scholarly journals SOIL pH AND MOISTURE EFFECTS ON VEGETABLE AMARANTH PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 647e-647
Author(s):  
Bharat P. Singh ◽  
Wayne F. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The effect of soil moisture and pH levels on the vegetative growth of amaranth were studied in the greenhouse during 1990-91. Three soil pH levels: 4.5, 5.3, and 6.4 and four soil water levels: 3, 6, 12 and 18% (w/w) comprised the treatments of the two studies. The plants grown in pH 6.4 were significantly taller and had greater leaf area than plants grown in pH 5.3 or 4.7 soil. There was a significant decrease in all above ground plant parts with each increase in soil acidity. The top fresh weight of plants grown in 5.6 and 4.7 pH soil were 27% and 73% lower, respectively, than plant grown in 6.4 pH soil. Plant grown in 3% soil water had significantly lower leaf, stem and root fresh weights than other soil water levels. There was no significant difference in the performance of plants grown in 6, 12 or 18% soil water, suggesting that amaranth plant is adapted to a wide range of soil moisture conditions.

scholarly journals Using StorAge Selection functions to quantify ecohydrological controls on the time-variant age of evapotranspiration, soil water, and recharge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Smith ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Chris Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract. Quantifying ecohydrological controls on soil water availability is essential to understand temporal variations in catchment storage. Soil water is subject to numerous time-variable fluxes (evaporation, root-uptake, and recharge), each with different water ages which in turn affect the age of water in storage. Here, we adapt StorAge Selection (SAS) function theory to investigate water flow in soils and identify soil evaporation and root-water uptake sources from depth. We use this to quantify the effects of soil-vegetation interactions on the inter-relationships between water fluxes, storage, and age. The novel modification of the SAS function framework is tested against empirical data from two contrasting soil-vegetation units in the Scottish Highlands; these are characterised by significant preferential flow, transporting younger water through the soil during high soil moisture conditions. Dominant young water fluxes, along with relatively low rainfall intensities, explain relatively stable soil water ages through time and with depth. Soil evaporation sources were more time-invariant with high preference for near-surface water, independent of soil moisture conditions, and resulting in soil evaporation water ages similar to near-surface soil waters (mean age: 50–65 days). Sources of root-water uptake were more variable: preferential near-surface water uptake occurred in wet conditions, with a deeper root-uptake source during dry soil conditions, which resulted in more variable water ages of transpiration (mean age: 56–79 days). The simple model structure provides a parsimonious means of constraining the water age of multiple fluxes from the upper part of the critical zone during time-varying conditions improving our understanding of vegetation influences on catchment scale water fluxes.

scholarly journals Large Area Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Stock Mapping in Woodlands in Mozambique with L-band Radar: Improving Accuracy by Accounting for Soil Moisture Effects Using the Water Cloud Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Yaqing Gou ◽  
Casey M. Ryan ◽  
Johannes Reiche
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
Radar Imagery ◽  
Water Cloud ◽  
L Band ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Soil moisture effects limit radar-based aboveground biomass carbon (AGBC) prediction accuracy as well as lead to stripes between adjacent paths in regional mosaics due to varying soil moisture conditions on different acquisition dates. In this study, we utilised the semi-empirical water cloud model (WCM) to account for backscattering from soil moisture in AGBC retrieval from L-band radar imagery in central Mozambique, where woodland ecosystems dominate. Cross-validation results suggest that (1) the standard WCM effectively accounts for soil moisture effects, especially for areas with AGBC ≤ 20 tC/ha, and (2) the standard WCM significantly improved the quality of regional AGBC mosaics by reducing the stripes between adjacent paths caused by the difference in soil moisture conditions between different acquisition dates. By applying the standard WCM, the difference in mean predicted AGBC for the tested path with the largest soil moisture difference was reduced by 18.6%. The WCM is a valuable tool for AGBC mapping by reducing prediction uncertainties and striping effects in regional mosaics, especially in low-biomass areas including African woodlands and other woodland and savanna regions. It is repeatable for recent L-band data including ALOS-2 PALSAR-2, and upcoming SAOCOM and NISAR data.

