scholarly journals Dry Matter Partitioning, Carbohydrate Composition, Protein Reserves, and Fruiting in ‘Autumn Bliss’ Red Raspberry Vary in Response to Pruning Date and Cane Density

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Brás de Oliveira ◽  
Maria José Silva ◽  
Ricardo B. Ferreira ◽  
Cristina M. Oliveira ◽  
António A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

In a 2-year experiment (1994 and 1995), plants of primocane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar ‘Autumn Bliss’ grown in a plastic greenhouse were destructively harvested at different growth stages to determine the effect of pruning date and cane density on dry matter distribution, carbohydrate concentration, and soluble protein concentration in different plant parts. Three summer-pruning dates (early, mid, and late July) and four cane densities (8, 16, 24, and 32 canes/m row) were imposed. Relative root biomass decreased from pruning to first flower stage and remained constant thereafter for all pruning dates. Earlier pruning dates corresponded to earlier fruit production, but yield was significantly reduced on later pruning dates and higher cane densities. Sucrose concentration was higher in fine roots than in suberized roots and had a slight decrease during flowering and the beginning of harvest. Soluble protein concentrations did not differ significantly between pruning dates. Reserve carbohydrates in the root system were unaffected by pruning and cane density, and were rapidly used during active vegetative growth, began to recover just after bloom, and were fully recovered at the end of the season. Our experiment suggested that in red raspberry plants grown under poor environmental conditions, current yield is reduced but there is enough carbohydrate accumulation to support next year's growth.

scholarly journals End-of-Day Light Quality Effects on Growth and Development of Watermelon Plants

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 601E-601
Author(s):  
N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

End-of-day (EOD) red (R) or far-red (FR) light treatments were used to study phytochrome-regulated growth and dry matter distribution in 2-week-old watermelon plants. Plants were exposed to low-intensity R or FR light for 15 min at the end of photoperiod for 9 consecutive days. End-of-day FR increased the petiole elongation in the first two leaves, which was accompanied by higher dry matter partitioning to the petioles after 3 days of treatments. However, total plant dry mass (above ground) in FR-treated plants increased significantly after 6 days of treatments. This indicates EOD FR regulated dry matter compensation among plant parts at the early stages of EOD light treatments, allowing plants to better adapt to the environment. Net CO2 assimilation rate in the second leaf of FR-treated plants also increased. Phytochrome involvement in these processes is suggested, since growth and dry matter distribution patterns were reversible when plants were treated with FR immediately followed by R.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Farhan Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

scholarly journals Relación entre el peso freco y el peso seco del rastrojo de maíz en diferentes estados fenológicos del cultivo.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bänziger ◽  
G. O. Edmeades ◽  
J. Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of dry matter produced during various stages of corn growth is a important variable to be taken into consideration. However, the lack of drying facilities makes its measurement a difficult task in the fields. A simple method to convert the fresh weight of a crop in the field into dry weight, could be an answer to that problem. In this study, we calculated the relationship between fresh and dry weight of corn stovers, over several, growth, stages of eight corn cultivars of different vigour and maturity period, at two Mexican locations. The differences between cultivars were for percent stover dry weight (%SDW) most evident in the second half of the grain growth stage, when late cultivars showed less humidity than the early ones. The % SDW was regressed against the phenological developmental stage and expressed as a ratio against antesis (R, days to sampling /days to 50% antesis). The equations (R2 = 0.97 - 0.99) with best results were: Early maturing cultivars: %SDW = 12.6 + 0.94R2 + 1.68R4; Late: %SDW = 16.1 - 4.00 R2 + 3.36R4. There were no consistant differences among cultivars with different vigour levels, even though certain differences were noted among the locations and they were attributed to differences in relative humidity. We describe a protocol for determining the dry weight of corn stover by area unit (t/ha) when drying conditions are not available, by utilizing only a scale and a ruler.We also suggest a method to calculate percent dry matter for a real plant parts (including grain).

