scholarly journals Dry Matter Distribution of Three Peach Growth Types

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Giovannini ◽  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Ralph Scorza ◽  
W.V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Woody Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Size Controlled

Our objective was to evaluate the dry-matter partitioning between the roots and shoots of two genetically size-controlled peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] types, dwarf and pillar, compared to a full-sized standard peach type. Compared to the pillar and standard types, the dwarf type had a reduced leaf: root ratio, less allocation of dry matter to woody tissue and more to leaf tissue. Genetically size-controlled peach trees have a smaller root system, but a lower leaf: root ratio and may require modified soil and water management techniques to ensure high productivity.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE GROWTH TYPES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 669b-669
Author(s):  
D. Giovannini ◽  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
R. Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Woody Tissue ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Size Growth

The objective was to study selected physiological characteristics of the canopy and examine changes in dry matter partitioning between the root and shoot in two genetically reduced size growth types (dwarf and pillar) relative to the standard growth type. The dwarf phenotype had reduced leaf/root ratio, less allocation of dry matter to woody tissue and more to leaf tissue, high net photosynthesis, and lower leaf respiration compared to the standard and pillar phenotypes. The dwarf and pillar types had greater resistance to water flow than the standard type. Genetic changes in growth habit significantly alter many physiological parameters of peach tree growth and structure.

Effect of irrigation levels and agrochemicals on dry matter partitioning in summer maize (Zea maize L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Meena ◽  
G. S. Chouhan ◽  
V. K. Meena ◽  
H. S. Sumeriya
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Application of eight irrigations (seedling, 6 leaf, knee-high, before tasseling, 50% tasseling, 50% silking, grain formation and grain filling stages) where no stress was occurred significantly increased dry matter distribution. Data related to dry matter partitioning in stem, leaves and cobs at 25, 50, 75 and at harvest stage of crop. In general, irrespective of the treatments, crop attained maximum leaf dry weight at flowering stage. This decreased progressively up to harvest stage. While, stem dry weight showed increasing trend up to tasseling and silking stage and than declined slightly towards harvest stage of the crop. Obviously, cobs dry weight increased linearly from flowering up to harvest stage.

Source - sink differences in genotypes and water regimes influencing sucrose accumulation in sugarcane stalks

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Inman-Bamber ◽  
G. D. Bonnett ◽  
M. F. Spillman ◽  
M. L. Hewitt ◽  
Jingsheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
High Sucrose

Relatively little is known about the physiological basis for variation in sucrose content among sugarcane clones despite substantial research at the molecular and biochemical levels. We used irrigation and continuous monitoring of photosynthesis and plant extension rate to modify dry matter partitioning in four clones differing widely in sucrose content. Three pot experiments were conducted on two low sucrose content clones, KQ97-2599 and KQ97-2835, and two high sucrose content clones, Q117 and KQ97-5080, in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. As expected, sucrose content on a dry mass basis of whole stalks was greater in high (55% maximum) than in low sucrose clones (40% maximum), but sucrose content in the two clones selected for low sucrose reached 55% in some internodes. Differences between clones in whole-plant net photosynthesis and aerial biomass accumulation were small. However, biomass was distributed over fewer stalks in the high sucrose clones (4–7 stalks per pot) than in the low sucrose clones (9–11 stalks per pot). The high sucrose clones also allocated a considerably greater proportion of dry matter to the stalk (70% maximum) than the low sucrose clones (60% maximum). It is suggested that the relatively large amount of new leaf tissue produced by the high tillering, low sucrose clones placed an additional demand for structural photo-assimilate in these clones and delayed the accumulation of sucrose in the stalk. The results indicated that there is little direct genetic control on the maximum amount of sucrose that can accumulate in stalk tissue and that genetic contrasts in sucrose content reside more in the morphology of the plant and responses to ripening stimuli such as mild water stress, and how these traits influence supply and demand for photo-assimilate.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Partitioning, Carbohydrate Composition, Protein Reserves, and Fruiting in ‘Autumn Bliss’ Red Raspberry Vary in Response to Pruning Date and Cane Density

