scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDAL LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES ON POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY AND QUALITY OF STONE FRUITS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140c-1140
Author(s):  
Dangyang Ke ◽  
Adel A. Kader
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Low Oxygen

Fruits of peach (Prunus persica L., cv. `Fairtime') and plum (Prunus domestica L., cv. `Angeleno') were kept in air and in 0.25% or 0.02% O2 at 0, 5, or 10°C for 3 to 40 days to study the effects of temperatures and insecticidal low O2 atmospheres on their physiological responses and quality attributes. Exposure to low O2 atmospheres reduced respiration and ethylene production rates of the stone fruits. The low O2 treatments retarded color change and flesh softening of plums and maintained acidity of peaches. Exposure to the low O2 atmospheres also delayed incidence and reduced severity of internal breakdown (chilling injury) and decay of the peaches at 5°C and, therefore, maintained both external and internal appearance qualities of the fruits longer than those kept in air. The most important limiting factor for fruit tolerance to insecticidal low O2 atmospheres was development of alcoholic off-flavor which was associated with accumulation of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the fruits. The peaches and plums could tolerate exposures to the low O2 atmospheres for 9 to 40 days, depending on the temperature and O2 level used. These results suggest that stone fruits are quite tolerant to insecticidal low O2 atmospheres.

1-Methylcyclopropene treatment modifies postharvest behavior of Fantasia nectarines

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R DeEll ◽  
Dennis P Murr ◽  
Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Volatile Production ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, on the ripening and quality of Fantasia nectarines were examined. Fruit were harvested from two commercial orchards and subsequently exposed to 1 μL L-1 of 1-MCP for 24 h at 0°C. Following treatment, fruit were held at 0°C for 0, 2, or 4 wk, and then assessed for quality during a ripening period at 23°C. 1-MCP treatment improved postharvest firmness retention in nectarines after 0 and 2 wk at 0°C plus 4 days at 23°C. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) was lower in nectarines treated with 1 MCP and held for 0 or 4 wk at 0°C, compared with similar non-treated fruit. The peel ground color change from green to yellow was also delayed by 1-MCP. Nectarines treated with 1-MCP exhibited less CO2 and hydrophobic volatile production during 14 days at 23°C, compared with non-treated fruit. The overall inhibition of fruit ripening by 1-MCP appears transitory in Fantasia nectarines. Chilling injury was observed after 4 wk of storage at 0°C and 1-MCP-treated fruit had less visual chilling-related injury but greater chilling-induced flesh hardening. Further research is needed to determine the effects of 1-MCP on different chilling injury symptoms in nectarines. Key words: 1-MCP, fruit quality, ripening, storage, shelf-life, Prunus persica

scholarly journals Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits are Susceptible to Chilling Injury at the Breaker Stage of Ripeness

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Shin Lim ◽  
Seong Mo Kang ◽  
Jeoung Lai Cho ◽  
Kenneth C. Gross ◽  
Allan B. Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Temperature Storage

To study ripening-related chilling injury (CI) of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), fruit at mature green, breaker, and red-ripe stages were stored at 1, 5, 7, and 10 °C for 4 weeks. Surface pitting was evaluated after storage at 1 °C for 2 weeks followed by a 2-day exposure to room temperature (20 °C). Exposing fruit to 1 °C enhanced water loss, respiration, ethylene production, and electrolyte leakage, but slowed color change. Weight loss, respiration, ethylene production, electrolyte leakage, and color change increased more in breaker than in mature green and red-ripe fruit. No pitting symptom was observed at temperatures of 5 to 10 °C. After storing peppers at 1 °C for 2 weeks, breaker stage fruit exhibited chilling symptoms of severe surface pitting with more sheet pitting and deeper peel depression. Mature green fruit showed only moderate pitting. However, red-ripe peppers showed no injury and cells showed a normal appearance after low-temperature storage (1 °C). These results show that bell peppers tended to be more susceptible to chilling temperature while at the breaker stage and that the increase in visible CI is correlated with increased water loss, respiration, ethylene production, electrolyte leakage, and color change during storage.

Temperature and Ultra Low Oxygen Effects and Involvement of Ethylene in Chilling Injury of ‘Rojo Brillante’ Persimmon Fruit

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Orihuel-Iranzo ◽  
M. Miranda ◽  
L. Zacarías ◽  
M.T. Lafuente
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Persimmon Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Action

The effects of storage temperature, inhibition of ethylene action by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ultra low oxygen (ULO) atmosphere on chilling injury (CI), fruit firmness and ethylene production in the astringent ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit were investigated. CI symptoms were manifested as a very dramatic loss of firmness after fruit transfer from cold storage to shelf-life conditions (18 °C). During cold storage, fruit softening appeared more rapidly in fruit stored at the intermediate temperature of 10 °C than at 1°C or 14.5 °C. Ethylene production increased with storage time at the chilling temperature (1 °C) but a sharp increase took place upon fruit transfer from 1 °C to ambient temperature. This ethylene increase was accompanied by a loss of fruit firmness associated with chilling damage development. A pre-treatment with the competitive inhibitor of ethylene action 1-MCP, at 1 μL/L, reduced firmness loss and mitigated CI damage but considerably increased ethylene production in fruit transferred to shelf-life conditions after a prolonged cold storage period. Collectively, these results suggest a role of ethylene in the reduction of flesh firmness and consequently in the induction of CI in persimmon fruit. Moreover, ethylene exerts a negative feedback regulation of cold-induced ethylene biosynthesis. Storage of ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit under ULO (1.3—1.8% O2, v/v) atmosphere did not affect the incidence of CI but reduced fruit astringency, suggesting that ULO may be an alternative postharvest storage system for ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit.

