Lossless Watermarking Algorithm Based on Multiple-Base Notational System and Pixel Difference

In order to identify the authenticity of the industrial packaging, the solution to the current watermark technology is mainly to embed the same watermark capacity into each pixel value in the image, so that the watermark capacity is small, and the anti-distortion performance is not good. Data watermarking algorithm based on system and pixel difference. First divide the carrier image into non-overlapping sub-blocks, and calculate the pixel difference of each sub-block; introduce a hybrid system to obtain different bases. According to the pixel difference, the base selection rule is defined; considering the human visual characteristics, the pixel interval adaptive adjustment mechanism is designed to improve the coding technology and complete the watermark information embedding; finally, the watermark information extraction mechanism is established to restore the watermark. The experimental results show that compared with the current data watermarking algorithm, the proposed algorithm has ideal imperceptibility, as well as larger watermark capacity and lower distortion.

Low-precision Logarithmic Number Systems

Logarithmic number systems (LNS) are used to represent real numbers in many applications using a constant base raised to a fixed-point exponent making its distribution exponential. This greatly simplifies hardware multiply, divide, and square root. LNS with base-2 is most common, but in this article, we show that for low-precision LNS the choice of base has a significant impact. We make four main contributions. First, LNS is not closed under addition and subtraction, so the result is approximate. We show that choosing a suitable base can manipulate the distribution to reduce the average error. Second, we show that low-precision LNS addition and subtraction can be implemented efficiently in logic rather than commonly used ROM lookup tables, the complexity of which can be reduced by an appropriate choice of base. A similar effect is shown where the result of arithmetic has greater precision than the input. Third, where input data from external sources is not expected to be in LNS, we can reduce the conversion error by selecting a LNS base to match the expected distribution of the input. Thus, there is no one base that gives the global optimum, and base selection is a trade-off between different factors. Fourth, we show that circuits realized in LNS require lower area and power consumption for short word lengths.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN HANDLING CRIMINAL ACTIONS OF MARINE VIOLATION IN ALKI II AREA

One of the Main Duties of the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) is to enforce the law and maintain security in the marine area of ​​national jurisdiction in accordance with the provisions of national law and international law which are then manifested in Marine Security Operations (Opskamla) The Indonesian Navy Base is one of the Opskamla components. which functions to project the strength of the Indonesian Navy to the area of ​​operation and provide ongoing administrative and logistical support to ensure the operational continuity of the elements of the Navy, carry out capacity building and conduct limited maritime security operations in the context of enforcing sovereignty and law at sea and carrying out coordination, regulation base defense. In the alternative selection of the Indonesian Navy Base in the Koarmada II work area, this study uses a combination of AHP and Topsis methods, the hierarchical structure modeling in the AHP method is influenced by the criteria and sub criteria, while for Topsis it is used as a ranking of the best alternative TNI AL bases as the initial position for Operation activities Marine Security The results obtained from the alternative weighting of the Indonesian Navy bases in sequence are the Banjarmasin Navy Base with a weight value of 0.959 more priority to be selected as a base for handling criminal offenses at sea, then the Nunukan Navy Base weight value 0.643 Palu weight value 0.589, Kendari weight value 0.333 Sangata has a weight value of 0.301, Kota Baru has a weight value of 0.265 and finally Toli-Toli has a weight value of 0.237. Keywords : Opskamla, Naval Base, Selection of bases, Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (ALKI II), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Topsis.

The implementation of BORDA and PROMETHEE for decision making of Naval base selection

The objective of this research is to determine the location for the dock and office of naval bases in Padang city of Indonesia. Following this objective, the Regional Government of Padang Mentawai Islands District provides 3 (three) alternative places namely in Semabuk Bay, Siuban Bay, and Semebai Bay for the location of dock and office of Naval Base. For the selection of Mentawai base, the method uses BORDA and PROMETHEE, since the methods can consider alternative evaluation based on factors that are both qualitative and quantitative. Based on the research of BORDA method calculation on 16 naval base selection criteria, it is found that criterion of Sailing Flow maintains the highest weight value that is equal to 10.9% and the lowest criterion weighted value belongs to criterion Political Condition for about 2%. For the results of ranking against the alternative using the Promethee method, the study obtains Semebai Bay as the best location to serve for the location of the base of the Mentawai Naval Base.