scholarly journals Influence of different liming material on soil pH and spring barley yield under different soil moisture conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Drapanauskaitė ◽  
Kristina Bunevičienė ◽  
Romas Mažeika
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Liming of acid soils is one of the most effective and multipurpose ways to improve soil properties. Liming changes the agrochemical properties, nutrient content and uptake. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of different liming materials on soil pH and spring barley yield under different soil moisture conditions. A vegetation experiment was performed until full yield formation under two different soil moisture conditions: optimum 17–20% and excess 28–31%. Liming materials of different physical forms and chemical composition were used in the experiment: ground, crushed and granulated liming materials, which differed in their chemical composition. Ground liming material had the highest neutralizing value (52.2 ± 0.40%) and reactivity (99.5 ± 0.18%), and crushed liming material had the lowest reactivity (10.0 ± 0.23%) and the highest (10.33 ± 0.148) magnesium content. Liming with ground liming material was the most effective and fastest way to neutralize soil acidity. It increased the soil pH from 4.44 ± 0.191 to 6.17 ± 0.042 under optimum moisture conditions and from 4.46 ± 0.156 to 6.76 ± 0.537 under excess moisture conditions after 4 weeks of liming. When spring barley was grown to full yield, a significant increase in yield in both years was found by liming with granulated liming material ø 2–5 mm in both soil moisture conditions, and the highest mass of 1,000th grain was obtained in the treatments limed with granulated liming material with potassium additive.

Temporal fluctuations in soil water repellency following wildfire in chaparral steeplands, southern California

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Hubbert ◽  
V. Oriol
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Wetness ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
East West ◽  
Seasonal Weather

Soil water repellency is particularly common in unburned chaparral, and its degree and duration can be influenced by seasonal weather conditions. Water repellency tends to increase in dry soils, while it decreases or vanishes following precipitation or extended periods of soil moisture. The 15 426 ha Williams Fire provided an opportunity to investigate post-fire fluctuations in water repellency over a 1-year period. Soil water repellency was measured at the surface, and at 2-cm and 4-cm depths along six east–west-positioned transects located within the chaparral-dominated San Dimas Experimental Forest. During the winter and spring, seasonal variation in the degree of surface water repellency appeared to be inversely proportional to antecedent rainfall and soil moisture conditions. Precipitation through December reduced the proportion of surface ‘moderate or higher repellency’ from 49 to 4% as soil wetness increased to 12%. Throughout the summer, soil wetness remained below 2%; however, surface soils remained ‘wettable’, with the proportion of surface ‘moderate or higher repellency’ never returning to the early post-fire amount of 47%. Interestingly, at the 4-cm depth, the proportion of ‘moderate or higher repellency’ remained at levels >25% throughout the summer dry season.

Prairie marshes in western Canada, with specific reference to the ecology of five emergent macrophytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Shay ◽  
C. Thomas Shay
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Scirpus Lacustris

Prairie marshes in western Canada occur in the Manitoba, Saskatchėwan, and Alberta plains, from 49 to between 50 and 53° N. They are dynamic habitats characterized by fluctuations in water levels and water chemistry. Marsh habitats form an east–west gradient that involves a decrease in precipitation (525 – 350 mm year−1) and an increase in its variability. Within the region, water salinity ranges from fresh to hypersaline. Water levels and chemistry coupled with life history features influence the distribution and successional role of emergent macrophytes. Five dominant emergents have aboveground standing crops of between 425 (Scirpus lacustris ssp. glaucus) and 1750 g m−2 (Typha latifolia). They vary in reproductive strategy and tolerance to water levels and salinity. Scirpus lacustris ssp. glaucus grows in deep water with conductivities < 15 mS cm−1, and spreads vegetatively. Typha latifolia, tolerant of water fluctuations and salinity < 10 mS cm−1, spreads both vegetatively and by seed, particularly under drawdown. Phragmites australis tolerates a wide range of moisture conditions and salinities (< 20 mS cm−1). It propagates primarily by rhizomes and runners. Scirpus lacustris ssp. validus thrives under unstable water regimes but is saline intolerant (< 2 mS cm−1). It is short lived (±3 years) and reproduces primarily by seed. Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus, which dominates western wetlands, tolerates hypersaline conditions (±45 mS cm−1), prefers changing water levels, and spreads both vegetatively and by seed. These environmental and life history features help elucidate wetland dynamics.

scholarly journals Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) exchange between soils and the atmosphere affected by soil moisture and compensation points

