scholarly journals AN IN VITRO TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NEMATODE AND TOLERANCE TO HEAT STRESS IN TOMATOES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 698g-698
Author(s):  
Aref A. Abdul-Baki ◽  
S. A. Haroon ◽  
R. N. Huettel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Time Saving

Susceptibility of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) genotpyes to the root-knot nematode Meloydogyne incognita and to heat stress can be evaluated in a single labor- and time-saving operation using a nondestructive in vitro excised root technique. Seeds are sterilized and germinated for 2 days on 1% water agar. Five-mm root sections are grown at 28 and 35 C for 30 days on Gamborg-B medium with and without nematode inoculum. Evaluation criteria include fresh and dry weight and the appearance of juveniles, adults, gulls, and egg masses. Evidence will be presented on the breakdown of resistance to M. incognita under high temperature stress.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Pooran M. Gaur ◽  
Nalini Mallikarjuna ◽  
Raju N. Tokachichu ◽  
Richard M. Trethowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Controlled Environments

High temperature during the reproductive stage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major cause of yield loss. The objective of this research was to determine whether that variation can be explained by differences in anther and pollen development under heat stress: the effect of high temperature during the pre- and post-anthesis periods on pollen viability, pollen germination in a medium, pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and pod set in a heat-tolerant (ICCV 92944) and a heat-sensitive (ICC 5912) genotype was studied. The plants were evaluated under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions in controlled environments. High temperature stress (29/16°C to 40/25°C) was gradually applied at flowering to study pollen viability and stigma receptivity including flower production, pod set and seed number. This was compared with a non-stress treatment (27/16°C). The high temperatures reduced pod set by reducing pollen viability and pollen production per flower. The ICCV 92944 pollen was viable at 35/20°C (41% fertile) and at 40/25°C (13% fertile), whereas ICC 5912 pollen was completely sterile at 35/20°C with no in vitro germination and no germination on the stigma. However, the stigma of ICC 5912 remained receptive at 35/20°C and non-stressed pollen (27/16°C) germinated on it during reciprocal crossing. These data indicate that pollen grains were more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in chickpea. High temperature also reduced pollen production per flower, % pollen germination, pod set and seed number.

Evaluation of heat tolerance potential in Capsicum annum L. genotypes under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Mujahid Ali ◽  
Muhammad Imran Lodhi ◽  
Choudhary Muhammad Ayyub ◽  
Zahoor Hussain ◽  
Zaid Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Economic Losses

Summer vegetables are severely affected by high temperature above threshold level which ultimately results in serious losses of their production. To cope with these economic losses different strategies had been adopted. The present study was designed to screen out heat tolerant genotypes of bell pepper. For this purpose, experiment was conducted in plant growth room in Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Ten genotypes of bell pepper (C1G3, C3G5, C7G4, V6G4, C2-E, C5G4, C43-D, C4G3, C43-A, C2G3) were brought from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad (AARI) and were grown. Heat treatment up to 40 ̊C was given. Data regarding agronomic traits (number of leaves, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, electrolyte leakage) and physiological (Stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency) was collected. Proper statistical designs were used to analyze the data. The research findings proved that heat stress significantly affected physiology, morphology and mechanisms of screened genotypes which followed the order for the heat stress as C5G4, C1G3, C2G3, C43-A, C3G5, C43-D, V6G4, C4G3, C43-A and C2G3, respectively. The collective effects of all these changes under high temperature stress resulted in poor plant growth and productivity. On the basis of physical and physiological parameters, genotypes C5G4, C1G3 and C43-A were among the most tolerant group and the most resistant genotypes.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CYTOKININS AND SUCROSE CONCENTRATIONS ON BULBLET CHARACTERS OF IN VITRO HIPPEASTRUM HYBRIDUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Amery & Salman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Tissue Culture Technique

The First Part of this study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Science, University of Nahrain from October 2014 to February,2015. and completed at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad From February 2015 to September 2015. Examine the possibility of using the tissue culture technique in the propagation of Hippeastrum  hybridum.plantlets were resulted from leaves induced plant lets moved to new MS media supplemented with BA and Kin at 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 mg.liter-1 individually or in combination and with or without NAA at 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0 mg.liter-1 to enhance shoot proliferation. Transferred shoot  from the best proliferation- enhance to stage bulbs formation, MS media supplemented with BA at 6.0, 3.0, 1.5, 0.0 0  mg.liter-1 in addition to sucrose at  90, 60, 300 g.liter-1 with the present of NAA at 0.1 mg.liter-1 to increase bulbs formation, weight, and diameter .Result showed that the best  shoot proliferation media was MS supplemented with 1.0 mg.liter-1 BA and 0.3 mg.liter-1 NAA which resulted in 8.30 shoots.plant-1. As for bulbs formation, the results exhibited that MS media supplemented with  6.0  mg.liter-1 BA and 90 g.liter-1 sucrose with the existence of 0.10 mg.liter-1 NAA gave the highest bulbs formation percentage, diameter, and both fresh and dry weight which were 3 bulbs.explant-1, 0.98 cm, and 1.04 and 0.25 g, respectively.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Yong Weon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transcript Variants

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Regeneration of Amygdalus communis

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Naimeh SHARIFMOGHADAM ◽  
Abbas SAFARNEJAD ◽  
Sayed Mohammad TABATABAEI
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Amygdalus Communis

The Almond (Amygdalus communis) is one of the most important and oldest commercial nut crops, belonging to the Rosaceae family. Almond has been used as base material in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, hygienically and food industry. Propagation by tissue culture technique is the most important one in woody plants. In the current research, in vitro optimization of tissue culture and mass production of almond was investigated. In this idea, explants of actively growing shoots were collected and sterilized, then transferred to MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. The experiment was done in completely randomized blocks design, with 7 treatment and 30 replications. After 4 weeks, calli induction, proliferation, shoot length and number of shoot per explants were measured. Results showed that the best medium for shoot initiation and proliferation was MS + 0.5 mg/l IAA (Indol-3-Acetic Acid) + 1 mg/l BA (Benzyl Adenine). Autumn was the best season for collecting explants. The shoots were transferred to root induction medium with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best root induction medium was MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA (Indol Butyric Acid).