scholarly journals Extension of the Postharvest Life of Nectarine Using Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Potassium Permanganate Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Erdinc Bal
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Modified Atmosphere

The effects of combinations of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) based ethylene scrubbers on the storage life and fruit quality of nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Bayramiç Beyazı) were investigated. Three different types of ethylene sachets (contained 3, 7 and 10 g KMnO4) were used and placed beside fruits in polypropylene baskets then lined with MAP. Fruits were stored at 0-1°C and 90% relative humidity throughout 40 day. During the cooling storage period, O2 and CO2 percentage in MAP, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total antioxidant content and chilling injury (CI) were determined at 10 day interval. KMnO4 treated fruits had shown delayed ripening, reduced respiration and retained of higher firmness. As the dose of KMnO4 treatment increased, it was determined more positive effect on fruit quality. 10 g KMnO4 treatment was most effective in the retention of higher biochemical compounds and inhibition of CI symptoms. The results indicate that KMnO4 treatment, as well as MAP application, should be highly recommended for retaining the fruit quality of cold-stored ‘Bayramiç Beyazı’ nectarines and fruits treated with 10 g doses of KMnO4 could be stored for 40 days with good quality.

scholarly journals Tergitol-TMN-6 Surfactant Is an Effective Blossom Thinner for Stone Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spray Volume

Effects of Tergitol-TMN-6 surfactant on blossom thinning (fruit set), fruit quality, and yield were studied in different cultivars of peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) during 2003 to 2005, and in one cultivar of nectarine Prunus persica [L.] in one orchard and one cultivar of plum (Prunus domestica [L.]) in two orchards in 2004. In addition to Tergitol-TMN-6, effects of Crocker's fish oil (CFO) alone in three peach cultivars or in combination with lime sulfur in a nectarine cultivar were studied on fruit set, quality, and yield. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 5 mL·L–1 or higher rates, applied at about 75% to 85% bloom, reduced fruit set without russeting peach fruit. Peach fruit size was often increased by Tergitol-TMN-6 treatment. Applications of Tergitol at 20 mL·L–1 or 30 mL·L–1 excessively thinned peaches. Tergitol-TMN-6 at all rates burned foliage, but the symptoms disappeared after a few weeks without any adverse effects on tree productivity. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 7.5 mL·L–1 or 10 mL·L–1, applied either once at about 80% to 85% bloom or twice at 35% bloom and again at 80% to 85% bloom, reduced fruit set without any fruit russeting in nectarine. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 7.5 mL·L–1 to 12.5 mL·L–1 reduced fruit set in `Empress' plum. CFO at 30 mL·L–1 was effective in blossom thinning of some peach cultivars. A combination of lime sulfur and CFO was not effective in blossom thinning of nectarine. Considering results from several orchards in different locations in the Pacific Northwest over 3 years, Tergitol-TMN-6 is an excellent blossom thinner for peach, nectarine, and plum at rates of 7.5 to 12.5 mL·L–1, sprayed at a spray volume of 1870.8 L·ha–1 when about 75% to 85% blooms are open.

scholarly journals Optimization of germination and initial quality of seedlings of Prunus persica tree rootstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Rauny Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Oscar José Smiderle ◽  
Valmor João Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Abstract: The present study evaluated the germination potential of seeds from eight peach tree rootstocks under different stratification methods, aiming at the production of high quality seedlings. In the first experiment, seeds with endocarp from eight genotypes (‘Aldrighi’, ‘Capdeboscq’, ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Okinawa’, ‘Okinawa roxo’, ‘Tsukuba 1’, ‘Tsukuba 2’, ‘Tsukuba 3’) were stratified on sand and moist vermiculite, at 7 ºC for 60 days. In the second experiment, endocarpless seeds of the same genotypes were stratified on Petri dishes at 7 ºC. In the third experiment, the time at which at least 75% of the seedlings reached transplanting height (15 cm high) was verified. The endocarp was a limiting factor for seed germination of the eight rootstocks, since the highest germination percentages were 21% and 48.3% for ‘Aldrighi’ and ‘Capdeboscq’, respectively. Germination of ‘Okinawa’ was only 19.2% and 4.2%, in sand and vermiculite, respectively. Seeds stratified without the endocarp, showed 100% germination, except for ‘Flordaguard’ and ‘Tsukuba 2’ and 3’, with 93% germination. Seed mass presented a positive correlation with the germination speed index and the initial growth of the seedlings. ‘Aldrighi’ and ‘Capdeboscq’ presented more vigorous seedlings with greater growth in height, stem diameter, and Dickson quality index.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethylene-Insensitive Mutation etr2b on Postharvest Chilling Injury in Zucchini Fruit