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Bunk ◽  
Zhigang Yi ◽  
Thomas Behrendt ◽  
Dianming Wu ◽  
Meinrat Otto Andreae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a chemically quite stable gas in the troposphere (lifetime ~ 2–6 years) and consequently some of it is transported up to the stratosphere where it contributes to the stratospheric sulfate layer. Due to the similarities in uptake mechanism between OCS and CO2, the use of OCS as a proxy for CO2 in ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) has been proposed. For this application a good understanding of uptake (UOCS) and production (POCS) processes of OCS in an ecosystem is required. A new OCS quantum cascade laser coupled with an automated soil chamber system enabled us to measure the soil-atmosphere OCS exchange of four different soil samples with high precision. The adjustment of the chamber air to different OCS mixing ratios (50, 500, and 1000 ppt) allowed us to separate production and consumption processes and to estimate compensation points (CPs) for the OCS exchange. At an atmospheric mixing ratio of 1000 ppt, the maximum UOCS was of the order of 22 to 110 pmol g−1 h−1 for needle forest soil samples and of the order of 3 to 5 pmol g−1 h−1 for an agricultural mineral soil, both measured at moderate soil moisture. Uptake processes (UOCS) were dominant at all soil moistures for the forest soils, while POCS exceeded UOCS at higher soil moistures for the agricultural soil, resulting in net emission. Hence, our results indicate that in (spruce) forests UOCS might be the dominant process, while in agricultural soils POCS at higher soil moisture and UOCS under moderate soil moisture seem to dominate the OCS exchange. The OCS compensation points (CPs) were highly dependent on soil water content and extended over a wide range of 130 ppt to 1600 ppt for the forest soils and 450 ppt to 5500 ppt for the agricultural soil. The strong dependency between soil water content and the compensation point value must be taken into account for all further analyses. The lowest CPs were found at about 20 % water filled pore space (WFPSlab), implying the maximum of UOCS under these soil moisture conditions and excluding OCS emission under such conditions. We discuss our results in view of other studies about compensation points and the potential contribution of microbial groups.

scholarly journals Moisture conditions of the soil in spruce ecosystem in Oravská Polhora-Borsučie in growing seasons of 2012 and 2013

Beskydy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tužinský ◽  
Marek Tužinský ◽  
Juraj Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Variation Range ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Upper Third

The paper presents the research results of soil water regime under the spruce stand in the Upper Orava, in Oravská Polhora - Borsučie in the growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. There are characterized different ranges of soil moisture, soil water categories and its accessibility for plants, particularly for the surface layer from 20 cm to 100 cm deep physiological soil profile. Dominant interval of moisture during the growing season is the semiuvidic interval with the soil moisture between hydrolimits MCC and PDA. Amount of water presents mostly capillary less moving water, in the surface layer of soil sufficient, for short time insufficient supply of usable water. The amount of water decreseases for a short time after dry days. Semiaridic interval with the soil moisture between hydrolimits PDA and WP, up to the upper third of the variation range means that the vegetation has available stationary capillary water in the surface layer. In prolonged dry season such humidity condition can be one of the main causes of physiological weakening of spruce.

Soil moisture conditions and pine failure at Waarre, near Port Campbell, Victoria

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Poutsma ◽  
KJ Simpfendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The pines in the Forests Commission plantation at Waarre, near Port Campbell in Victoria, are marked by large and widespread differences in vigour, and in some cases even by virtual failure. To investigate this condition the presence of and changes in free water levels in the soils were followed at 16 sites on the plantation. This was done by means of shallow wells 30 in. deep, and piezometers sunk to a depth of 5½ ft. Observations extended over 28 months. The results showed that surface waterlogging is widely present on the plantation. This surface waterlogging is seasonal, and it varies in severity from year to year in accordance with the rainfall. "Free" ground-water is absent from nearly all the deep subsoils. The vigour of the pine cover was found to vary significantly with the degree of surface waterlogging. For Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) the correlation coefficient for nine sites was 0.82**, and for maritime pine (P. pinaster Ait.) the correlation coefficient for six sites was 0.81*. This relationship appears to be modified by the lateral movement of free water through the surface horizons. Nutrient trials have also shown a slow but marked response to additions of superphosphate.

Effect of Soil pH, Soil Water, Light Intensity, and Temperature on Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Growth of perennial sowthistle was examined under different levels of soil pH, soil moisture content, light intensity, and temperature. Soil pH ranging from 5.2 to 7.2 had little effect on the number of leaves, rosette diameter, plant height, and number of capitula. However, total dry weight was 30% less in plants grown in soil of pH 5.2 compared to those grown at higher soil pH levels. Perennial sowthistle demonstrated a consistent positive growth response to increasing soil water including saturation. Severe reduction in vegetative and reproductive growth occurred in plants grown in soil below field capacity. Plants grown under full light (1015 μE m−2s−1photosynthetic photon flux density) developed a fourfold increase in the number of capitula per plant and a 50% increase in total dry weight compared to plants grown at 285 μE m−2s−1. Initiation of reproduction was delayed 4 weeks for plants grown at 580 μE m−2s−1and 285 μE m−2s−1. Plants grown under less than full light developed fewer but larger leaves. Plants grown under a day/night temperature of 20/15 C grew more rapidly than those under 30/25 C or 10/5 C. Plants at 30/25 C began to senesce 7 to 8 weeks after planting. Net carbon assimilation, leaf conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency decreased as soil moisture and light intensity decreased. Plants at 30/25 C had the highest rate of transpiration and the lowest water use efficiency. The observed optimum for perennial sowthistle growth occurred at a soil pH of 6.2 or 7.2, water-saturated soil, high light intensity, and a temperature of 20/15 C, day/night.

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