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Brás de Oliveira ◽  
Maria José Silva ◽  
Ricardo B. Ferreira ◽  
Cristina M. Oliveira ◽  
António A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

In a 2-year experiment (1994 and 1995), plants of primocane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar ‘Autumn Bliss’ grown in a plastic greenhouse were destructively harvested at different growth stages to determine the effect of pruning date and cane density on dry matter distribution, carbohydrate concentration, and soluble protein concentration in different plant parts. Three summer-pruning dates (early, mid, and late July) and four cane densities (8, 16, 24, and 32 canes/m row) were imposed. Relative root biomass decreased from pruning to first flower stage and remained constant thereafter for all pruning dates. Earlier pruning dates corresponded to earlier fruit production, but yield was significantly reduced on later pruning dates and higher cane densities. Sucrose concentration was higher in fine roots than in suberized roots and had a slight decrease during flowering and the beginning of harvest. Soluble protein concentrations did not differ significantly between pruning dates. Reserve carbohydrates in the root system were unaffected by pruning and cane density, and were rapidly used during active vegetative growth, began to recover just after bloom, and were fully recovered at the end of the season. Our experiment suggested that in red raspberry plants grown under poor environmental conditions, current yield is reduced but there is enough carbohydrate accumulation to support next year's growth.

scholarly journals Response of upland taro 'Blanca' to sett size and plant spacing

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Agenol González-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Planting Distance

The white-fleshed taro cultivar Blanca has been traditionally used in the central mountainous region of Puerto Rico because of its adaptability to low fertility soils, ability to withstand drought periods under rain-fed conditions and its acceptability by local consumers. Blanca belongs to the Colocasia's botanical variety esculenta. Thus, it should be characterized by a large main corm and few cormels. In commercial fields, individual plants usually average more than 10 suckers, a finding which indicates a low harvest index. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of practical combinations of sett size and plant spacing on taro Blanca yield and dry matter distribution at harvest. Treatments represented alternatives of practical significance in commercial production. Sett sizes were 57 to 114; 170 to 227; and 284 to 340 g per sett. Spacing was 38,1, 45.7 and 61.0 cm between plants. Plants from the smaller setts have the least dry matter and productivity. Regardless of the sett size, plants grown at 61.0- and at 45.7-cm spacing differed neither in yield nor in dry weight measurements. Reduction of the planting distance to 38.1 cm decreased yield and dry weight. The sett size and plant spacing combinations used were not effective in reducing the number of suckers per plant nor in improving the dry matter partitioning into the main corm. Plants averaged 13.8 cormels and had a dry matter partitioning into the main corm of 0.37.The results support the need for the selection of Colocasia esculenta genotypes for improved partitioning into the commercially important part of the plant.

scholarly journals Developmental and Environmental Control of Dry Matter Partitioning in Peach

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 551C-551
Author(s):  
T.M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Organ Type ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

For the last several years, research in my laboratory has been focused on studying the developmental and environmental control of dry matter partitioning in peach trees based on the concept that plants grow as collections of semi-autonomous, but interacting, organs. This concept assumes that plant genotype, triggered by developmental and environmental signals, determines current organ specific growth potentials and that environmental conditions dictate conditional growth capacity and respiration (both growth and maintenance) requirements of each organ at any specific time. Dry matter partitioning at any given time is then determined by the availability of resources to be partitioned, the conditional growth capacity and maintenance requirements of each organ, and the relative ability of each organ to compete for the resources. In this presentation, I will demonstrate how developmental patterns of various organs influence dry-matter partitioning within the tree over time, how organ number can influence the amount of dry-matter partitioned collectively to an organ type, and propose an hypothesis for how environmental conditions may influence partitioning on a diurnal basis.

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