GERMINATION OF VERBENA SEED IN RESPONSE TO PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Verbena seed when harvested, has a natural dormancy that gradually dissipates during a 5 to 8 month period of dry storage. In this study, the gradual loss of the dormancy causing factor was correlated with germination percentage. Acetone treatment of verbena seeds was found to cause a slight, but non-significant, reduction in total germination. However, the infusion of gibberellic acid (GA4/7) and kinetin (KIN) with the acetone at various concentrations improved germination. The traditional method of seed osmoconditioning using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 8000) at -1.0 MPa caused a non-significant reduction in percent germination, similar to that with acetone. When growth regulators were mixed with the osmoconditioning solution, at the concentrations used with acetone, a definite and significant improvement in terms of rate and percent of germination was observed.

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Manipulating dormancy of capeweed (Arctotheca calendulaL.) seed

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258500004037 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ali Tadayyon Chaharsoghi ◽

Brent Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Natural Conditions

AbstractCapeweed (Arctotheca calendula) seeds were found to be dormant at harvest. Effects of duration and temperature of storage under ‘laboratory’ and ‘natural’ conditions, growth regulators, stratification and age of seeds, were studied on the germination of dormant seeds. Three factors imposed on seeds were found to promote germination of capeweed: (i) allowing seed to age, either in storage, buried in soil or during stratification (germination of 18-month-old seeds was up to 60% higher than that of fresh seeds); (ii) the presence of light (the average germination percentage of seeds exposed to light during storage was 3.2-fold greater than that of seed stored in the dark); and (iii) the application of growth regulators, particularly gibberellic acid, enhanced by scarification (GA3and ethephon promoted germination by up to 58% when applied to scarified seeds). Other factors, e.g. temperature and depth of storage, influenced germination but were less critical to its success. These results provide a preliminary assessment of the importance of these factors in controlling dormancy in seeds of capeweed.

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Germination and Emergence of Parsley in Response to Osmotic or Matric Seed Priming and Treatment with Gibberellin

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.5.907 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 907-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wallace G. Pill ◽

Elizabeth A. Kilian

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Petroselinum Crispum ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Emergence Percentage

`Moss Curled' seeds of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) were primed osmotically in polyethylene glycol or matrically in fine, exfoliated vermiculite at –0.5 MPa for 4 or 7 days at 20 or 30 °C with 0 or 1 mm GA3. All priming treatments stimulated and hastened germination. Matric priming resulted in greater germination (89%) than osmotic priming (83%) when seeds were primed for 7 days at 30 °C, but priming agent had no effect on germination percentage following priming at 20 °C or for 4 days. In seeds primed for 4 days at 20 or 30 °C, matric priming hastened germination more than did osmotic priming. Germination was generally less synchronous with matric than with osmotic priming. Increasing priming time from 4 to 7 days increased the rate of germination, but increased germination synchrony only when seeds were primed at 20 °C. Inclusion of 1 mm GA3 during priming had little or no effect on germination. All matric priming treatments (other than 4-day priming) were repeated to assess seedling emergence in a greenhouse (25°C day/22 °C night). Priming increased the percentage, rate and synchrony of emergence, and increased hypocotyl length at 3 weeks after planting. Priming at 30 °C with 1 mm GA3 resulted in the greatest emergence percentage, hypocotyl length, and shoot dry weight. We conclude that matric priming is a satisfactory alternative to osmotic priming of parsley seeds. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

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Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Pepper Seedlings is Influenced by Environment Temperature and Priming Method

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i4.17831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 540

Author(s):

Glenda Sallaku ◽

Gjok Vuksani ◽

Astrit Balliu

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Early Growth ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Environment Temperature ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Peg 8000 ◽

Germination Parameters

The effects of different environment temperatures, priming treatments and priming durations on germination parameters and early growth of pepper seedlings were investigated. Seeds were hydro primed in distilled water, or osmo primed in two different water potentials (-0.15 and -0.5 MPa) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. Both, hydro primed and osmo primed seeds were subject of two different imbibitions periods, 48 and 72 hrs. In addition to primed seeds, an equal sample of non primed seeds was included in the experiment as a control variant. Following priming, the seeds were subjected to germination tests at two different environment temperatures, respectively 18 0C and 24 0C. In general, there was no significant effect of hydro priming on germination parameters or early growth of pepper seedlings. On the contrary, significantly higher germination percentage and germination speed and significantly shorter mean germination time than the non primed seeds were obtained due to seed osmo priming by PEG. Similarly, an enhanced seedling growth, especially under suboptimum temperature conditions was evidenced in PEG primed seedlings. Apart from germination speed, the increase of PEG concentration from -0.15 to -0.5 MPa had no effect to germination parameters of pepper seeds. The extent of the imbibitions period over 48 hrs did also have no benefits on germination parameters.