The Method and Simulation Model of Element Base Selection For Protection System Synthesis and Data Transmission

Background:: The modern stage of the development data protection and transmission systems is characterized by an extension of the application areas, most of which require encryption (decryption) and encoding (decoding) in real time on hardware that satisfy the restrictions on the dimensions, energy, cost and development time. In this connection, the problem of choosing an elemental base for the synthesis of neuro-like structures of symmetric encryption-decryption of data and means of encoding-decoding when transmitting data using noise-like codes becomes especially relevant. Methods:: Software implementation of data protection and transmission using noise-like codes involves the use of universal and functionally oriented microprocessors. In the programmatic implementation of neuro-like algorithms for encryption and decryption of data, computational processes are mostly expandable in time with a large volume of information transfer between the RAM and operating devices. Results:: In this work were performed series of element base selection simulations and synthesis of DPTS, with various technical parameters. During each simulation, the microcontroller, memory blocks, operating nodes and communication interfaces are selected. The simulation was performed on a MacBook Pro 2015 with a Core i7 processor and 16 GB of RAM. Conclusion:: It has been proposed to implement the real-time DPTS using noise-like codes by combining universal and special approaches based on the processor core supplemented by hardware with a table-algorithmic implementation of encryption (decryption) processes. The method of selection of the elemental base for synthesis of DPTS has been improved. A simulation model of element base selection for the synthesis of the DPTS has been developed. The system of synthesis of data protection and data transmission using noise-like codes has been developed.

Contingent trade-off decisions with feedbacks in cyclical environments: testing alternative theories

Many animals make contingent decisions, such as when and where to feed, as trade-offs between growth and risk when these vary not only with activity and location but also 1) in cycles such as the daily light cycle and 2) with feedbacks due to competition. Theory can assume an individual decides whether and where to feed, at any point in the light cycle and under any new conditions, by predicting future conditions and maximizing an approximate measure of future fitness. We develop four such theories for stream trout and evaluate them by their ability to reproduce, in an individual-based model, seven patterns observed in real trout. The patterns concern how feeding in four circadian phases—dawn, day, dusk, and night—varies with predation risk, food availability, temperature, trout density, physical habitat, day length, and circadian cycles in food availability. We found that theory must consider the full circadian cycle: decisions at one phase must consider what happens in other phases. Three theories that do so could reproduce almost all the patterns, and their ability to let individuals adapt decisions over time produced higher average fitness than any fixed behavior cycle. Because individuals could adapt by selecting among habitat patches as well as activity, multiple behaviors produced similar fitness. Our most successful theories base selection of habitat and activity at each phase on memory of survival probabilities and growth rates experienced 1) in the three previous phases of the current day or 2) in each phase of several previous days.

Compounded Topical Amitriptyline for Neuropathic Pain: In Vitro Release from Compounding Bases and Potential Correlation with Clinical Efficacy

