scholarly journals 173 CRANBERRY PLANTS COMPENSATE FOR UPRIGHT TIP DESTRUCTION BY CRANBERRY TIPWORM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 453f-453
Author(s):  
Carolyn DeMoranville ◽  
Anne Averill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Cranberry tipworm (Dasyneura vaccinii Smith) lays its eggs in the upright tips of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) plants. Feeding damage by newly hatched maggots leads to characteristic cupping of leaves in the upright tip. This damage is readily apparent to growers and has led to concern that damaged tips would not form terminal flower buds for the following season. Insecticide sprays and cultural practices intended to control this insect are generally ineffective. While studying the incidence of return bloom in cranberry uprights (Strik, B. C., et al. 1991. HortScience 26:1366-1367) heavy cranberry tipworm injury with little apparent effect on yield was noted. We initiated a three year study to examine the potential for cranberry plants to recover from tipworm injury and found that cranberry plants recover completely (no effect on flower bud production) from tipworm injury as long as the injury occurs before mid-August. Only 25% recovery from late-season infestations was found. However, such infestations seldom affected more than 5% of the upright tips. Based on our data, we calculated a maximum 6% loss of flower buds to cranberry tipworm in a year of high late-season infestations.

scholarly journals 614 PB 290 FLOWER BUD POSITION DETERMINES BLOOM AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS IN `ROME BEAUTY' APPLE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 520b-520
Author(s):  
Randy R. Lee ◽  
John K. Fellman ◽  
Esmaeil Fallahi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Position ◽  
Lateral Flower

The influence of flower bud position on bloom, fruit quality, and fruit maturity was investigated on `Rome Beauty' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Limbs on trees containing spur terminal flower buds and lateral flower buds were tagged and the number of blossoms counted every three days until bloom ended. At harvest, fruit from each bud type were selected and seed number, fresh weight, fruit quality characteristics, and onset of ethylene production were measured. Spur terminal flower buds began blooming earlier, blossomed for a longer period of time, and produced more blossoms than lateral flower buds. Fruit from spur terminal flower buds had more seeds, were heavier, and contained more starch than lateral bud fruit. Lateral bud fruit had higher pressure values, due to smaller size, and higher soluble solids, due to consumption of starch reserves. Fruit color and titratable acidity were not significantly different regardless of bud position. Spur terminal fruit started producing ethylene eight days later than lateral bud fruit, indicating they were maturing less quickly. Cultivars such as `Fuji', `Gala', and `Braeburn' display similar growth and fruiting habits.

scholarly journals Rapid Flowering of Microcultured Cranberry Plants

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Serres ◽  
Brent McCown
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Potted Plant

The capability to uniformlyinduce flowering in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. `Stevens') in < 1 year from microculture was investigated to accelerate cranberry breeding and to study woody plant reproductive biotechnology. Flower buds were induced on newly micropropagated cranberry plants during the first growing season. A treatment of 2.5 mg of paclobutrazol applied as a soil drench per 2- to 3-month-old potted plant in midsummer, when the plants were grown in coldframes under natural daylength and air temperatures, resulted in 70% of the plants flowering. Plants not treated with paclobutrazol did not flower. Reduced but significant flower bud set was observed on plants treated with paclobutrazol but grown in the greenhouse under natural daylength. Flowering was stimulated by cold treatment coupled with gibberellin sprays and/or repotting to nonpaclobutrazol-treated medium. Chemical name used: β -[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-ct-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Genotype, Temperature, and Fall-applied Ethephon Affect Plum Flower Bud Development and Ovule Longevity

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerko M. Morenol ◽  
Anita Nina Miller-Azarenko ◽  
William Potts
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Growth Chambers

Flower bud growth and ovule longevity of plum (Prunus domestics L.) cultivars Italian and Brooks and the effects of fall-applied ethephon and of temperature were studied. Fresh and dry weights of terminal flower buds were measured at l-week intervals from 50 days to 1 day before bloom in 1988. Buds were also analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and B. After bloom, ovule longevity was determined using a fluorescence method after staining with aniline blue. Ovule longevity was determined in 1990 using shoots excised at full bloom from untreated and ethephon-treated trees of both cultivars and held in growth chambers for 18 days at 5, 10, 15, or 20C. `Brooks' flower buds showed a higher accumulation of fresh and dry weight than `Italian', and ethephon reduced bud weights in both cultivars. Ethephon did not affect mineral content of flower buds of `Brooks', but `Italian' flower buds contained a higher concentration of Ca and a lower concentration of P when treated with ethephon. Boron content was higher in the ethephon-treated buds of `Italian' trees on some sampling dates. Ovule longevity was higher for `Brooks' than for `Italian' in both years. Ethephon treatment delayed ovule senescence in `Italian' flowers, but had little or no effect on `Brooks' flowers. Increasing temperatures induced faster ovule senescence in both cultivars. Chemical name used. 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Influence of Chilling Hours on Flower Bud Growth and Rooting Ability of Blueberry Budsticks

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Max E. Austin ◽  
K. Bondari
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Chilling Hours

Budsticks from 3 rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (‘Baldwin,’ ‘Brightwell,’ and ‘Tifblue’) and 2 highbush blueberry cultivars (TH-275 and ‘Georgiagem’) were subjected to 0 to 650 hrs at 4.4 °C (40°F) to determine the effects of accumulated chilling on terminal flower bud growth and rooting ability. The cultivar X chilling hours interaction was significant for both flower bud growth and rooting ability. The 2 highbush cultivars had wider flower buds than the 3 rabbiteye cultivars. ‘Baldwin’ and ‘Georgiagem’ produced the best overall root systems. Chilling requirements ranged from 350 to 550 hr for the rabbiteye cultivars and 350 to 450 hr for the highbush. Except for rooting score of clone TH-275, the functional relationships between flower bud width or rooting score and chilling hours were non-linear. In general, chilling hours enhanced the growth of terminal flower buds and increased the rooting ability.

scholarly journals BIENNIAL BEARING IN CRANBERRY. HOW EXTENSIVE IS IT?

