scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SOIL SOLARIZATION ON GROWTH AND UNEVEN RIPENING OF `CARLOS' MUSCADINE GRAPES

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 486e-486
Author(s):  
C. Stevens ◽  
V. A. Khan ◽  
J. Y. Lu ◽  
M. K. Kabwe ◽  
Z. Haung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Soil Temperature ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

In 1988 and 1989 a muscadine vineyard at Tuskegee, Alabama was treated by post soil solarization (PSS) (covering of moist soil around muscadine plants with clear polyethylene plastic mulch to achieve high soil temperature) for 30 and 75 days, respectively. The average soil temperature in 1989 of 50 and 35 C at 5cm depth for solarized and bare soil, respectively during PSS. The results showed no visible detrimental effect on `Carlos' muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) from the increased heating of the soil. And the grape plants grown in solarized soils showed increases in growth response e.g. increased yield, revitalization of new softwood vines, vine weight/plant, etc. Uneven ripening of muscadine grapes was reduced on plants grown in PSS over bare soil as indicated by the increases in the percent soluble solids content of grape berries.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POST PLANT SOIL SOLARIZATION ON BLACK ROT OF 'CARLOS' MUSCADINE GRAPE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169f-1169
Author(s):  
C. Stevens ◽  
V. A. Khan ◽  
J. Y. Lu ◽  
M. A. Wilson ◽  
Z. Haung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Guignardia Bidwellii ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Leaf Lesion ◽  
High Soil Temperature

In 1988 and 1989 a muscadine vineyard at Tuskegeee, Alabama was treated by post plant soil solarization (PSS) (covering of moist soil around 'Carlos' muscadine plants (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) with clear polyethylene plastic mulch to achieve high soil temperature for 30 and 75 days, respectively during PSS. Grape plants grown in solarized soils showed increases in growth response such as increased yield. Foliage of grape plants was evaluated for reaction to black rot incited by Guignardia bidwellii. A significant reduction of the foliage disease black rot was observed. The number of lesions per leaf, lesion size and percent leaves with lesions were significantly reduced by as much as 56% up to three years after solarization.

scholarly journals BERRY RESPONSE OF MUSCADINE GRAPES TO ORGANIC CHEMICAL APPLICATION DURING MATURATION AND RIPENING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168b-1168
Author(s):  
Fouad M. Basiouny
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

Malonic acid, 3(3,4 dichlorophenyl)–1, 1 dimethyurea, Gibberellic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid were applied to muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx) during maturation and ripening. Total soluble solids, sugars, anthocyanin contents, and other fruit qualities were affected. 3(3,4 dichlorophenyl)–1, 1 dimethylurea (diuron) seemed to induce better and different effects than the other chemicals.

scholarly journals Weed Suppression in Pumpkin by Mulches Composed of Organic Municipal Waste Materials

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Splawski ◽  
Emilie E. Regnier ◽  
S. Kent Harrison ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
James D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Squash Bug ◽  
Black Plastic

Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare mulch treatments of shredded newspaper, a combination of shredded newspaper plus turfgrass clippings (NP + grass), hardwood bark chips, black polyethylene plastic, and bare soil on weeds, insects, soil moisture, and soil temperature in pumpkins. Newspaper mulch or black plastic reduced total weed biomass ≥90%, and woodchip or NP + grass mulch each reduced total weed biomass 78% compared with bare soil under high rainfall conditions in 2011. In 2012, under low rainfall, all mulches reduced weed biomass 97% or more compared with bare soil. In both years, all mulches resulted in higher squash bug infestations than bare soil. The woodchip, newspaper, and NP + grass mulches retained higher soil moistures than bare soil or black plastic over the course of each growing season, and the woodchip and NP + grass mulches caused greatest fluctuations in soil temperature. Pumpkin yields were abnormally low in 2011 and did not differ among treatments. In 2012, all mulches produced greater total marketable pumpkin fruit weights compared with bare soil, but only black plastic, newspaper, and NP + grass mulches resulted in greater total numbers of marketable pumpkins. Overall results indicate that shredded newspaper or NP + grass mulches may be useful for organic and/or small-scale urban crop producers as sustainable alternatives to black plastic mulch; however, their weed suppression efficacy may require higher application rates with increasing moisture conditions, and they may require greater squash bug control measures than under bare soil conditions.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics of Mulches and Their Impact on Crop Response and Profitability in Muskmelon Production

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Brandenberger ◽  
Bob Wiedenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Base Selection

