be a substantial financial investment.A filter which is small, lightweight, and portable was designed, built, and tested. The system is constructed from standard hardware and plumbing materials that can be purchased for less than $50. Construction time is four hours or less. The filter system works well for small scale operations that require low flow rates of water.Specifications for construction, including a materials parts list and construction details will be presented.

scholarly journals Justification for use and structural schemes of water intake-purification facilities in drip irrigation systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Shkura ◽  
◽  
A. S. Shtanko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Preliminary Purification ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Purpose: development of justification for the feasibility and possibility of application and structure schemes of filtering water intakes for water intake from canals, its preliminary purification and supply to drip irrigation systems. Materials and Methods. During development of justification, general and specific scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information on the advantages and disadvantages of filtering water intakes were used, and during the development of their designs, technologies of research design were used. Results and Discussion. It has been found that filtering water intakes can simultaneously perform the functions of water intake, trash barriers, fish protection and purification facilities. Structural flexibility and simplicity of performance, environmental friendliness, multifunctionality and high technical and economic indicators are the basic characteristics that made it possible to substantiate the feasibility of their application as water intake and treatment facilities for drip irrigation systems. As a result of the research, at the level of inventions, structural schemes of water intake structures with inlets equipped with filter panels with bottom and slope locations were developed. The water intakes provide for the arrangement of catchment and water storage containers, ensuring the water collection seeped through the filter panels and its subsequent drainage into the water conducting stream. The water intake structures provide for the possibility of selective water intake from the least polluted horizons of the water flow. The problematic issues of the use of filtering water intakes are noted in terms of the need to create a developed water intake front and periodic flushing or replacement of filtering panels. Conclusions. The feasibility of using water intake purification facilities, providing water intake from water sources and its preliminary treatment for the needs of drip irrigation systems, has been substantiated, as well as filtering water intakes designs recommended for the arrangement and use in drip irrigation systems are proposed.

scholarly journals FILTERING INTAKE WITH SCREEN FILTER OF FILTERING PANELS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS INTAKE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Shkura ◽  
◽  
A. S. Shtanko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Water Cleaning

Purpose: development of the filtering water intake design of water intake purification facilities intended for preliminary treatment and water supply to drip irrigation systems. Materials and Methods. The disadvantage of the known designs of filtering water intake structures is their clogging with suspensions in the water withdrawn from water sources. To eliminate this drawback in the design of water intakes equipped with filtering panels, it is proposed to use a device that protects the filter elements from contamination by covering their surface with a mesh cloth. Results. The proposed device provides for installing and moving screen filter over the surface of the filtering panels, removing it from water, cleaning or replacing it. The removal of the screen filter or perforated fabric from the canal up the slope is carried out by a lifting mechanism with the winding of the fabric onto the drum. Moving the fabric overlapping the filtering panels down the slope is carried out using a ballast rod equipped with a pair of wheels when the screen is released by the winding mechanism. The screen is cleaned from the pollutants accumulated on it above the water surface in the canal by a washing device, which provides for the use of water jets supplied to the lower surface of the web under pressure. The design allows the replacement of a clogged or damaged screen. Conclusions: the proposed design of the filtering intake with a device protecting the filtering panels from debris drawn by the water flow onto their surface increases the reliability of the filtering water intake for water withdrawal from the canal and its preliminary treatment from contaminants before delivering it into the water conduits of the drip irrigation system.

Identification and Management of Clustered Pellitory (Parietaria praetermissa) in Citrus Groves

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Biwek Gairhe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Steve Futch
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In Florida, clustered pellitory is becoming a troublesome weed for citrus, especially from the winter through early summer. Inadequate management of this weed can result in its heavy infestation in tree rows and can interrupt the spray pattern of low-volume drip irrigation systems. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department will assist Florida citrus growers with proper identification of clustered pellitory and with adoption of adequate and timely strategies to manage this weed in their groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Biwek Gairhe, Brent Sellers, and Steve Futch. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1341

Assessment of the Use of Humidified Nasal Cannulas for Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Epistaxis

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Tengfang Chen ◽  
Zhenggang Lv ◽  
Dezhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nasal Cannula ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Antiplatelet Drugs ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
Significant Difference

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In China, nasal cannula oxygen therapy is typically humidified. However, it is difficult to decide whether to suspend nasal cannula oxygen inhalation after the nosebleed has temporarily stopped. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary investigation on whether the use of humidified nasal cannulas in our hospital increases the incidence of epistaxis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a survey of 176,058 inpatients in our hospital and other city branches of our hospital over the past 3 years and obtained information concerning their use of humidified nasal cannulas for oxygen inhalation, nonhumidified nasal cannulas, anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, and oxygen inhalation flow rates. This information was compared with the data collected at consultation for epistaxis during these 3 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No significant difference was found between inpatients with humidified nasal cannulas and those without nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the incidence of consultations due to epistaxis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 1.007, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). The same trend was observed among hospitalized patients using anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs (χ<sup>2</sup> = 2.082, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). Among the patients with an inhaled oxygen flow rate ≥5 L/min, the incidence of ear-nose-throat (ENT) consultations due to epistaxis was 0. No statistically significant difference was found between inpatients with a humidified oxygen inhalation flow rate &#x3c;5 L/min and those without nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the incidence of ENT consultations due to epistaxis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.838, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of ENT consultations due to epistaxis between the low-flow nonhumidified nasal cannula and nonnasal cannula oxygen inhalation groups (χ<sup>2</sup> = 18.428, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The same trend was observed between the 2 groups of low-flow humidified and low-flow nonhumidified nasal cannula oxygen inhalation (χ<sup>2</sup> = 26.194, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Neither high-flow humidified nasal cannula oxygen inhalation nor low-flow humidified nasal cannula oxygen inhalation will increase the incidence of recurrent or serious epistaxis complications; the same trend was observed for patients who use anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs. Humidification during low-flow nasal cannula oxygen inhalation can prevent severe and repeated epistaxis to a certain extent.

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