Emergence of seedlings from different depths following high temperature stress

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Onwueme ◽  
S. A. Adegoroye
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Different Depths

SUMMARYSeeds of Amaranthus, melon, cowpea and tomato were planted in moist soil at 1, 4 or 7·5 cm depth and subjected to a heat stress of 45 °C for 10 h on the day of sowing (day 0), 1 day after sowing or 2 days after sowing. Seedling emergence was retarded by heat stress, the most drastic retardation being due to heat stress on day 1 for cowpea and tomato, day 2 for melon, and day 0 for Amaranthus. Emergence also decreased with increasing depth of sowing. The interaction of depth and heat stress was also significant in all cases, such that the delay in emergence due to heat stress tended to be greater with increasing depth of sowing. The agronomic significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and translatome changes in germinated pollen under heat stress uncover roles of transporter genes involved in pollen tube growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Poidevin ◽  
Javier Forment ◽  
Dilek Unal ◽  
Alejandro Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Heat Shock Genes ◽  
Germinated Pollen

ABSTRACTPlant reproduction is one key biological process very sensitive to heat stress and, as a consequence, enhanced global warming poses serious threats to food security worldwide. In this work we have used a high-resolution ribosome profiling technology to study how heat affects both the transcriptome and the translatome of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen germinated in vitro. Overall, a high correlation between transcriptional and translational responses to high temperature was found, but specific regulations at the translational level were also present. We show that bona fide heat shock genes are induced by high temperature indicating that in vitro germinated pollen is a suitable system to understand the molecular basis of heat responses. Concurrently heat induced significant down-regulation of key membrane transporters required for pollen tube growth, thus uncovering heat-sensitive targets. We also found that a large subset of the heat-repressed transporters is specifically up-regulated, in a coordinated manner, with canonical heat-shock genes in pollen tubes grown in vitro and semi in vivo, based on published transcriptomes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Ribosome footprints were also detected in gene sequences annotated as non-coding, highlighting the potential for novel translatable genes and translational dynamics.

scholarly journals Production high class of micro tuber potato seeds (Solanum tuberosum L.). by Using tissue culture technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-jibouri ◽  
A.A. Al-salhay
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Condition Numbers ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
High Class ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Elisa Technique

The aim of this investigation was produced micro tubers of four potato cultivars Premiere, Bintje, Estima and Escort in vitro. Apical meristems (0.2-0.4 mm) of potato cultivars were excised and cultured on nutrient medium and incubated at 24±2 Cº and 1000 lux light intensity for 16 hrs per day. The developing plantlets were examined serological by using ELISA technique to eliminate the viral infected plantlets. The virus-free plantlets were chopped into pieces with single bud and re cultured on fresh medium for mass propagation. For micro tubers formation in test tubes, the cultures were transferred to another medium containing a high percent of sucrose (60g/L) with different concentrations of kinetin; the cultures were incubated under 16±2 Cº and 8 hrs photoperiod. The plantlets formed micro tubers after 8-10 weeks from culturing. The results showed significant differences among cultivar’s in their response to in vitro culture and micro tubers formation. The results also showed that the kinetin concentration had significant effect on micro tubers, and 1mg/l kinetin concentration was the best. The micro tubers were stored for 10 week at 4Cº to break down the dormancy period, and gave 100% germination under nursery condition. Numbers of tubers derived from micro tubers and normal tubers of these cultivars were compared at the end of season.

scholarly journals Mass Propagation of Nauclea diderrichii (de Willd. & Th. Dur) Merr. Seedlings through Tissue Culture Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
RI Oyediran ◽  
JO Afolabi ◽  
DB Olomola ◽  
FO Akanni
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Nauclea Diderrichii

Nauclea diderrichii is a tree species of economic importance. However, its plantation establishment is limited by inadequate seedling production. Hence, there is ample scope of tissue culture for its mass propagation. Its in vitro plantlets development as affected by media strengths indicated that 100 % seed germination was obtained in full MS basal medium while the least (3.35 %) was from quarter-strength at 8 Weeks after inoculation (WAI). The effects of BAP and NAA assessed on the growth of its sub-cultured plantlets showed that highest number of leaves (17) and adventitious shoots (3) were obtained from MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BAP only. Whereas, highest shoot length (3.61 cm) and average number of roots (5/plantlet) were obtained from the same medium without hormone(s) at 8 WAI. Further sub-culturing into MS with 0.05 mg/l NAA resulted into plantlets having optimum shoot and massive root growth ready for acclimatization in 6 WAI. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized using coconuthusk/ topsoil mixture with 90 % survival. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 31(1): 51-60, 2021 (June)

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