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Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Indole 3-Acetic Acid on Seed Germination Performance of Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Lam (Verdc)

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research ◽

10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i2.24 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Lalitha ◽

Haseena Rafath ◽

M. Subash

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Potential Growth ◽

Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The experiment was undertaken with an objective to investigate the effect of various concentrations of plant growth regulators, i.e., Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) on seed germination of Macrotyloma uniflorum. Seeds were soaked for 12 hours in different concentrations substances (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L) of IAA, GA3 and control set was soaked only in distilled water. Three replicates of each treatment with fifty seeds per replicate were arranged for precise physiological analysis. Significant variation was found in all aspects after analysis of variance (ANOVA) of each mean value. After two weeks of seed soaking, it was noted that germination percentages were significantly accelerated by lower concentrations (1 and 2 mg) of used hormones. Amongst the two potential growth regulators, 2 mg/L was found most effective because it showed highest germination percentage for IAA (93%) and GA3 (88%). A great deal of information relating to seed germination practices shows that these plant growth regulators were efficient in overcoming dormancy leading to rapid seed germination. IAA was selected as best hormone in this study, which showed highest seed germination (93%).

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Factors affecting germination of Myricagale seeds

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x89-167 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 1105-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christa R. Schwintzer ◽

Andrea Ostrofsky

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Dry Storage ◽

Wet Storage ◽

Absolute Requirement ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Extended Exposure

Several factors affecting seed germination were investigated in Myricagale L., a nitrogen fixing shrub common on wet soils. Light was essential: seeds failed to germinate in the dark and required four 16-h photoperiods (one per day) for maximum germination. There was no absolute requirement for prechilling, but prechilling increased germination by 75% in 2-month-old seeds and by 164% in 4.5 year-old seeds. Leaching did not affect germination and 500 ppm gibberellic acid enhanced germination only 20%. The seeds were long-lived: there was no decrease in percent germination during 6 years of dry storage at 5 °C and germination remained high after 1 year of wet storage at 5 °C. Because M. gale seeds often germinate on water-worked substrates, the requirement for extended exposure to light for germination may serve as a mechanism to prevent unsuccessful germination of seeds that are reburied after brief exposure to light as sediments are worked by water.

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Breaking seed dormancy of Tulipa scardica Bornm. and Tulipa kosovarica Kit Tan, Shuka & Krasniqi by pre-chilling, plant growth regulators and some chemical treatments

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bekim GASHI ◽

Mirsade OSMANI ◽

Sali ALIU

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Germination Time ◽

Mean Germination Time

Tulipa scardica and T. kosovarica are rare, endemic and endangered plants in Kosovo. This research was carried out to study the dormancy breaking treatment in Tulipa scardica and T. kosovarica seeds by pre-chilling and various concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO3), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, thiourea and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The experiment was conducted with untreated seeds (without stratification) and with stratified seeds (8 weeks) and treated with different concentration of some chemicals and plant growth regulators. Results showed that the final germination percentage (FGP) of seeds without stratification at both Tulipa plant species was zero, while germination was enhanced by pre-chilling (stratification) especially after treatment of these seeds by above mentioned treatments. Both Tulipa species showed an increase in mean germination time (MGT), an indication of slower germination, as different chemicals or plant growth regulators increased. Depending on treatments, germination was ranging from 80 % to 90 %, the maximum germination was detected in seeds treated with KNO3, GA3, and their combination, while the minimum germination in seeds without treatments and treated with thiourea. The conservation of these plants in botanic gardens by cultivation or propagation for commercial use as ornamental plants could give an effective contribution to the conservation of these plants. Abbreviations: KNO3 – potassium nitrate; GA3 - gibberellic acid; H2SO4 – sulfuric acid; FGP – final germination percentage; MGT – mean germination time

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Priming Leek Seed for Improved Germination and Emergence at High Temperature

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1077 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 1077-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carlos A. Parera ◽

Daniel J. Cantliffe

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

High Temperature ◽

Seed Germination ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Coefficient Of Velocity ◽

Peg 8000

`Verina' leek (AIlium porrum L.) seed germination is normally reduced at temperatures > 25C. Leek seeds were primed in aerated solutions (1.5 MPa, 10 days at 15C) of d-mannitol (mannitol), polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG), KNO, and a nonaerated solution of PEG-8000 (PEG). At high temperatures mannitol, PEG, and PEG significantly enhanced germination percentage relative to KNO, or the control. At constant 30C, the mannitol, PEG, and PEG treatments increased final germination almost 10 times and the coefficient of velocity (COV) was improved compared to KNO, and the control. 10 growth chambers with alternating day/night temperatures (38 to 28C or 32 to 22C, 10 to 14 hours, respectively), primed seeds had significantly higher emergence and a larger COV than the control. In a greenhouse study under good conditions for germination, total emergence of primed and nonprimed seeds was similar; however, mannitol, PEG, and PEG led to a significantly higher COV than the control or KNO, treatments. These controlled-environment results demonstrate that priming leek seeds via mannitol, PEG, and PEG may promote early emergence at high temperature and improve stand uniformity for container transplant production.