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065g-1065
Author(s):  
B.C. Strik ◽  
T.R. Roper ◽  
C.J. DeMoranville ◽  
J.R. Davenport ◽  
A.P. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Growing Region

Biennial bearing has long been thought to occur in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait). Researchers have shown that percent return bloom on fruiting uprights can range from 12% to 65% depending on year, bed vigor and cultivar. Resource limitation and/or hormonal factors in a fruiting upright may be related to flower bud initiation and, thus, percent return bloom the following year. This research was undertaken to determine the extent of biennial bearing by cranberry cultivar and growing region. Seven cultivars were studied; three found in all states (MA, NJ, WI, OR), two common to MA and NJ, and two different cultivars in WI and OR representing cultivars commercially grown in these areas. In the fall or winter of 1989/1990 six 2-m transects were randomly selected within a cranberry bed for each cultivar. Along the transect, 60 uprights that fruited in 1989 were tagged. In the summer of 1990, fifty of the uprights will be sampled to determine percent return bloom and percent set.

scholarly journals BIENNIAL BEARING IN CRANBERRY. HOW EXTENSIVE IS IT?

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065G-1065
Author(s):  
B.C. Strik ◽  
T.R. Roper ◽  
C.J. DeMoranville ◽  
J.R. Davenport ◽  
A.P. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Growing Region

Biennial bearing has long been thought to occur in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait). Researchers have shown that percent return bloom on fruiting uprights can range from 12% to 65% depending on year, bed vigor and cultivar. Resource limitation and/or hormonal factors in a fruiting upright may be related to flower bud initiation and, thus, percent return bloom the following year. This research was undertaken to determine the extent of biennial bearing by cranberry cultivar and growing region. Seven cultivars were studied; three found in all states (MA, NJ, WI, OR), two common to MA and NJ, and two different cultivars in WI and OR representing cultivars commercially grown in these areas. In the fall or winter of 1989/1990 six 2-m transects were randomly selected within a cranberry bed for each cultivar. Along the transect, 60 uprights that fruited in 1989 were tagged. In the summer of 1990, fifty of the uprights will be sampled to determine percent return bloom and percent set.

MEFLUIDIDE IMPROVED THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINAL FLOWER BUDS OF CHILLED PEPPER PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081G-1081
Author(s):  
Jing-fen Chen ◽  
Paul H. Li ◽  
David W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Stress Growth ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Post Stress ◽  
Pepper Plants

Exposure of young pepper plants to chilling temperatures delays the development of terminal flower buds to flowering during post-stress growth. Degree of adverse influence depends on chilling intensity, exposure duration and varietal sensitivity. `Ma Belle' pepper plants were grown in a greenhouse (GH) during winter months on the St. Paul campus, No supplemental lighting was provided. When plants were at the 2- to 3-leaf stage, they were foliar sprayed with mefluidide (Technical grade) at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm. One day after treatment, some plants were transferred from GH to a cold room (3° ∼4°C day/night) with 12-h photoperiod. Treatad plants remaining in the GH served as the control. Plants were chilled for 1, 2, 4 and 6 days and then brought back to the GH for post-stress growth and development observation. Treated and untreated plants grown in the GH showed no difference in days to flowering, and reached 50% flowering at about 62 days after treatment. When untreated plants were chilled for 1,2,4 and 6 days, they showed a delay of 8, 18, 30 and 34 days, respectively, to flowering, If not killed, as compared to the control The long delay to flowering was due to the injury of the terminal flower buds. After 4 and 6 days of chilling, most terminal flower buds were killed. However, when plants were treated with mefluidide and subsequently chilled days to flowering were significantly shortened. A difference of 10-12 days was observed between chilled untreated plants and chilled treated plants. Concentrations of 5 to 15 ppm were equally effective in protection against chilling.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

SEVERAL SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES INFLUENCING THE GROWTH AND RHIZOME DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Franklin P. Eggert
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rhizome Development

A field experiment using various soil management practices showed that the most effective means to increase blueberry plant spread was through the use of a surface mulch. Peat and sawdust were of equal suitability as a mulching material influencing vegetative growth, although sawdust did result in a reduction in the number of flower buds produced when compared with peat. Mulching was associated with a higher soil moisture content than non-mulched plots.Blueberry plants growing in nitrogen-treated plots had an increased flower bud number and rhizome growth in contrast with those growing in unfertilized plots. Nitrogen fertilization was of particular benefit when applied in association with surface organic mulches.Plants growing in an undisturbed soil were more vigorous than in a homogenized or tilled soil. Sawdust was found to be detrimental to the growth of lowbush blueberry plants when incorporated into a homogenized soil.

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