Using polyethylene mulches has increased earliness, yields, and fruit quality in muskmelon, resulting in their extensive use for melon production with numerous commercial products. However, two problems are associated with polyethylene use: removal and disposal following production. Organic mulches are potential alternatives but, in this study, resulted in significantly lower soil temperatures than all other treatments and generally had lower yields. Soil temperature, yield, fruit size and percent soluble solids were increased by polyethylene mulches compared to bare soil. Crop response differences between polyethylene mulches were not significant for most characteristics measured. There were significant differences in durability and ease of removal of polyethylene mulches. Based our results, durability and ease of removal are the main characteristics on which to base selection. Proper mulch selection can reduce removal costs and enable commercial producers to leave a mulch in place for the production of a second crop.

scholarly journals The Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Andersen ◽  
Ali Sarkhosh ◽  
Dustin Huff ◽  
Jacque Breman
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

The muscadine grape is native to the southeastern United States and was the first native grape species to be cultivated in North America. The natural range of muscadine grapes extends from Delaware to central Florida and occurs in all states along the Gulf Coast to east Texas. It also extends northward along the Mississippi River to Missouri. Muscadine grapes will perform well throughout Florida, although performance is poor in calcareous soils or in soils with very poor drainage. Most scientists divide the Vitis genus into two subgenera: Euvitis (the European, Vitis vinifera L. grapes and the American bunch grapes, Vitis labrusca L.) and the Muscadania grapes (muscadine grapes). There are three species within the Muscadania subgenera (Vitis munsoniana, Vitis popenoei and Vitis rotundifolia). Euvitis and Muscadania have somatic chromosome numbers of 38 and 40, respectively. Vines do best in deep, fertile soils, and they can often be found in beside river beds.  Wild muscadine grapes are functionally dioecious due to incomplete stamen formation in female vines and incomplete pistil formation in male vines. Male vines account for the majority of the wild muscadine grape population. Muscadine grapes are late in breaking bud in the spring and require 100-120 days to mature fruit. Typically, muscadine grapes in the wild bear dark fruit with usually 4 to 10 fruit per cluster. Bronze-fruited muscadine grapes are also found in the wild, and they are often referred to as scuppernongs. There are hundreds of named muscadine grape cultivars from improved selections, and in fact, one that has been found in the Scuppernong river of North Carolina has been named Scuppernong. There are over 100 improved cultivars of muscadine grapes that vary in size from 1/4 to 1 ½ inches in diameter and 4 to 15 grams in weight. Skin color ranges from light bronze to pink to purple to black. Flesh is clear and translucent for all muscadine grape berries. Originally published 1994 by Peter C. Anderson and Timothy E. Crocker. Published on EDIS June 2003. Revised November 2010, October 2013, January 2017. This revision with Sarkhosh and Huff.

scholarly journals NIR Analysis of Intact Grape Berries: Chemical and Physical Properties Prediction Using Multivariate Analysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Teodora Basile ◽  
Antonio Domenico Marsico ◽  
Rocco Perniola
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Level Of Experience

Texture characteristics are valuable parameters in the perceived quality and overall acceptability of fresh fruit. The characterization of grape texture attributes, such as firmness and crunchiness, is usually performed by sensory analysis or instrumental texture analysis. Both methodologies are destructive. Hence, it is not possible to test multiple times or perform any other analysis on the same sample. In this article, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to intact berries of table grape cv. Regal Seedless. NIR spectra were employed to predict both the physical parameter “hardness”, which is correlated with the crunchiness of berry flesh and the sweetness, which is correlated with the total soluble solids content (TSS, as °Brix). The chemometric analysis was carried out exclusively based on an open-source software environment, producing results readily usable for any operator, besides the specific level of experience with NIR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Weed Seed Inhibition under Solarization Treatment with Different Mulch Color in Tropical Highland Organic Farming System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Uswatun Nurjanah ◽  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi ◽  
Sigit Sudjatmiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
System P ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Organic Farming System

Status: PostprintAbstract— Weeds are the major problem in organic crop production. Soil solarization is a method using clear plastic films to increase soil temperature to control pest organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and weed seeds. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different plastic mulch color on weed seed inhibition. The experiment was carried out in CAPS Research Station located in Air Duku Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia at 1054 m above sea level, arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 replications. Treatments comprised 4 different colors of plastic films, i.e silver-black, black, clear, and red as well as control (without mulch). Plastic mulch was laid on 1 m wide x 2 m long raised soil bed for four weeks from April 20–May 23, 2016. Soil temperature underneath plastic mulch at depth of 5, 10, 15, 20 cm from the surface were measured daily at noon. After incubation, soil sample was collected from 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20 cm depths. Weed seed germination of each soil sample was tested in the greenhouse. A number of weeds were observed after four weeks. The experiment indicated that a month of soil solarization using clear plastic mulch resulted in greatest soil temperature, increasing by 0.54-1.84% as compared to control. Treatment of plastic mulches was effective to suppress seed inhibition at the soil depth of 0-15 cm, as indicated by numbers of germinated weed and its dry matter. Longer soil solarization is necessary to obtain the highest reduction of weed growth in tropical highland organic farming system.