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Alicia García ◽  
Encarnación Aguado ◽  
Gustavo Cebrián ◽  
Jessica Iglesias ◽  
Jonathan Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Injury Tolerance ◽  
Stress Metabolites ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Zucchini is a vegetable fruit that is very susceptible to postharvest chilling injury, and fruit ethylene production is correlated with chilling injury sensitivity, such that the more tolerant the cultivar, the lower is its ethylene production. It is expected that zucchini fruit with reduced sensitivity to ethylene would have a higher chilling injury tolerance. In this study, we compared the postharvest fruit quality of wild type and ethylene-insensitive mutant etr2b, in which a mutation was identified in the coding region of the ethylene receptor gene CpETR2B. Flowers from homozygous WT (wt/wt), mutant plants in homozygous (etr2b/etr2b) and heterozygous (wt/etr2b) were hand-pollinated, and all fruits were harvested with the same length, at about 8 days after pollination. After harvesting, fruit of each genotype was randomly divided in 3 batches of 12 fruits each (four replications with three fruits each), and then stored at 4 °C and 95% RH. At 0, 7, and 14 days after cold storage, each batch was used to assess ethylene production, respiration rate, weight and firmness loss, chilling injury, and oxidative stress metabolites. The results showed a lower chilling injury associated with lower cold-induced ethylene production in the mutant fruit, in comparison with the WT fruit. These data demonstrated that the ethylene-insensitive etr2b mutant fruit was more tolerant to chilling injury, confirming that basal ethylene in the still undamaged fruit could function as a modulator of post-harvest chilling injury. Moreover, the higher chilling tolerance of the etr2b mutant fruit was not associated with MDA content, but was concomitant with a reduction in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the refrigerated mutant fruit.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Physiological Responses of Melting-and Nonmelting-flesh Peaches to Postharvest Chilling

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Brovelli ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Wayne B. Sherman ◽  
Charles A. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Intercellular Spaces

A study to compare the response to postharvest chilling (4 °C) for up to 3 weeks of melting-flesh (MF)—FL 90-20, FL 90-21W, and FL 91-16—and nonmelting-flesh (NMF)—`Oro A', FL 90-35C, and FL 90-47C—peach (Prunus persica L.) genotypes revealed that MF fruit were notably more susceptible to the development of mealiness than NMF types. Cell separation in mealy fruit was demonstrated by the release of mesocarp cells to an aqueous medium, allowing determination of mealiness severity. At a histological level, chilling brought about an impressive expansion of the intercellular spaces in MF mesocarp tissue but did not affect NMF fruit. A decrease in flesh electrical resistance after 1 week of chilling was observed only in MF fruit. However, electrical resistance increased in MF and NMF fruit following 2 and 3 weeks at 4 °C. Electrical resistance also decreased with ripening of MF fruit but did not change when NMF fruit were ripened. Unlike NMF fruit, the MF genotypes FL 90-21W and FL 91-16 showed an increase in respiration rate due to chilling. The rate of ethylene production decreased after 1 week at 4 °C in MF and NMF genotypes. However, two MF and two NMF genotypes exhibited rising ethylene levels after the second week of storage at 4 °C, while ethylene production in one MF and one NMF genotype continued to decline.

scholarly journals Prestorage Low-oxygen Atmosphere Treatment Reduces Chilling Injury Symptoms in `Fuerte' Avocado Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Pesis ◽  
Rosa Marinansky ◽  
Giora Zauberman ◽  
Yoram Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Avocado Fruit

Prestorage treatment of avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill. cv. Fuerte) with a low-O2 atmosphere (3% O2 + 97% N2) for 24 hours at 17C, significantly reduced chilling injury (CI) symptoms after storage at 2C for 3 weeks. Fruit softening was also delayed by this treatment. The treated fruit had lower respiration and ethylene production rates during storage at 2C and subsequently at 17C. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in peel disks from treated fruit. Reducing power, expressed as total sulfhydryl groups, was higher in the peel and pulp of low-O2-treated fruit. The amount of peel chlorophyll was inversely correlated with the severity of CI symptoms.

Effects of a Combination of 1-MCP, CaCl2 Treatment and Slow Cooling on Postharvest Physiology of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ Peach during Storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1076-1080
Author(s):  
Shi Jie Yan ◽  
Li Ya Liang ◽  
Zhao Chun Ma ◽  
Ru Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Postharvest Physiology ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Cacl2 Treatment

Effects of a combination of 1-MCP, CaCl2 treatment and slow cooling on postharvest physiology of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ peach were investigated. Respiration rate, ethylene production, firmness, juice contents and percentage of good fruit were studied to evaluate the quality of peach. The results showed that 1-MCP, CaCl2 treatment reduced the amount of respiration rate and ethylene production, delayed the appearence of ethylene peak, prolonged softening, restrained the chilling injury of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ peach after harvest. Slow cooling method had better effect and could delay the incidence of physiological disorder and maintained good quality during storage.

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