Growing season changes in the concentration and distribution of macroelements in Willamette red raspberry plant parts

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations and accumulations in Willamette red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plant parts were measured in a field study to identify a potential plant-analysis-based method for evaluating site-specific fertilizer requirements. Dry matter and macroelements accumulated steadily in new canes over the season, increased early to a stable amount in floricane laterals and ripe berries, increased and then decreased in leaves and remained stable in stems. Macroelement accumulation patterns were generally similar to dry matter accumulations. The amounts of N and K that accumulated in ripe berries were similar and about eight times greater than P, Ca and Mg. Macroelement concentrations of floricane stems, laterals and berries were more stable than in leaves, making them potentially more suitable than leaves for developing tissue analysis for fertilizer recommendations. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, Rubus idaeus

Effect of irrigation levels and agrochemicals on dry matter partitioning in summer maize (Zea maize L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Meena ◽  
G. S. Chouhan ◽  
V. K. Meena ◽  
H. S. Sumeriya
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Application of eight irrigations (seedling, 6 leaf, knee-high, before tasseling, 50% tasseling, 50% silking, grain formation and grain filling stages) where no stress was occurred significantly increased dry matter distribution. Data related to dry matter partitioning in stem, leaves and cobs at 25, 50, 75 and at harvest stage of crop. In general, irrespective of the treatments, crop attained maximum leaf dry weight at flowering stage. This decreased progressively up to harvest stage. While, stem dry weight showed increasing trend up to tasseling and silking stage and than declined slightly towards harvest stage of the crop. Obviously, cobs dry weight increased linearly from flowering up to harvest stage.

Root and shoot dry matter partitioning in near-isogenic wheat lines differing in height

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
J. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Wheat Lines

Increased wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in most major cereal growing areas of the world have been associated with shorter cultivars which incorporate the Rht1 or Rht2 height-reducing alleles. Considerable uncertainty still exists, however, concerning the growth of vegetative tissues, especially roots, of these shorter genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine how dry matter (DM) partitioning, in vegetative shoot and root tissues, is related to plant height as determined by the number of Rht alleles present (tall (no Rht alleles), semidwarf (Rht1 or Rht2), dwarf (Rht1 and Rht2) within a common genetic background. Tall, semidwarf, and dwarf near-isogenic lines were studied within each of four diverse genetic backgrounds. Six controlled-environment experiments were carried out in which plants were grown in sand (nutrients applied hydroponically) and harvested following anthesis. Stem and shoot (total aboveground tissue) DM plant−1 increased with plant height. However, there was no relationship between plant height and root DM plant−1. Root/shoot ratios tended to be negatively correlated with plant height. Leaf blades and head DM plant−1 were not consistently related to plant height. In the absence of selection pressure, genotypes containing Rht alleles should have root DM comparable to their tall counterparts, and root/shoot ratios equal to, or greater than, their tall counterparts. The Rht alleles also decreased individual leaf blade areas, primarily through effects on leaf length, and increased stomatal frequencies of early leaves; effects on the flag and penultimate leaves were ambiguous, suggesting that the gibberellic acid (GA3) intensitive Rht alleles exert greater control during earlier growth stages. Key words: Height-reducing alleles, plant height, tall, semidwarf, dwarf

scholarly journals Genotypic variation for potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency in barley under rainfed potassium stress conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Shivay ◽  
J. H. Chen ◽  
S. R. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
K Concentration

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of K nutrition and genotypic variation on the dry matter (DM) accumulation, and the K concentration, accumulation, uptake and utilization efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Successive increases in potassium nutrition had a significant effect on the dry matter and K accumulation either in the total or in various plant parts of barley at the tillering, stem elongation, heading and maturity growth stages. K nutrition also led to significantly higher grain yield with each unit K application than without K application. The yield increase due to K application was mainly due to the improvement in spike development from tillers. Dry matter and K accumulation in various plant parts varied significantly between genotypes at the main growth stages. Among the various plant parts, the stem contained the highest K concentration, had the highest K accumulation at maturity and changed considerably with the K level, while other plant parts remained relatively unchanged. Among the eleven genotypes, genotype 98-6 had the highest grain yield and the K use efficiency of this genotype was 10.4 kg grain per kg K applied. It could thus be used as a breeding line to breed barley varieties for higher productivity under rainfed conditions with low available soil potassium.