scholarly journals Effects of Berry Thinning on the Physicochemical, Aromatic, and Sensory Properties of Shine Muscat Grapes

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ok Choi ◽  
Dongjun Im ◽  
Seo Jun Park ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Su Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Ripening Rate ◽  
Solids Content

The effects of the level of berry thinning (30% and 50% berry removal) on the quality and sensory properties of Shine Muscat grapes were investigated. As berry thinning increased, the total soluble solids content increased and titratable acidity decreased. Berry thinning increased berry size and cluster weight but caused no change in individual berry weight. Phenolic concentrations as measured by total phenolic, proanthocyanidin, and polymeric tannin concentrations tended to increase with an increase in berry thinning. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated that C6-compounds were the significant constituents of volatile alcohols and aldehydes; linalool was the most abundant monoterpene. Odor activity analysis indicated that (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-β-damascenone, linalool, and (E)-linalool oxide were active odorants. Berry thinning increased the accumulation of linalool contributing to high sensory flavor scores in thinned berries. Furthermore, its oxidized derivative-linalool oxide-contributed to enhancing the Muscat flavor. In conclusion, berry thinning induced compositional changes in Shine Muscat grape berries by accelerating the ripening rate, contribution to improved sensory properties.

scholarly journals Vine Vigor and Fruit Characteristics of Muscadine Grapes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 826C-826
Author(s):  
Zhongbo Ren* ◽  
Jiang Lu* ◽  
Xia Xu*
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

Muscadine grape industry in the southeastern United Sates is expanding in recent years. To provide necessary information for the growing industry, 50 muscadine grape cultivars were evaluated for vigor and fruit characteristics at Florida A&M Univ., Tallahassee, Fla. Vine vigor was measured by winter pruning weight and varied from 5.4 lb/vine to 35.7 lb/vine. Among these cultivars, Triumph, Summit, and Tara were the least vigorous, while `Carlos', `Fry Seedless', and `Gold Isle' produced the most pruning weight. Dry scar ranged from 60.6% (Darlene) to 97.7% (Dixie Red). Among the most important table grapes, `Nesbitt', `Alachua', `Jumbo', `Fry', `Triumph', and `Scarlete' showed more than 70% of dry scars. Fruit rot ranged from 0.3% (Gold Isle) to 31.8% (Dixie Land). `Noble', `Scarlet', `Nesbitt', and `Carlos' were the important cultivars with less than 5% rotted fruits. Commercial fruit index were different significantly among the cultivars, ranged from 45.5% to 96.4%. Higher commercial fruit index of table grapes were found with `Magnolia', `Rosa', `Scarlet', and `Tara', while `Dixie Land' (45.5%) was the least. Seeds per fruit varied among the cultivars, ranging from 2.4 to 4.9. Fewer fruit seeds were found in `Fry' and `Nesbitt', while `Granny Val', `Senoria', `Darlene' and `Triumph' had more seeds per fruit than the others. Seed size also differed among the cultivars. `Sugar Pop' had the largest seeds (0.144 g/seed), which was twice as the size of the smallest seeds of `Welder' (0.056 g/seed). Fruit soluble solids content (SSC) ranged from 11.7% to 16.9% among the cvs. evaluated. Higher SSCs were found in `Welder', `Fry Seedless', `Scarlet', and `Cowart', while `Senoria' and `Jumbo' had relatively low SSC.

scholarly journals The Effects of Plastic Mulch Systems on Soil Temperature and Moisture in Central Ontario

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Snyder ◽  
Amanda Grant ◽  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Bryon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Films ◽  
Mulch Films ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Canada Data ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

The impact of polyolefin-based agricultural mulch films (including clear, black, and white-on-black films) on soil temperature and moisture content was studied, using a bare plot as a control, over a 4-month period in central Ontario, Canada. Data indicate a negative correlation between the change in soil temperature under the films relative to bare soil and the absolute value of bare soil temperature. Additionally, a negative correlation between the effect of films on soil moisture and the moisture level of bare soil was indicated. All mulch films demonstrated qualitatively similar ability to insulate the soil from extremes in both temperature and moisture, suggesting a potentially reduced need for irrigation and protecting against early frost, high temperatures, overwatering, and drought.

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