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Response of highbush blueberry seed germination to gibberellin A3 and 6N-benzyladenine

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b89-412 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 3391-3393 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I. M. Dweikat ◽

P. M. Lyrene

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Gibberellin A3 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Germinated Seeds

Open-pollinated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) seeds were treated with 0, 2.6, 5.2, 10.4, or 20.8 mM gibberellic acid, 0, 0.4, 2.2, or 4.4 mM 6N-benzyladenine, or the two growth regulators in combination. Seeds were treated for 24 h, then germinated under intermittent mist during summer with temperatures fluctuating between 21 and 40 °C. Germinated seeds were counted weekly from day 15 to day 30, using hypocotyl exposure to indicate germination. Treatment with gibberellic acid at 10.4 mM in combination with 6N-benzyladenine at 0.4 to 2.2 mM gave the highest germination percentage. The relationship between gibberellic acid concentration and seed germination was cubic. Seedlings from the germinated seed flowered and fruited the following spring, making it possible for highbush blueberry to complete a generation in 1 year.

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Use of growth regulators as priming agent for improvement of seed vigour in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i1.752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 84-87

Author(s):

Bhim Jyoti ◽

S. S. Gaurav ◽

Usha Pant

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Seed Vigour

Seeds of tomato cv. Keabi were primed with of three important growth regulators viz Gibberellic acid (GA3), Napthlene acetic acid (NAA) and potassium nitrate (KNO3). Four concentration of each, Gibberellic acid and Napthlene acitic acid (25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm.100ppm) and two concentration of KNO3 (1% and 2%) were compared with the distilled water as control. For each treatment seeds were soaked in growth regulator for 24 hrs before put for the germination test. Fifty seeds in four replications were germinated on top of paper at 200C in seed germinator for 14 days. Normally germinated seedlings were counted which gave an estimation of germination percentage. Data was recorded on the germination percentage, shoot length, seed vigour index. Most of the treatments had significant positive effect on all the quality parameters. NAA had showed adverse effect on the root length while other growth regulators were found to be significant role to improve the root length. Maximum seed germination (74%) was observed at 50 and 75ppm GA3. Highest shoot length (4.83cm) was found at 25ppm of GA3 whereas enhancement of root length occurred with the priming of 1% KNO3 (3.52cm ). Seed vigour-I, on the basis of seedling length was observed higher at 25ppm. GA3 (720) and seed vigour â€“II on the basis of seedling dry weight was also observed maximum priming with 100ppm GA3 (1460). From this study it was suggested that GA3 priming has important growth regulator to enhance the seed germination as well as seed vigour. Before sowing seed should be priming with GA3 for obtaining high % germination and vigorous seedling that survive under adverse condition it also increase the uniformity of field plant stand.

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MATRIC AND OSMOTIC PRIMING OF PURPLE CONEFLOWER

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.256f ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 256F-256

Author(s):

Cynthia Crossan ◽

Wallace Pill

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Solid Matrix ◽

Greenhouse Trial ◽

Purple Coneflower ◽

Expanded Vermiculite ◽

Emergence Rate

Seeds of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench were osmotically primed (OSP) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) or matrically primed in expanded vermiculite No. 5 (solid matrix priming, SMP). With both OSP or SHP at 15C, 10-day exposure to -0.4 MPa resulted in lowered time to 50% germination (T,) and higher germination percentage than shorter exposure (5-day) or lower water potential (-1.5 MPa). SMP- and OSP-seeds performed similarly in a greenhouse trial, resulting in 80% and 34% seedling emergence at 23C and 37C, respectively, compared to 58% and 27% for non-primed seeds. Seedling emergence rate and synchrony from primed seeds were greater than from non-primed seeds at both temperatures. An incubator study established that adding 10-4M GA3 and 10 mN ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to the PEG or vermiculite resulted in lower T50 and higher germination percentage than priming without these growth regulators. A further incubator study established that less-expensive trade products (Pro-Gibb Pius 2X) and Florel could substitute for the reagent-grade growth regulators. Seeds primed in PEG or vermiculite containing 10-4M GA3 from Pro-Gibb Plus 2X and 10 mM ethephon from Floral had lower T50 and higher percentage emergence in a greenhouse trial than seeds primed without growth regulators. Compared to the non-primed seeds, these treated seeds had 29% greater seedling emergence and 61% less time to 50% emergence.

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