Assessment of the nitrogen status of field-grown canola (Brassica napus) by plant analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hocking ◽  
P. J. Randall ◽  
D. De Marco ◽  
I. Bamforth
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
N Status

Summary. Field trials were conducted over 2 seasons at Greenethorpe and Canowindra in the Cowra region of New South Wales to develop and calibrate plant tests for assessing the nitrogen (N) status of canola (Brassica napus). Plants were tested at 3 and 7 growth stages up to the start of flowering at Greenethorpe and Canowindra, respectively. The petiole of the youngest mature leaf (YML) was the most suitable plant part to sample for tests based on nitrate-N. Suitable plant parts for tests based on total N were the YML petiole or lamina, or the whole shoot. There was good agreement between the 2 sites in the just-adequate fertiliser N rates (rates giving 90% of maximum yield) and the critical N concentrations in the plant parts tested. Critical nitrate-N concentrations in the fresh YML petiole for dry matter production at the time of sampling the plants decreased from 1.62 to 0.14 mg nitrate-N/g fresh weight between the 4–5 leaf rosette stage (4–5 RS) and the start of flowering (SF). Critical nitrate-N concentrations in the dry YML petiole decreased from 16.5 to 0.8 mg/g dry weight between 4–5 RS and SF. Critical total N concentrations decreased from 4.5 to 2.0, 7.2 to 5.0 and 6.2 to 2.8% dry weight, in the YML petiole, YML lamina, and whole shoot, respectively, between 4–5 RS and SF. Critical nitrate-N and total N concentrations for assessing potential seed yield were similar to those for dry matter production at the time of sampling for each of the growth stages. The critical total N concentrations obtained for the YML petiole and lamina, and the whole shoot before the start of stem elongation are likely to be less precise than the critical nitrate-N concentrations in the YML petiole because of the limited response of total N concentrations to increasing rates of fertiliser N. However, total N in the YML petiole or lamina, or in the whole shoot may be a better indicator of N status for plants sampled after the start of stem elongation as nitrate-N concentrations become low and more variable, and it is harder to identify the YML. The decline in critical N concentrations must be taken into account when interpreting the results of plant tests for diagnosing the N status of canola, as sampling needs to correspond to the plant growth stage for which a particular critical N concentration has been obtained.

Effect of sodium on the growth of and ion uptake by barley, sugar beet and broad beans

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamid ◽  
O. Talibudeen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Na Uptake ◽  
Synergism And Antagonism

SUMMARYThe effect of soil salinity (ECe range 2–9 mmhos/cm) on the growth of and ion uptake by barley, sugar beet and broad beans (crops increasingly sensitive to salinity) was investigated in a glasshouse experiment.Barley and sugar-beet yields benefited from the added Na in the soil but broad beans were always adversely affected. Changes in growth and ion uptake are discussed in terms of Na:K synergism and antagonism.Sodium:potassium antagonism was observed in barley just after germination, and in sugar beet throughout growth, but not in barley at other growth stages nor in broad beans. Greater Na uptake promoted increases in dry-matter yields of all plant parts with barley and sugar beet, indicating that Na played a specific role in their metabolism. In sugar-beet roots, sugar concentrations and dry-matter yields increased with added Na by half as much more than without added Na, suggesting that Na is an essential nutrient.We conclude from our experiments that the effects of salinity caused by Na salts when water is not limiting, is related not only to plant species but also to their stages of growth.

scholarly journals Response of upland taro 'Blanca' to sett size and plant spacing

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Agenol González-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Planting Distance

The white-fleshed taro cultivar Blanca has been traditionally used in the central mountainous region of Puerto Rico because of its adaptability to low fertility soils, ability to withstand drought periods under rain-fed conditions and its acceptability by local consumers. Blanca belongs to the Colocasia's botanical variety esculenta. Thus, it should be characterized by a large main corm and few cormels. In commercial fields, individual plants usually average more than 10 suckers, a finding which indicates a low harvest index. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of practical combinations of sett size and plant spacing on taro Blanca yield and dry matter distribution at harvest. Treatments represented alternatives of practical significance in commercial production. Sett sizes were 57 to 114; 170 to 227; and 284 to 340 g per sett. Spacing was 38,1, 45.7 and 61.0 cm between plants. Plants from the smaller setts have the least dry matter and productivity. Regardless of the sett size, plants grown at 61.0- and at 45.7-cm spacing differed neither in yield nor in dry weight measurements. Reduction of the planting distance to 38.1 cm decreased yield and dry weight. The sett size and plant spacing combinations used were not effective in reducing the number of suckers per plant nor in improving the dry matter partitioning into the main corm. Plants averaged 13.8 cormels and had a dry matter partitioning into the main corm of 0.37.The results support the need for the selection of Colocasia esculenta genotypes for improved partitioning into the commercially important part of the plant.

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