ABSTRACTBackground: Topical amitriptyline has been described as having mixed clinical efficacy for neuropathic pain. A few case reports using higher concentrations of this compound found clinical benefit, but many of these studies did not describe the components used in formulating the amitriptyline preparations.Objective:To generate reproducible clinical measures of the characteristics of amitriptyline diffusion from selected compounding bases, to support a scientific approach to base selection when compounding this drug for neuropathic pain.Methods: Amitriptyline hydrochloride (1%, 5%, and 10%) was compounded with 3 proprietary compounding bases: Lipoderm base, Emollient Cream, and Mediflo 30 pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) gel. In vitro release of the drug from each base and subsequent permeation across artificial human skin were investigated with the Franz diffusion system. Amitriptyline release mechanisms were determined with kinetic models. How quickly and to what extent the drug leaves each base to diffuse through the skin were characterized by determining steady-state flux, cumulative permeation, and lag times.Results: Release of amitriptyline was significantly higher from the Mediflo PLO gel than from the Lipoderm base or Emollient Cream (p < 0.05). Mean cumulative drug release after 24 h, from the 10% formulation, was 23.9% (standard deviation [SD] 4.1%) for Lipoderm base, 41.8% (SD 3.1%) for Emollient Cream, and 53.2% (SD 7.7%) for Mediflo PLO gel. A high percentage of amitriptyline was retained in all 3 bases. Although amitriptyline release was highest with Mediflo PLO gel, this base resulted in significantly lower cumulative permeation relative to Lipoderm base and Emollient Cream (p < 0.05). There was a strong overall correlation between amitriptyline concentration, lag time, and flux. Higher concentrations were associated with significantly lower lag times and increased flux. The highest lag time and flux were observed for Mediflo PLO gel.Conclusion: These data indicate that the therapeutic effectiveness of compounded amitriptyline for neuropathic pain depends on its diffusion out of the compounding bases and penetration through the skin. RÉSUMÉContexte : L’efficacité clinique de l’amitriptyline topique contre les douleurs neuropathiques a été décrite comme étant variable. Quelques rapports utilisant des concentrations plus élevées de cette base indiquent des avantages cliniques, mais bon nombre d’entre eux ne décrivent pas les composants des préparations d’amitriptyline.Objectif : Établir des mesures cliniques reproductibles des caractéristiques de la diffusion de l’amitriptyline selon une approche scientifique de la sélection des bases pour la préparation de ce médicament contre les douleurs neuropathiques.Méthodes : Le chlorohydrate d’amitriptyline (1 %, 5 % et 10 %) a été mélangé à trois bases de préparations magistrales brevetées : la base Lipoderm, la crème émolliente et le gel Mediflo PLO 30. La liberation in vitro du médicament de chaque base et la perméation qui s’en est suivie dans la peau humaine artificielle ont été étudiées à l’aide du système de diffusion Franz. La définition des mécanismes de libération de l’amitriptyline repose sur des modèles cinétiques. La rapidité et la durée de libération du médicament de chaque base pour se diffuser dans la peau ont été caractérisées par la détermination du flux constant, de la perméation cumulée et des temps de latence.Résultats : La libération de l’amitriptyline était sensiblement plus élevée quand le produit était mélangé au gel Mediflo PLO plutôt qu’à la base Lipoderm ou à la crème émolliente (p < 0,05). La libération cumulée du médicament, formule 10 %, après 24 h était de 23,9 % (écart type [É.T.] ± 4,1 %) avec la base Lipoderm; 41,8 % (É.T. ± 3,1 %) avec la crème émolliente et 53,2 % (É.T. ± 7,7 %) avec le gel Mediflo PLO. Les trois bases retenaient un pourcentage élevé d’amitriptyline. Bien que la libération d’amitriptyline était plus élevée en présence du gel Mediflo PLO, la perméation cumulée de cette base par rapport à celle de la base Lipoderm et de la crème émolliente était sensiblement moins élevée (p < 0,05). L’observation a révélé une forte corrélation générale entre la concentration d’amitriptyline, le temps de latence et le flux. Les concentrations plus élevées étaient associées à des temps de latence sensiblement moins élevés. C’est le gel Mediflo PLO qui a démontré une supériorité du temps de latence et du flux.

Mathematical model for logistics base selection decision

Logistics bases are defined as a particular region, in which all activities related to transport, logistics and distribution of goods, at both national and international level, is carried out by various operators. In this context, the goal of this study to choose the best available port to be developed as a logistics base in Turkey. A mathematical model called Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is used as a tool to determine the best location for logistics base in Turkey. After having a preliminary research for alternative locations, existing ports in Ambarlı/İstanbul, Samsun, Mersin and Aliağa/İzmir are designated as alternative bases. During this preliminary review, the existing facilities such as ports, transportation, infrastructure and their potential cargo capabilities to be handled are taken into consideration. In this model, total of five different sets of primary objectives/ choice criteria are defined. These are; current transportation capabilities and its connection with the hinterland, labor force to be employed in the base, current infrastructure capabilities, size of the area covered by the port, cargo potential to be handled in the base and number of the logistics companies in the region. In order to achieve much more accurate result, second and third level sub-objectives are also assigned for each first level objective such as transportation, labor, infrastructure, and area. To achieve a much more comprehensive picture, a sensitivity analysis for input parameters, such as transportation, is also applied. Further on this analysis, inputs (different preference values of transportation objectives) and outputs (port priority values) of this analysis are used to establish a Linear Regression Model for further predictions.

Diagnostic and Monitoring System for Technical Condition of Electromechanical Section of Thermal Control Systems in Spacecraft

Modern diagnostics methods ensuring the safety of production and operation, as well as the improvement of functional characteristics of electromechanical systems’ are discussed, method of diagnostics according to the spectrum and hodograph of the engine’s equivalent current is presented. Functional concept is presented for the system of control, diagnostic and monitoring of technical condition of thermal control systems’ electromechanical part in the spacecraft. The decision-making and forecasting algorithm for the operational resource is based on ground-based studies and diagnostic results. This approach to device diagnostics and monitoring is also used in other servo drives, mechatronic and robotic systems of space vehicles and other objects that are inaccessible and left unattended. Hardware-algorithmic implementation of the system is described, recommendations on the components base selection are given.